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A&P II - Exam 1 > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

which nerve roots control heel walking

A

L4/5

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2
Q

which nerve root controls ankle dorsiflexion

A

L5

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3
Q

which nerve root controls great toe extension

A

L5

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4
Q

what nerve root controls toe walking

A

S1

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5
Q

where does the guteus maximus insert

A

below the greater trochanter -> iliotibial tract

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6
Q

greater trochanter muscle insertions (6)

A

gluteus medius

gluteus minimus

gemeli

obturator externus

obturator internus

piriformis

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7
Q

what are the hip extensors (2)

A

gluteus maximus

hamstrings → semitendonosis, semimembranosis

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8
Q

what are the hip abductors

A

gluteus maximus, medius, minimus

tensor fascia lata

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9
Q

what are the hip adductors

A

adductor magnus, longus, brevis

gracilis

pectineus

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10
Q

what are the hip flexors

A

psoas major

iliacus

iliopsoas

rectus femoris

sartorius

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11
Q

what is this

A

acetabulum

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12
Q

what bones form the acetabulum

A

ilium

ischium

pelvis

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13
Q

what is the fovea capitis

what is its fxn

A

dimple on top of femur

attachment point for ligamentum teres

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14
Q

what is this ligament

A

ligamentum teres

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15
Q

what is the fxn of the ligamentum teres

A

stabilizer of hip during adduction, flexion, external rotation

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16
Q

what is the most proximal part of the femur

A

femoral head

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17
Q

what are the capsular ligaments of the hip (3)

A

iliofemoral

ischiofemoral

pubofemoral

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18
Q

blood supply to the femoral neck and head comes from

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

ligamentum teres artery

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19
Q

what artery supplies the medial and lateral circumflex arteries

A

profunda femoris

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20
Q

the femoral head receives blood from the medial/lateral circumflex arteries AND also the

A

artery of ligamentum teres

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21
Q

what artery supplies the artery of ligamentum teres

A

obturator artery

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22
Q

avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a result of damage to the __ artery

