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Gross Anatomy for Anesthesia > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Gluteus maximus
Innervation
Action
Hint: E-L

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

Extends hip, lateral rotation of hip

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2
Q

Tensor fasciae latae
Innervation
Action
Hint: F

A

Superior gluteal nerve

Flexes hip joint

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3
Q

Gluteus medius
Innervation
Action
Hint: A

A

Superior gluteal nerve

Abduct hip

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4
Q

Gluteus minimus
Innervation
Action
Hint: A

A

Superior gluteal nerve

Abduct hip

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5
Q

Piriformis
Innervation
Action
Hint: S

A

Anterior rami S1/S2

Stabilizes hip joint

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6
Q

Nerves: Lumbar Plexus
L1-L4
“I Invariably Get Lazy On Fridays”

A

Iliohypogastric, Ilioinguinal, Genitofemoral, Lateral femoral cutaneous, Obturator, Femoral

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7
Q

2 nerves from 1 nerve root”

A

Iliohypogastric (L1), Ilioinguinal (L1)

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8
Q

2 nerves from 2 nerve roots”

A

Genitofemoral (L1-L2), Lateral femoral cutaneous (L2-L3)

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9
Q

2 nerves from 3 nerve roots”

A

Obturator (L2-L4), Femoral (L2-L4)

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10
Q

Nerves:Sacral Plexus runs from

A

L4-S3

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11
Q

L4-S2 contributes to form what nerve

A

COMMON FIBULAR/PERONEAL nerve

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12
Q

L4-S3 contributes to form what nerve

A

TIBIAL nerve

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13
Q

Common Fibular and Tibial nerve join to become

A

SCIATIC nerve (L4-S3)

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14
Q

S1-S3 contribute to form what nerve

A

the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve

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15
Q

Sartorius
Innervation
Action
Hint: A F

A

Femoral nerve

Adducts and flexes hip joint

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16
Q

*Rectus femoris
Innervation
Action
Hint: E F

A

Femoral nerve

Extend knee joint, assists in hip flexion

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17
Q

*Vastus lateralis
*Vastus medialis
*Vastus intermedius
Innervation
Action
Hint: E

A

Femoral nerve

Extends knee joint

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18
Q

**Psoas major
Innervation
Action
Hint: F

A

Anterior rami lumbar nerves L1-L3

Hip flexion

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19
Q

**Iliacus
Innervation
Action
Hint: F

A

Femoral nerve

Hip flexion

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20
Q

Pectineus
Innervation
Action
Hint: A F

A

Femoral nerve

Adducts and flexes hip joint

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21
Q 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
Innervation 
Action
Hint: A, F
A

Obturator nerve
Adducts hip

Gracilis- Adducts hip, flexes knee

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22
Q

Obturator externus

Innervation
Action
Hint: L S

A

Obturator nerve

Laterally rotates hip joint; stabilizes acetabulum

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23
Q

Femoral Triangle

Base, Border, and Roof

A

Subfascial space
Base is the INGUINAL LIGAMENT
Medial border is the medial edge of ADDUCTOR LONGUS
Lateral border is the SARTORIUS
Apex where Sartorius crosses lateral border of adductor longus
Floor formed by ILIOPSOAS laterally and PECTINEUS medially
Roof formed by FASCIA LATA, subcutaneous tissue and skin

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24
Q

Femoral TriangleContents

A

N.A.V.Y.
Femoral nerve most lateral- lies OUTSIDE of femoral sheath
Femoral sheath is a fascial tube that contains the femoral artery in the lateral compartment, femoral vein in the intermediate compartment, and deep inguinal lymph nodes in the medial compartment

