Lower Cervical Flashcards

(26 cards)

1
Q

Where is the nucleus of the disc located in the lower cervical

A

slightly posterior to center

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2
Q

What is the SROM of the flexion/extension for lower cervicals

A

average of 15˚ per segment
Greatest in mid cervicals
lowest at C7-T1

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3
Q

What is the IAR for flexion/extension of the lower cervicals

A

anterior portion of the subadjacent vertebra

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4
Q

What is the pattern of motion during flexion/extension in the lower cervicals

A

coupled translation is greater in the upper cervical spine than in the lower which gives the lower a steeper arch compared to the upper

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5
Q

What happens as the facet slide apart/together in flexion/extension

A

Flexion: stretching, gapping
Extension: maximal compression at the inferior margins, with som distraction at the superior margins

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6
Q

Whats the SROM for lower cervicals in lateral flexion

A

7-8˚

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7
Q

Whats the pattern of motion for lateral flexion in the lower cervicals

A

Lateral bending coupled with ipsilateral axial rotation

–degree of coupled rotation decreases in a cephalic to caudal direction

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8
Q

What happens at the joint articulation of the lower cervicals during lateral flexion

A

inferior facet glides down and medially on the side of lateral flexion, and up and laterally on the contralateral side

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9
Q

What is the SROM of rotation in the lower cervicals

A

This significantly decreases at C7-T1

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10
Q

What is the IAR for rotation of the lower cervicals

A

contralateral subadjacent vertebral body

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11
Q

What is the pattern of motion in rotation of the lower cervicals

A

Predominately axial rotation coupled with ipsilateral lateral flexion
–though not as strong as the coupled rotation noted with cervical lateral flexion

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12
Q

What occurs at the joint articulation during rotation of the lower cervicals

A

ipsilateral inferior facet rides down and medially

contralateral inferior facet rides up and laterally

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13
Q

What is the normal movement that causes movement in the cervical spine

A

movement of the head

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14
Q

What muscles initiate flexion of the lower cervicals

A

concentric activity of the anterior cervical muscles

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15
Q

What muscles control flexion in the cervical spine

A

eccentric activity of the semispinalis, longissimus, and splenius

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16
Q

What limits flexion in the lower cervicals

A
eccentric motion from posterior muscles
elastic limits of myofascial tissue
ligaments
joint capsule
posterior IVD distraction
anterior IVD compression
chin hitting chest
17
Q

What muscles initiate extension of the lower cervicals

A

concentric activity of posterior cervical muscles

18
Q

What controls the extension of the lower cervicals

A

eccentric activity of SCM, scaleni, and longus capitis

19
Q

What limits extension in the lower cervicals

A
eccentric activity of the anterior muscles
elastic limits of myofascial tissue
anterior IVD distraction
posterior IVD distraction
ALL
Joint capsule
facet joint approximation
20
Q

What initiates lateral flexion in the lower cervicals

A

ipsilateral concentric contraction of the lateral flexors

21
Q

What is lateral flexion of the lower cervicals controlled by

A

contralateral eccentric contraction of lateral flexors

22
Q

What limits lateral flexion of the lower cervicals

A
contralateral eccentric muscle activity
elastic limits of the myofascial tissue
tension of contralateral joint capsule
contralateral IVD distraction
Ipsilateral IVD compression
Ipsilateral facet joint approximation
23
Q

What initiates rotation of the lower cervicals

A

ipsilateral splenius capitis, cervicis, and longissimus cervicis
contralateral semispinalis cervicis, SCM

24
Q

What controls rotationof the lower cervicals

A

contralateral spenius capitis and cervicis, longissimus cervicis
ipsilateral semispinalis cervicis, scaleni, and SCM

25
What limits rotation of the lower cervicals
capsular and periarticular ligaments segmental muscles facet joints
26
What muscles produce contralateral rotation
multifidus, rotatores