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GI anatomy > Lower abdomen > Flashcards

Lower abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What distinguishes the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity?

A

The pelvic inlet (pelvic brim)

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2
Q

What forms the pelvic brim?

A

Sacral promontory and ala
Iliopectineal line
Symphysis pubis

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3
Q

What resists forward rotation of upper sacrum?

A

The Interosseous sacroiliac ligament

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4
Q

Where is the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?

A

Suspends sacrum b/w two iliac bones

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5
Q

Which sacroiliac ligament is larger/stronger, anterior or posterior?

A

Posterior

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6
Q

What resists backward rotation of the lower sacrum?

A

Sacrotuberous ligament and sacrospinous ligament

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7
Q

Where is the sacrotuberous ligament?

A

From ischial tuberosity to lower sacrum and coccyx

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8
Q

Where is the sacrospinous ligament?

A

From ischial spine to lower sacrum and coccyx

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9
Q

What is the true conjugate diameter of the pelvis?

A

The shortest diameter through which the head must pass

From sacral promontory to a point just below the superior margin of the pubic symphysis

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10
Q

What is the diagonal conjugate diameter?

A

Distance from sacral promontory to lower border of pubic symphysis

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11
Q

What is the obstetric conjugate diameter?

A

From sacral promontory to thickest part of the pubic bone

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12
Q

What muscles make up the pelvic walls?

A

Obturator internus

Piriformis

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13
Q

What makes up the pelvic floor…thus separating pelvis from the perineum?

A

The pelvic diaphragm…hammock suspended from iliacus fascia

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14
Q

What makes up the anterior portion of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Levator ani

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15
Q

What makes up the posterior potion of the pelvic diaphragm?

A

Coccygeus

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16
Q

What reproductive organs are contained in the female pelvis?

A

Ovaries
Uterine tubes
Uterus
Vagina

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17
Q

What does the endopelvic fascia do?

A

Covers/supports pelvic viscera

Transmits neurovasculature to the organs

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18
Q

What does the endopelvic fascia form from?

A

The endopelvic fascia is continuous with the fascia transversalis in the abdomen

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19
Q

What is the endopelvic fascia divided into?

A

Parietal pelvic fascia

Visceral pelvic fascia…more important in repair of prolapsed structures than muscles

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20
Q

What separates the bladder from the uterus?

A

Vesicouterine pouch

21
Q

What separates the rectum from the uterus?

A

Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas)

22
Q

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

Two layered fold of peritoneum that extends across the pelvic cavity from the uterus to the lateral pelvic walls

23
Q

What are the four divisions of the broad ligament?

A

Mesovarium
Suspensory ligament
Mesosalpinx
Mesometrium

24
Q

What does the mesovarium do?

A

Connects the ovary to the posterior layer of the broad ligament

25
Q

What does the suspensory ligament do? Where is ti?

A

Transmits ovarian vessels, lymphatics, and nerves

Lies lateral to the attachment of the mesovarium

26
Q

What is the mesosalpinx?

A

The superior margin of the broad ligament

27
Q

What is the mesometrium?

A

Below the mesovarium and mesosalpinx

28
Q

What connects the ovary to the uterus?

A

The round ligament of the ovary (proper ovarian ligament)

29
Q

What represents the lower remnant of the gubernaculum? Where does it pass?

A

Round ligament of the uterus

Passes from the uterus to the deep inguinal ring and through the inguinal canal

30
Q

What is the most common cause of a prolapsed uterus?

A

Laxity or atonia from repeated obstetrical trauma

31
Q

What is the most common cause of a cystocele (bulging of the bladder through the vaginal wall)?

A

Weakened/torn pelvic diaphragm from repeated obstetrical trauma

32
Q

What is the most likely cause of a rectocele (bulging of the rectum through the vaginal wall)?

A

Incompetent pelvic diaphragm

33
Q

What reproductive organs are contained in the male pelvis?

A 
Ductus (vas) deferens
Seminal vesicles
Ejaculatory ducts
Prostate gland
Urethra
34
Q

What contributes to the sacral plexus?

A 
Lumbosacral trunk (0.5 of L4 and L5)
Ventral rami of S1-4
35
Q

What type of nerves make up the sacral plexus?

A

Somatic nerves

36
Q

Where do the nerves of the sacral plexus go?

A

Through the greater sciatic foramen

Into the pelvis

37
Q

What branches of the sacral plexus go to the pelvis (what is their origin)?

A

Nerve to piriformis (S1, 2)

Branches to levator ani (S3, 4)

38
Q

With the exception of the gonads, all of the pelvic organs have the same autonomic innervation: where is it from?

A

Inferior hypogastric (pelvic) plexus

39
Q

Where is the inferior hypogastric plexus?

A

The extraperitoneal tissues of the pararectal fossae

40
Q

What makes up the sympathetic component of the pelvic plexus?

A

Lumbar splanchnics

Sacral splanchnics

41
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetics of the pelvic plexus?

A

Inhibit contraction of the wall of the rectum and bladder

42
Q

What makes up the parasympathetic component of the pelvic plexus?

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (from S2-4)

43
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetics of the pelvic plexus?

A

Contraction of detrusor muscle of bladder and muscular wall of rectum
Relaxation of internal sphincters of rectum and bladder

44
Q

There are visceral afferent fibers in the inferior hypogastric plexus, what messages do they send?

A

Pain

Distention

45
Q

Which artery do nerves off the hypogastric plexus follow to form subsidiary plexi?

A

Internal iliac artery

46
Q

What are the parts of the uterine tube from lateral to medial?

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterine part

47
Q

Where/what are fimbriae? What do they do?

A

Finger-like projections coming off the infundibulum

Catch the oocyte and insert it into uterine tube

48
Q

Where is the most likely site of fermentation?

A

Ampulla

GI anatomy (7 decks)

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