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25
Femoral nerve (L2-L4): largest branch of the lumbar plexus. Originates and Divides where?
Originates in the abdomen within the psoas major muscle After entering femoral triangle it divides into several terminal branches to the anterior thigh muscles and cutaneous innervation to anteromedial thigh
26
Saphenous nerve is the terminal end of what nerve? | Where and what does the Saphenous nerve innervate?
Terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve Runs through the adductor canal Continues to leg region to supply skin and fascia on the anteromedial aspects of the knee, leg, and foot
27
Where does the Femoral artery begin and stop
Main artery of lower extremity. Continuation of external iliac artery; becomes femoral artery at inguinal ligament Follows adductor canal and exits via adductor hiatus of Adductor magnus to become popliteal artery
28
Describe the Deep artery of the thigh (profunda femoris artery):
largest branch of femoral artery and main artery of thigh
29
Describe the Obturator artery:
branch of the internal iliac artery travels with the obturator nerve through the obturator foramen Supplies obturator externus, pectineus, adductors of thigh, and gracilis
30
Biceps femoris Innervation Action Hint: F L, E
Long head: tibial division of sciatic nerve Short head: fibular/peroneal division of sciatic nerve Flexes knee joint, rotates knee laterally, extends hip joint
31
Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Innervation Action Hint: F E M
Tibial division of sciatic nerve Extend hip joint, flex knee joint, rotate leg medially
32
Describe the Sciatic nerve (Common fibular nerve/Tibial nerve):
Enters gluteal region below Piriformis, midway between the greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity Descends to posterior thigh, lies posterior to adductor magnus and deep to the long head of biceps femoris Does not supply any structures in the gluteal region but innervates posterior thigh muscles, all leg and foot muscles, and most of the skin of the leg and foot (remember Saphenous nerve!) Divides into Common fibular nerve (lateral) and Tibial nerve (medial) in the distal third of the thigh
33
Describe the Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh):
Runs medially to Sciatic nerve | Provides cutaneous/sensory information to posterior thigh
34
Describe the Deep artery of thigh/Profunda femoris artery
Deep penetrating branch of femoral artery | supplies posterior thigh compartment muscles
35
Describe the Popliteal artery:
Enters posterior compartment once femoral artery passes through adductor hiatus of adductor magnus Supplies leg region
36
Gastrocnemius Innervation Action Hint: F F
Tibial nerve Plantar flexes ankle, flexes knee joint
37
Soleus Plantaris Innervation Action Hint: PF
Tibial nerve | Plantar flexes ankle Weakly plantar flexes
38
Popliteus Innervation Action
Tibial nerve | Weakly flexes knee
39
Flexor hallucis longus Innervation Action Hint: F
Tibial nerve | Flexes great toe
40
Flexor digitorum longus Innervation Action
Tibial nerve | Flexes lateral four digits
41
Tibialis posterior Innervation Action Hint: PF, I
Tibial nerve | Plantar flexes ankle, inverts foot
42
Describe the Tibial nerve
Largest of the two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve Runs through the popliteal fossa with popliteal vessels passing between the heads of the gastrocnemius and deep to the soleus. Continues behind medial malleolus of the tibia between the flexor hallucis longus and the flexor digitorum longus Supplies all muscles of in the posterior compartment of the leg Continues to the sole of the foot where supplies plantar nerves of the foot
43
Describe Sural Nerve:
Sural Nerve: Cutaneous sensation only Formed by the union of cutaneous branches from the tibial and common fibular/peroneal nerves Runs superficial and between the two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle, continues posterior to the lateral malleolus of fibula. Supplies skin on posterior and lateral aspects of leg and lateral side of foot
44
Describe the Posterior Tibial Artery:
Larger terminal branch of the popliteal artery Blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg Passes deep to the Soleus Runs lateral to the medial malleolus Terminates in the plantar arteries of the sole of the foot
45
Describe the Fibular Artery:
Branch of the Posterior Tibial Artery | Supplies the fibula, and posterior and lateral compartment muscles
