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A&P II - Exam 1 > Shoulder and Upper Arm > Flashcards

Shoulder and Upper Arm Flashcards

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1
Q

the brachial salute involves which dermatomes

A

C5 - T1

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2
Q

C5 controls

A

abduction of the arm at the glenohumeral joint

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3
Q

C6 controls

A

flexion of the forearm at the elbow

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4
Q

C7 controls

A

extension of the forearm at the elbow joint

extension of wrist

extension of the fingers

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5
Q

C8 controls

A

flexion of the fingers

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6
Q

T1 controls

A

abduction/adduction of the index, middle, and ring fingers

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7
Q

post cord C5-T1 is innervated by the

A

axillary. n

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8
Q

lateral cord C5-C7 is innervated by the

A

musculocutaneous n

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9
Q

post cord C5-T1 is innervated by the

A

radial n

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10
Q

lateral/median cord 5, C6, C8, and T1 is innervated by the

A

median n

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11
Q

medial cord C8 and T1 is innervated by the

A

ulnar n

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12
Q

the coracovlavicular ligament includes what 2 ligaments

A

trapezoid ligament

conoid ligament

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13
Q

when evaluating tears of the acromicoclavicular and coracovlavicular ligaments, what is the most important factor in the physical assessment

A

skin tenting

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14
Q

A/C separations are graded __

through __

A

I-VI

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15
Q

a minor disruption of the AC joint with an intact coracoclavicular ligament is graded a

A

type I

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16
Q

a complete disruption of the AC ligament and the coracoclavicular ligament and the coracoclavicular ligament is classified as

A

type III

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17
Q

a complete tear of the A/C ligament with partial tear of the coracoclavicular ligament is classified as a

A

type II

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18
Q

when assessing clavicular fx, you need to determine if the location is

A

proximal third

middle third

distal third

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19
Q

___ clavicular fx are fraught with injury to structures underneath and may require surgery

A

proximal

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20
Q

2.8% of clavicular fractures are

A

proximal

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21
Q

proximal clavicular fx’s are group ___

A

III

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22
Q

list 2 causes of proximal third clavicular fx’s

A
  1. acute: multisystem trauma (MVC)
  2. stress fx: repetitive stress (ex rowing)
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23
Q

