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Gross Anatomy for Anesthesia > Upper Extremity > Flashcards

Upper Extremity Flashcards

(92 cards)

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1
Q

The Pectoral Girdle is consisted of what bones and what do they form?

A
  1. Scapulae
  2. clavicles
  3. manubrium of the sternum
  4. free part of the upper limb
    To form the superior appendicular skeleton
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2
Q

Superior appendicular skeleton only articulates with the?

A

Axial skeleton at the sternoclavicular joint for great mobility

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3
Q

Pectoral girdle is supported, stabilized and propelled by?

A

The axio-appendicular muscles, which attach to the ribs, sternum, and vertebrae of the axial skeleton

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4
Q

Clavicle connects?

A

connects upper limb to axial skeleton

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5
Q

The sternal (Medial) end of the clavicle articulates with the?

A

Sternal end articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint

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6
Q

The Acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the?

A

Acromial end articulates with the acromion of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint

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7
Q

Describe the clavicle and its function.

A

Elongated S curvature which increases its resilience

Boundary for cervico-axillary canal providing protection to neurovascular bundle of the upper extremity

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8
Q

Scapula overlays what ribs?

A

Overlays the 2nd-7th ribs

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9
Q

Which border of the scapula is the thickest?

A

Lateral border is thickest

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10
Q

Glenoid cavity articulates with?

A

the head of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint

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11
Q

Describe the humerus

A

The largest bone in the upper limb

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12
Q

The radial groove of the Humerus is for

A

Radial groove for the radial nerve and profunda brachii artery

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13
Q

Describe the Ulna, its location, and function

A

Shaft is thick but tapers distally
Medial
Stabilizing bone of the forearm

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14
Q

Describe the Radius, its location, and function

A

Lateral to ulna and shorter
Shaft gradually enlarges as it passes distally
With pronation of forearm radius crosses ulna

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15
Q

List the Anterior Axio-Appendicular Muscles

A

Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Subclavius
Serratus Anterior

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16
Q

Pectoralis Major muscle- Action and Innervation

A
  • Action: Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint

- Innervation: Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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17
Q

Pectoralis Minor muscle- Action and Innervation

A
  • Action: Stabilizes scapula inferiorly and anteriorly

- Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve

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18
Q

Subclavius muscle- Action and Innervation

A

Action: Anchors clavicle
Innervation: Subclavian nerve

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19
Q

Serratus Anterior muscle- Action and Innervation

A

Action: Holds scapula to thoracic wall
Innervation: Long thoracic nerve

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20
Q

List the Posterior Axio-Appendicular Muscles

A
  1. Trapezius
  2. Latissimus dorsi
  3. Levator Scapulae
  4. Rhomboid Minor and Rhomboid Major
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21
Q

Trapezius- Action and Innervation

A
  1. Action: Superior portion- elevates; inferior portion-depresses; middle portion retracts scapula
  2. Innervation: Spinal Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
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22
Q

Latissimus dorsi- Action and Innervation

A
  1. Action: Extends, adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint
  2. Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve
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23
Q

Levator Scapulae- Action and Innervation

A

Action: Elevates scapula
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

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24
Q

Rhomboid Minor Rhomboid Major- Action and Innervation

A

Action: Retracts scapula and fix scapula to thoracic wall
Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