46
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis Innervation Action Hint: Ev
Superficial fibular nerve | Evert foot
47
Tibialis anterior Innervation Action Hint: i, d
Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexes ankle; inverts foot
48
Extensor digitorum longus Innervation Action Hint: E, D
Deep fibular nerve Extends lateral four digits; dorsiflexes ankle
49
Extensor hallucis longus Innervation Action Hint: Ex, df, i
Deep fibular nerve Extends great toe; dorsiflexes ankle, inverts foot
50
Fibularis tertius Innervation Action Hint: df, ev
Deep fibular nerve Dorsiflexes ankle; eversion of foot
51
Describe Common fibular nerve
Lateral, smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve Passes superficial to lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle and winds around the fibular neck Divides into two terminal branches
52
Describe Deep fibular/peroneal nerve
One of the terminal branches of the common fibular nerve Nerve of the anterior muscle compartment Continues to dorsum of the foot Provides sensory between the great and first toes Travels with anterior tibial vessels
53
Describe Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve
Terminal branch of the common fibular nerve Supplies muscles of lateral compartment Continues as a cutaneous nerve, supplies skin on the distal part of the anterior surface of the leg and nearly all dorsum of the foot
54
Anterior tibial artery
Smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery Passes through interosseous membrane from posterior to anterior compartment to supply structure of the anterior compartment Ends at the ankle joint, midway between the malleoli where becomes
55
Dorsalis pedis artery
Dorsal artery of the foot
56
Saphenous nerve- terminal branch of femoral nerve Superficial fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve Deep fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve Sural nerve- terminal branch of the common fibular and tibial nerves *Tibial, lateral and medial plantar nerves- terminal branch of tibial nerve
Saphenous nerve- terminal branch of femoral nerve Superficial fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve Deep fibular nerve- terminal branch of common fibular nerve Sural nerve- terminal branch of the common fibular and tibial nerves *Tibial, lateral and medial plantar nerves- terminal branch of tibial nerve
57
Lateral Femoral Cutaneous (L2-L3) | Sensory and motor impairment
Lateral thigh | N/A
58
``` Obturator nerve (L2-L4) Sensory and motor impairment ```
Superior, medial thigh | Weakness in adduction that results in lateral swinging of the limb with walking due to unopposed abductors
59
``` Femoral nerve (L2-L4) Sensory and motor impairment ```
Anterior thigh, medial leg region (Saphenous nerve) | Impaired flexion of the hip and impaired extension of the leg
60
``` Saphenous nerve (distal branch of femoral) Sensory and motor impairment ```
Medial aspect of leg | N/A
61
Posterior Femoral Cutaneous (S1-S3) | Sensory and motor impairment
Posterior aspect of the thigh | N/A
62
``` Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) Sensory and motor impairment ```
Posterior thigh, lateral leg (Common peroneal nerve) and ventral and dorsal aspects of foot (tibial, deep and superficial peroneal nerve) Impaired extension at the hip and impaired flexion at the knee, loss of dorsiflexion and plantar flexion at the ankle, inversion and eversion of the foot
63
Common fibular/peroneal nerve (L4-S2) | Sensory and motor impairment
``` Lateral upper portion of the leg, dorsum of the foot Foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion) and inversion of the foot ```
64
Deep fibular/peroneal nerve (terminal branch of common fibular nerve) Sensory and motor impairment
``` Space located between the big toe and first toe Foot drop (loss of dorsiflexion) ```
65
Superficial fibular/peroneal nerve (terminal branch of common fibular nerve) Sensory and motor impairment
Lower anterior lateral leg, dorsum of the foot | Loss of foot eversion
66
``` Tibial nerve (L4-S3) Sensory and motor impairment ```
Plantar aspect of the foot, posterior lateral lower leg (sural nerve distribution) Loss of plantar flexion, impaired inversion
67
Sural nerve (terminal branch of both common fibular nerve and tibial nerve) Sensory and motor impairment
Posterior lateral lower leg | N/A

Gross Anatomy for Anesthesia (3 decks)

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