Lower Abdomen

Question 1

Testicular aa. cross over _______ and enter_________ to descend into _______ to supply ________

Answer 1

• ureters
• inguinal canal
• scrotum
• testes

Question 2

Gonadal aa. are located superior or inferior to renal aa.?

Answer 2

inferior

Question 3

At what vertebral level does IVC begin?

Answer 3

L5

Question 4

What two veins merge to form IVC?

Answer 4

common iliac veins

Question 5

What are the four portal-caval anastomoses?

Answer 5

1. gastric vv. and esophageal vv.
2. paraumbilical vv. and epigastric vv.
3. superior rectal vv. and middle/inferior rectal vv.
4. colic vv. and retroperitoneal vv.

Question 6

What clinical condition(s) is associated with portol-caval anastomoses?

Answer 6

1. reversal (backflow) of caval venous blood
2. dialated caval veins that lead to vascular rupture and hemorrhaging

Question 7

What are the four major autonomic ganglia?

Answer 7

1. celiac
2. superior mesenteric
3. aortorticorenal
4. inferior mesenteric

Question 8

What spinal cord levels make up the greater splancnic nerve?

Answer 8

T5-T9

Question 9

What spinal cord levels make up the lesser splancnic nerve?

Answer 9

T10-T11

Question 10

What spinal cord leves make up the least splancnic nerve?

Answer 10

T12

Question 11

Where do the sympathetic fibers of the abdomen originate?

Answer 11

T5-T12-L2

Question 12

Where do the parasympathetic fibers of the abdomen originate?

Answer 12

CN X

S2-S4