A

obturator a → ligamentum teres a

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23
Q

what are the anterior structures of the hip

A

anterior inferior iliac spine

greater trochanter

iliofemoral ligament

pubofemoral ligament

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24
Q

what are the posterior structures of the hip

A

ischium

greater trochanter

obturator externus of bursa

iliofemoral ligament

ischiofemoral ligament

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25
which ligament of the hip is both an anterior and posterior structure
iliofemoral
26
what happens to distal fragments in a femoral neck fx
muscles spasm → pull distal fragments proximally
27
which muscles determine the movement of distal fragments in a femoral neck fx
strongest muscles
28
which muscles internally rotate to pull fracture fragments proximally in a femoral neck fx
adducturs glutei iliopsoas
29
where do the hip adductors insert
medial ridge of linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
30
where to the glutei muscles insert
iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur
31
where do the iliopsoas muscles insert
lesser trochanter of femur
32
where is avascular necrosis of the hip usually seen
femoral head
33
the femoral head is a __ organ system with \_\_ collateral circulation
end poor
34
the femoral head is especially vulnerable to avascular necrosis if the __ artery is compromised
medial circumflex
35
compromise of blood supply to a bone causes
ischemia → avascular necrosis
36
what are some causes of avascular necrosis
trauma vasculitis vascospasm → decompression circulating microemboli steroids etoh pancreatitis dialysis
37
what are 4 sources of circulating emboli that can lead to avascular necrosis of the femoral head
hemoglobinopathies fat emboli hypercoaguable states decompression sickness
38
other than the femoral head, what other bone is especially susceptible to avascular necrosis
scaphoid
39
rf for avascular necrosis of the thumb
etoh steroids bends arterial embolism/thrombosis ssa
40
what structures are in the anterior compartment of the thigh
quadriceps femoris → vastus lateralis, medialis, intermedius, rectus femoris patellar ligament sartorius
41
what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh
femoral
42
what n innervates the iliopsoas m
femoral
43
what muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh
adductors of femur → longus, brevis, magnus obturator externus pectineus gracilis
44
all of the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh are innervated by the __ nerve *except* for the \_\_
obturator pectineus
45
what nerve innervates the illiopsoas and the pectineus
femoral
46
what n innervates the pectineus
femoral
47
what muscles are in the posterior compartment of the thigh
hamstrings → biceps femoris, semitendinosis, semimembranosis
48
what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh
sciatic
49
what does SGT FOS stand for
muscles of the pes anserinus and nerves that innervate them sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosis femoral, obturator, sciatic
50
what is the pes anserinus
tendinous insertions of 3 muscles that attach to the medial side of the tibia *resemble goose foot*
51
what can SGT FOS help you remember
thigh compartments and nerve innervations
52
most of the large thigh muscles insert into the \_\_ and have what action
proximal tibia and fibula extend leg at the knee joint
53
where do the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosis insert
at the pes anserinus on the medial proximal tibia
54
where does the biceps femoris insert
lateral head of the fibula
55
what is the clinical significance of the fascia lata and iliotibial band
iliotibial band syndrome
56
what is the gluteal injxn site
upper outer quadrant → ventro-gluteal injection site
57
the safe injxn site is directly inferior to the
highest point on the iliac crest
58
what muscle is the gluteal injection site
gluteus medius
59
why is the gluteus medius the gluteal injection site
thickest of gluteal muscles free from penetrating nerves and bv thin layer of fat
60
what blood vessels are in the lower quadrants of the buttocks
superior gluteal artery and vein lateral femoral circumflex artery medial femoral circumflex artery
61
the inferior lateral border of the lower quadrant of the buttox is the
ischial tuberosity
62
the vertical division of the planes of the buttocks goes through the
highest point on the iliac crest
63
the buttocks is divided into what 4 quadrants
upper medial lower medial upper lateral lower lateral
64
the lower lateral quadrant of the buttocks includes what structures
greater trochanter insertion of the piriformis lateral femoral circumflex artery
65
the lower medial quadrant of the buttocks contains the
ischial tuberosity piriformis sciatic n deep artery of thigh inferior gluteal artery and vein
66
lumbar plexus is L \_ thru L \_
L1 L4
67
sacral plexus is L \_ S \_
L4 S1
68
lower limb dermatomes
L1 - S3
69
perineum dermatomes
S4 - S5 → *S4 and 5 keep your butt alive*
70
the femoral nerve goes through the __ canal
femoral
71
the obturator nerve toes through the __ canal
obturator
72
the sciatic nerve goes through the __ foramen
greater sciatic foramen
73
what are the branches of the sciatic n
tibial common fibular
74
the tibial n innervates the
posterior compartment of leg and sole of foot
75
the common fibular n innervates
lateral and anterior compartments of leg into foot
76
the superior and inferior gluteal nerves go through the
greater sciatic foramen
77
the inferior gluteal n innervates the
gluteal maximus
78
the superior gluteal n innervates the
gluteus medius gluteus minimus tensor fascia lata
79
the pudendal n comes out of the
greater sciatic foramen
80
the pudendal n innervates the
perineum sphincters of bladder and rectum
81
inguinal ligament dermatome
L1
82
lateral thigh dermatome
L2
83
lower medial thigh dermatome
L4
84
medial great toe dermatome
L4
85
medial second to dermatome
L5
86
lateral 5th toe dermatome
S1
87
back of thigh dermatome
S2
88
perineum dermatome
S3-5
89
hip flexion dermatomes
iliopsoas L1-2
90
knee extension dermatomes
quads L3-4
91
knee flexion dermatomes
hamstrings L5-S2
92
ankle plantar flexion dermatomes
S1-S2 achilles
93
ankle dorsiflexion dermatomes
L4, 5
94
what is the orientation of the acetabulum
anteriorly and caudally 15 degrees of anteversion 45 degrees of abduction
95
what 3 nerves come out of the greater sciatic foramen
sciatic gluteal (s and i) pudendal
96
what nerve is the hip extensor and lateral rotator of femur/thigh
gluteus maximus
97
what muscles act as medial and lateral rotators of the femur
gluteus medius and minimus
98
weakness of __ muscles leads to trendelenberg gait
gluteus medius and minimus
99
what are forms the femoral triangle
sartorius inguinal ligament adductor longus
100
what are the contents of the femoral triangle
**NAVEL:** nerve (femoral) artery (femoral) vein (femoral) empty (femoral canal) lymphatics
101
what forms the popliteal fossa
hamstrings: semimembranous semitendinous biceps femoris plus gatrocnemius popliteal muscles
102
contents of popliteal fossa
**SAVNB** semimembranosous/tendinosus artery **(popliteal)** vein (**popliteal, sapenous**) nerves (**tibial, common fibular**, sural, posterior femoral cutaneous) biceps femoris
103
what is the tarsal tunnel
flexor retinaculum → roof medial malleolus → floor calcaneus
104
what is the flexor retinaculum
fibrous tendon → covers tendons of muscles that flex the foot → if entrapped causes tarsal tunnel syndrome

A&P II - Exam 1 (3 decks)

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