where on the humerus do fx’s usually occur

A

surgical neck

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24
Q

it is virtually impossible for fx’s to occur on which part of the humerus

A

anatomic neck

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25
where is the suprascapular notch located
superior border of the scapula just medial to the base of the coracoid process
26
what is the clinical significance of the suprascapular notch
it is a common site of entrapment of the suprascapular n
27
what muscles of the shoulder does the axillary nerve innervate
deltoid triceps teres minor
28
what 3 muscles originate at the coracoid process
1. coracobrachialis m 2. pectoralis minor m 3. short head of biceps m
29
the greater tubercle (tuberosity) is the origin of what 3 muscles
1. supraspinatus 2. infraspinatus 3. teres minor ## Footnote **SIT → rotator cuff**
30
the bicipital groove is the origin of what 3 muscles
1. pectoralis major m 2. latissmus dorsi m → *the miss between 2 majors* 3. teres major m
31
the coracobrachialis m AND the short head of the biceps are innervated by which nerves
musculocutaneous n C 5, 6, 7
32
the pectoralis minor m is innervated by what nerves
medial pectoral n C8
33
the supraspinatus AND infraspinatus m are innervated by which nerves
upper scapular n C5
34
teres minor is innervated by what nerves
axillary C 5, 6
35
pectoralis minor is innervated by what nerves
medial and lateral pectoral n C5-T1
36
latissmus dorsi m is innervated by which nerves
thoracodorsal C 6-8
37
teres major m is innervated by which nerves subscapularis n thoracodorsal n C 5-8
38
irritation of the diaphragm is referred by which nerve
phrenic nerve
39
gallbladder pain is referred to via the \_\_ \_\_
C4
40
pleurisy of the lower lobes is referred via the \_\_ to \_\_
phrenic n C4
41
what are some examples of deep pain in relation to the shoulder
tear of supraspinatus tendon subdeltoid/subacromial bursitis
42
myositis, tendonitis, and bursitis do generally not cause pain with __ movement
passive
43
why might axillary neuritis occur
deep pain 2/2 to an abscess
44
what condition might you have if you have pain with an uppercut movement
tenosynovitis of long head of biceps *normally flexion of the arm only uses the short head of the biceps*
45
what are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff
1. supraspinatus 2. infraspinatus 3. teres minor 4. subscapularis ## Footnote **SITS**
46
supraspinatus: O: I: A:
O: supraspinatus fossa of scapula I: greater tuberosity of humerus A: abduction of humerus; stabilizes head of humerus
47
subscapularis: O: I: A:
O: front surface of scapula in subscapular fossa I: lesser tuberosity of humerus A: internally rotates humerus; stabilizes head of humerus
48
infraspinatus: O: I: A:
O: infraspinatus fossa of scapula I: greater tuberosity of humerus A: externally rotates shoulder
49
teres minor: O: I: A:
O: upper part of lateral border of scapula I: back and lower part of greater tuberosity of humerus A: externally rotates humerus; stabilizes head of humerus
50
which muscle is the (0-30) 0-15 degree muscle
supraspinatus m
51
which nerve is called the 0-30 (0-15) degree n
suprascapular n
52
the suprascapular nerve innervates the
supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
53
impingement of the suprascapular n can cause
paralysis of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
54
which tubercle is the SIT tubercle
greater tubercle
55
the rotator cuff muscles include the __ muscles plus the \_\_
subscapularis m → inserts on the lesser tubercle
56
which nerve is also called the (30-90) or 15+ nerve
axillary n
57
which muscle is the (30-90) 15 + degree muscle
deltoid m
58
which muscle is the major abductor of the arm
deltoid m
59
which section of the deltoid muscle is the main abductor
medial
60
which section of the deltoid do you use to bench press
anterior
61
which section of the deltoid do you use for bend over lateral raises
posterior
62
what is shoulder impingement syndrome
when the acromiom rubs against or impinges the rotator cuff beneath it
63
shoulder impingement syndrome can cause a torn
supraspinatus tendon
64
chronic rotator cuff tears can cause loss of space between
the humeral head and the acromion
65
which structure accounts for 50% of the area of the shoulder socket joint
glenoid labrum
66
why might you feel deep pain and hear a click with shoulder movement
torn glenoid labrum
67
what are the 3 adductors of the humerus
1. pectoralis majaor 2. teres major 3. latissmus dorsi *the miss between 2 majors*
68
the muscle that inserts into the lesser tubercle/tuberosity ___ rotates the humerus
internally
69
the muscle that inserts into the greater tubercle/tuberosity __ rotates the humerus
externally
70
what are the 4 passive stabilizing structures of the shoulder
1. glenoid fossa 2. capsular structures 3. glenoid labrum 4. osseous structures
71
name 2 characteristics of the glenoid fossa that help to stabilize the shoulder
1. it is very shallow 2. vacuum effect of the joint
72
what are the 4 stabilizing ligaments of the glenoid fossa
1. superior glenohumeral ligament 2. middle glenohumeral ligament 3. inferior glenohumeral ligament 4. coracohumeral ligament
73
what are the 2 stabilizing osseous structures of the shoulder
1. acromion 2. coracoid process
74
what is the most important stabilizing structure of the shoulder
inferior glenohumeral ligament
75
the glenohumeral joint is a ___ type of joint and it is inherently \_\_\_
ball and socket unstable
76
what causes recurrent shoulder dislocations
glenohumeral instability
77
which ligament of the glenohumeral joint is most vulnerable to damage in an anterior shoulder dislocation
inferior glenohumeral joint
78
list 3 possible reasons for glenohumeral ligament instability (GHLI)
1. congenital laxity 2. macrotraumatic → 2/2 to an event 3. microtraumatic → repetitive injury
79
which type of shoulder dislocation accounts for 90% of cases
anterior
80
what is the mechanism of injury for anterior shoulder dislocations
ar abducted and externally rotated
81
what ligament fails in anterior shoulder dislocations
inferior glenohumeral ligament
82
what % of anterior shoulder dislocations become recurrent
40%
83
what nerve is commonly injured in anterior shoulder dislocations
axillary n
84
what 2 injuries can occur with anterior shoulder dislocations
1. bankhard lesions 2. hill-sachs fx
85
what are bankhard lesions
anterior glenoid labral injury and fx of the anteroinferior glenoid
86
what is a hill-sachs fx
fracture of the posterior superior humeral head
87
what is a SLAP lesion
