Lower Body Midterm Flashcards - Sheet1

Question 1

History taken should include

Answer 1

age, sex, past medical hx, activity level, any dx of MC, mechanism of injury, structures involved, level of disability

Question 2

MC breakdown

Answer 2

WHAT’s the issue? (dx/story) WHEN? (timeline) HOW? (mechanism) WHERE? (structures involved)

Question 3

What things do you record about PAIN?

Answer 3

Location, intensity, frequency, duration (create baseline)

Question 4

What is SOMATIC pain?

Answer 4

orthopedic, nociceptive - activation of pain receptors in the skin and musculoskeletal system including muscle, bone, ligament, tendon, etc.

Question 5

What is NEUROPATHIC pain?

Answer 5

spinal cord or peripheral nerve pain such as tingling, burning, pins & needles, stinging, etc.

Question 6

What is PSYCHOGENIC pain?

Answer 6

mental, emotional, social or behavioral producers of pain

Question 7

What is VISCERAL pain?

Answer 7

nociceptive - activation of pain receptors from the internal organs

Question 8

What is SYMPATHETIC pain>

Answer 8

non-nociceptive - pain signals sent to the brain by the sympathetic nervous system, for example Compex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

Question 9

What is PHANTOM pain?

Answer 9

pain related to a lost limb

Question 10

What is paroxysmal pain? (quality)

Answer 10

sudden, shooting, sharp, electric, hot, radiating

Question 11

What is superficial pain? (quality)

Answer 11

itchy, cold, numb, sensitive, tingling

Question 12

What is deep pain? (quality)

Answer 12

achy, heavy, crampy, throbbing

Question 13

Glute Medius/Maximus IZ? (location and needling)

Answer 13

LOCATE by finding PSIS “peanut”/highest point, line fro here to greater trochanter, then first quarter on medial side of that line; alternately feel sit bones, go lateral to sacrum, aim for deepest part of muscle/cup of ilum; DEPTH 2-4” tx glute med/max dysfunction, pain

Question 14

Piriformis IZ? (location and needling)

Answer 14

LOCATE midpoint between PSIS & sacral hiatus, then go from this toward greater trochanter; rotate leg to confirm on piriformis and aim toward belly of muscle; NEEDLE 1.5-3” tx piriformis dysfunction, pain

Question 15

Iliacus Point IZ? (location and needling)

Answer 15

LOCATE ASIS and find inguinal ligament, point is in V formed here, deep to inguinal ligament, needle superior medial to lateral inferior, 1.5-2” tx iliopsoas referral

Question 16

TFL IZ (side lying)? (location and needling)

Answer 16

LOCATE GB29 - midpoint of ASIS and greater troachanter - and go anterior, feel between muscles, NEEDLE perpendicular 1-1.5” tx TFL dysfunction, pain

Question 17

Huatojiaji L4-L5/L5-S1 (location and needling)

Answer 17

LOCATE 0.5 cun from BSP of L4 or L5 as indicated, NEEDLE perpendicular 1-2” tx facets or nerve root referral

Question 18

Straight leg raise tests for . . .

Answer 18

nerve root impingement

Question 19

Slump test

Answer 19

For nerve root impingement

Question 20

Gillet test

Answer 20

SI dysfunction

Question 21

FABER

Answer 21

Hip joint pathology (may also be . . .)

Question 22

Thomas Test

Answer 22

Shortened rectus femoris (if knee not fully flexed), psoas (if thigh not level) and/or IT band (if J sign, leg pulled laterally)

Question 23

Low back RED FLAGS

Answer 23

under 20 or over 55 y.o., violent trauma, constant unremitting progressive nonmechanical pain, hx of cancer/steroids/drugs/HIV, incontinence, structural deformity, unexpected weight loss, loss of balance/strength, pain at night/resting pain, saddle anesthesia/perineal/perianal sensory loss

Question 24

Nerve root L1-L2 is involved in action of?

Answer 24

hip flexion

Question 25

Nerve root L3 involved in action of?

Answer 25

knee extension

Question 26

Nerve root L4 involved in action of?

Answer 26

ankle dorsiflexion

Question 27

Nerve root L5 involved in action of?

Answer 27

big toe extension

Question 28

Nerve root S1 involved in action of?

Answer 28

ankle plantar flexion, eversion, hip extension, knee flexion

Question 29

Nerve root S2 involved in action of?

Answer 29

knee flexion

Question 30

Disc protrusion feels better/worse with lying down?

Answer 30

Better with lying down because discs are not stacked up, less force pushing stuff out of the disc

Question 31

If pain feels better lying down it might be?

Answer 31

Disc protrusion

Question 32

Sitting in extension (leaning back) reduces pain for?

Answer 32

Disc protrusion

Question 33

Why does sitting in flexion worsen a posterior disc bulge?

Answer 33

Forces posterior disc to bulge MORE posteriorly, increasing symptoms.

Question 34

Number one region for disc herniation to occur?

Answer 34

Lateral recess/paramedium zone