Upper Cervical

Question 1

What are the effects of a hyperlordotic curve

Answer 1

posterior disc compression
tensile stress anteriorly to the disc and myofascial structures
Shortening of posterior musculature
possible predisposition to facet syndrome

Question 2

What are the effects of a hypolordotic curve

Answer 2

compression of the anterior disc
prolonged stress on the posterior ligaments
shortening of anterior cervical muscles
protective splinting

Question 3

What is the degrees of flexion in the cervical spine

Answer 3

60˚

Question 4

What is the GROM for extension in the cervicals spine

Answer 4

75˚

Question 5

What is the GROM for lateral flexion in the cervical spine

Answer 5

45˚ to each side

Question 6

What is the GROM for rotation in the cervical spine

Answer 6

80˚ chin to shoulder

Question 7

What are the big trends for flexion extension in the cervical

Answer 7

Most in CO-C1

Least C2-3, and C7-T1

Question 8

What is the combined range for flexion/extension of C0-1

Answer 8

25˚

Question 9

What is the IAR for flexion/extension CO-C1

Answer 9

just above odontoid

Question 10

What is the paradoxical movement of the occiput for flexion/extension

Answer 10

during cervical flexion a large percentage of the population will extend at CO-C1 at end range of cervical flexion

Question 11

During flexion what direction is the roll? What direction is the slide?

Answer 11

Roll: Anteriorly
Slides: Posteriorly

Question 12

What is the SROM for lateral flexion at CO-C1

Answer 12

5˚ each side

Question 13

What limits the lateral flexion of CO-1

Answer 13

Alar ligaments

Question 14

What is the IAR for lateral flexion of C1-0

Answer 14

located midway between odontoid tip and EOP

Question 15

What is occuring on the articular surface of CO-1 during lateral flexion

Answer 15

C0 is gliding down the ipsilateral articular surface while the contralateral side glides up

Question 16

What are the two patterns of motion of lateral flexion in C0 - C1

Answer 16

Predominately a movement in the coronal plane

coupled with contralateral rotation

Question 17

What is the SROM of rotation of CO-1

Answer 17

5˚ to each side

Question 18

What occurs at the articular surface during rotation of CO-1

Answer 18

C0 articular surface slides posterior and superior on the ipsilateral articular surface of C1. On the contralateral side it slides anterior and superior

Question 19

What is the main feature of the C1-2 joint articulation besides the odontoid

Answer 19

That the facets of both bones are convex

Question 20

What is the type of cartilage lines the posterior portion of the ondontoid

Answer 20

fibrocartilage

Question 21

What is the SROM for flexion/extension at C1-2

Answer 21

Combined motion of 20˚

Question 22

What is the IAR for flexion/extension C1-2

Answer 22

middle third of dens

Question 23

What is the pattern of motion for C1-2

Answer 23

angular sagittal plane motion coupled with sagittal plane translation

Question 24

What happens in flexion at the joint articulation of C1-C2

Answer 24

posterior jt surfaces and posterior arches separate while C1 articular surface slides posteriorly

Question 25

What is the SROM of lateral flexion of C1-2

Answer 25

limited | 5˚ to each side

Question 26

What happens at the articular surfaces during lateral flexion at C1-2

Answer 26

C1 translates on the C2 articular surfaces toward the side of lateral flexion

Question 27

What is the SROM of rotation at C1-2

Answer 27

Huge! | 40˚ to each side

Question 28

How much of cervical rotation occurs at the C1-2 articulation

Answer 28

~1/2

Question 29

How degrees of rotation occur exclusively at C1-2

Answer 29

The first 25˚

Question 30

What is the IAR of rotation for C1-2

Answer 30

vertical axis in dens

Question 31

What occurs to the joint articulations during rotation of C1-2

Answer 31

C1 articular surface slides posterior on ipsilateral side and anterior on contralateral side

Question 32

What is the pattern of motion of C1-2 during rotation

Answer 32

vertical translation of 2-3mm due to convex surfaces of both facets. -y translation from neutral to full rotation

Question 33

What muscles coordinate upper cervical movements into global movements

Answer 33

suboccipital muscles

Question 34

What muscles initiate upper cervical flexion

Answer 34

bilateral anterior concentric activity of: Rectus Capitis Anterior Longus Capitis

Question 35

What muscles guide flexion of upper cervical spine

Answer 35

Bilateral posterior eccentric activity of suboccipitals

Question 36

What limits the Flexion of the upper cervicals

Answer 36

``` eccentric activity of suboccipital mm joint capsules PLL Nuchal ligament cruciate ligament chin hitting sternum ```

Question 37

What muscles initiate extension in the upper cervicals

Answer 37

bilateral concentric activity of suboccipitals

Question 38

What guides extension of upper cervicals

Answer 38

bilateral eccentric activity of rectus capitis anterior and longus capitis

Question 39

What limits extension of the upper cervicals

Answer 39

``` eccentric activity of anterior mm ALL Anterior atlanto occipital membrane capsular ligaments cruciate ligaments impact of occiput on C1 impact of C1 on C2 ```

Question 40

What initiates lateral flexion of the upper cervicals

Answer 40

contraction of the ipsilateral rectus capitis lateralis

Question 41

What guides lateral flexion of the upper cervicals

Answer 41

eccentric contraction of the contralateral rectus capitis lateralis

Question 42

What limits lateral flexion of the upper cervicals

Answer 42

eccentric activity or lengthening of contralateral rectus capitis lateralis capsular ligaments alar ligaments occipital ligaments

Question 43

How is rotation of the upper cervicals created

Answer 43

concentric activity on the side of rotation balanced by eccentric activity on the side opposite of rotation

Question 44

What limits rotation of upper cervicals

Answer 44

contralateral eccentric activity alar ligaments cruciate ligaments articular design