Superior Labral tear from Anterior to Posterior → labrum torn from front to back (anterior to posterior)
88
what does the Trough sign on MRI
posterior shoulder dislocation
89
what does the Trough sign on MRI
posterior shoulder dislocation
90
what is Luxatio Erecta
an inferior shoulder dislocation
91
what position is the arm in after an inferior shoulder dislocation
arm is abducted, elevated, and fixed
92
in an inferior shoulder dislocation, the humeral head is
subcoracoid
93
what fracture usually accompanies an inferior shoulder dislocation
greater tuberosity fx
94
what does "Reach To Drink Cold Beer" stand for
Roots Trunks Division Cords Branches (Nerves)
95
map of the brachial plexus
96
what does “Most Alcoholics Must Really Urinate” stand for
terminal branches of the brachial plexus: Musculocutaneous Axillary Median Radial Ulnar
97
what are the roots of the brachial plexus
C5 - T1
98
what are the trunks of the brachial plexus
superior/upper middle inferior or lower
99
what are the divisions of the brachial plexus
anterior posterior
100
how are the cords of the brachial plexus named
by position relating to axillary artery
101
what are the roots of the anterior cord of the brachial plexus
C5-T1
102
what are the roots of the medial cord of the brachial plexus
C5-T7
103
what are the roots of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
C8-T1
104
the shoulder rami of the brachial plexus are
C5-C6
105
the superior rami of the brachial plexus innervate the
proximal muscles of the shoulder
106
the inferior rami of the brachial plexus are
C8-T1
107
the inferior rami of the brachial plexus innervate the
hand muscles
108
C5 controls
abduction of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
109
C6 controls
flexion of the forearm at the elbow
110
C7 controls
extension of the forearm at the elbow joint
111
C8 controls
flexion of the fingers
112
the posterior branches of the brachial plexus innervate which muscle group
flexors
113
the anterior branches of the brachial plexus innervate which muscle grup
flexors
114
T1 controls
abduction and adduction of the index, middle, and ring fingers
115
the musculocutaneous n innervates
all muscles in anterior compartment of the arm
116
the median n innervates
most flexors in the forearm thenar muscles in the hand
117
the radial n innervates
all muscles in posterior compartment of arm and forearm
118
the ulnar n innervates
most intrinsic m in hand flexor carpi ulnaris medial half of flexor digitorum profunda in forearm
119
what is the flexor-supinator n of the forearm
musculocutaneous n
120
which n innervates the anterior compartment of the arm
musculocutaneous
121
what 3 muscles does the musculocutaneous n innervate
1. biceps brachii 2. brachialis 3. coracobrachialis
122
what are the 2 fxns of the biceps brachii
flexion supination
123
what is the fxn of the brachioradialis
strong flexor of the arm
124
what is the fxn of the coracobrachialis
weak adductor
125
the musculocutaneous n emerges from the **\_\_** cord of the brachial plexus, which branches from roots \_\_
lateral C5-7
126
which nerve emerges from the posterior compartment of the arm/forearm
radial nerve
127
what is the fxn of the radial n
extensor assistant supinator
128
which roots control the radial n
C5-C8
129
the radial n innervates
all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm
130
what 4 muscles does the radial n innervates
1. triceps brachii 2. extensor compartment: digiti, carpi, pollicis, indicis
131
what n is paralyzed in saturday night palsy and often with humerus fx
radial nerve
132
what nerve emerges from roots C6-T1
median nerve
133
what is the fxn of the median n
flexor pronator thumb to finger approximator
134
what muscles does the median n innervate
flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus pronator quadratus pronator teres digital flexors thenar muscles of the thumb lateral lumbricals
135
the median n innervates all the muscles of the forearm except
flexor carpi ulnaris medial half of flexor digitorum profundus
136
the median n passes thru the
carpal tunnel
137
what is the fxn of the ulnar n
finger spreader → approximator assistant forearm flexor
138
which roots does the ulnar n emerge from
C8-T1
139
what muscles does the ulnar n innervate
1. flexor carpi ulnaris 2. flexor digitorum profundus 3. flexor digiti minimi 4. adductor pollicis
140
what is froment's sign
can not hold paper btw thumb and palm or thumb and index finger → compensates w. flexor pollicis m
141
what does ABOF the LAW mean
law: muscles of the hand are supplied by the ulnar n abof the law: muscles that are supplied by the median n instead of the ulnar n
142
what are the abof the law muscles
**ab**ductor pollicis brevis **o**pponens pollicis **f**lexor pollicis longus and brevis **la**teral two lumbricals → index finger and long finger
143
the intrinsic muscles of the hand are on the
palmar surface
144
what are the intrinsic muscles
A OF A OF A: **thenar:** **ab**ductor pollicis brevis **o**pponens pollicis **f**lexor pollicis longus and brevis **a**dductor pollicis (neither thenar or hypothenar) **hypothenar:** **o**pponens digiti minimi **f**lexor digiti minimi **a**bductor digiti minimi
145
all of the muscles of the thumb are innervated by the median n, except for
adductor pollicis
146
which n innervates the adductor policis
ulnar n
147
what are the thenar muscles
flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis abductor pollicis brevis
148
what is the million dollar n
the recurrent branch to the thenar muscles
149
what is the superior border of the axilla
outer border of the 1st rib superior border of the scapula posterior border of the clavicle
150
what is the anterior border of the axilla
pectoralis major pectoralis minor anterior axillary fold
151
what is the posterior border of the axilla
subscapularis teres major latissmus posterior axillary fold
152
what is the medial border of the axilla
rib cage serratus anterior
153
what is the lateral border of the axilla
interbubercular sulcus
154
what is the floor of the axilla
armpit
155
what are the contents of the axilla
axillary artery axillary vein brachial plexus → divisions, cords, branches lymphatics and nodes tail of the breast short head of biceps brachii coracobrachialis
156
the axilla receives 75% of its drainage from
the breast
157
what cranial nerve controls the shoulder
CN XI
158
what are the 5 muscles of the arm
all contain brachi: biceps brachii brachialis coracobrachialis brachioradialis triceps brachii

A&P II - Exam 1 (3 decks)

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