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25
List the Scapulohumeral Muscles
1. Deltoid (3 parts) 2. Supraspinatus* 3. Infraspinatus* 4. Teres Minor* 5. Teres Major 6. Subscapularis*
26
Deltoid (3 parts)-Action and Innervation | Acronym FLAME
Action: Flexes, laterally rotates, abducts shoulder joint, medically rotates and extends shoulder. Innervation: Axillary nerve
27
Supraspinatus*- Action and Innervation
Action: Abduction of shoulder, rotator cuff muscle Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
28
Infraspinatus*- Action and Innervation
Action-Laterally rotates shoulder joint, rotator cuff muscle | Innervation: Suprascapular nerve
29
Teres Minor*- Action and Innervation
Action: Laterally rotates shoulder cuff, rotator cuff muscle Innervation: Axillary nerve
30
Teres Major- Action and Innervation
Action: Adducts and medially rotates shoulder joint Innervation: Inferior subscapular nerve
31
Subscapularis*- Action and Innervation
Action-Medially rotates and adducts shoulder joint, rotator cuff muscle Innervation: Superior and inferior subscapular nerves
32
List the Muscles of Arm: Anterior Compartment
1. Biceps brachii 2. Brachialis 3. Coracobrachialis
33
Biceps brachii- Action and Innervation
Action: Supinates forearm and flexes elbow joint Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
34
Brachialis- Action and Innervation
Action: Flexes elbow Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
35
Coracobrachialis- Action and Innervation
Action: Flex and adduct shoulder joint Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve
36
Muscles of Arm: Posterior Compartment
Triceps brachii | Anconeus
37
Triceps brachii- Action and Innervation
Action: Extends elbow joint Innervation: Radial nerve
38
Anconeus- Action and Innervation
Action: Assists triceps Innervation: Radial nerve
39
Superficial Muscles of Forearm: Anterior Compartment
Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Palmaris Longus Flexor carpi ulnaris
40
Pronator Teres- Action and Innervation
Action- Pronates and flexes forearm | Innervation- Median nerve
41
Flexor Carpi Radialis- Action and Innervation
Action: Flexes and abducts hand at wrist Innervation: Median nerve
42
Palmaris Longus- Action and Innervation
Action: Flexes hand at wrist Innervation: Median nerve
43
Flexor carpi ulnaris- Action and Innervation
Action: Flexes and adducts hand at wrist Innervation: Ulnar nerve
44
Intermediate Muscles of Forearm: Anterior Compartment
Flexor digitorum superficialis
45
Flexor digitorum superficialis- Action and Innervation
Action: Flexes wrist joint; flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints Innervation: Median nerve
46
Deep Muscles of Forearm: Anterior Compartment
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus
47
Flexor digitorum profundus- Action and Innervation
Action: Flexes wrist joint, flexes distal interphalangeal joints (2nd-5th) Innervation: Median nerve (lateral part); Ulnar nerve (medial part)
48
Flexor pollicis longus- Action and Innervation
Action: Flexes wrist; flexes thumb Innervation: Median nerve
49
Pronator quadratus- Action and Innervation
Action: Pronates forearm Innervation: Median nerve
50
Superficial Muscles of the Forearm: Posterior Compartment
``` Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor carpi ulnaris ```
51
Supinator- Action and Innervation
Action-Supinates forearm | Innervation: Radial nerve
52
Abductor pollicis longus- Action and Innervation
Action: Extends wrist; abducts and extends the thumb Innervation: Radial nerve
53
Extensor pollicis longus- Action and Innervation
Action: Extends wrist; extends thumb Innervation: Radial nerve
54
Extensor pollicis brevis- Action and Innervation
Action: Extends wrist; extends thumb Innervation: Radial nerve
55
Extensor indicis- Action and Innervation
Extends wrist joint; extends 2nd finger | Innervation: Radial nerve
56
Innervation of the Hand
Median Nerve Ulnar Nerve Radial Nerve
57
Median Nerve action:
Abducts thumb Opposes thumb Flexes thumb Flexes metacarpophalangeal joints of the 2nd-4th fingers
58
Ulnar Nerve action
Adducts thumb Abducts 5th finger Flexes 5th finger Opposes 5th finger towards thumb
59
Radial Nerve action
Extends fingers and thumb
60
Innervation of the Upper Extremity:Brachial Plexus
Roots: anterior rami of C5-T1; pass between anterior and middle scalene muscles Trunks: named in relation to each other Divisions: anterior divisions supply the anterior (flexor) compartments of the upper limb. Posterior division supply the posterior (extensor) compartments of the upper limb. Cords: named for their position in relation to the axillary artery Branches: terminal nerves of the brachial plexus: Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar
61
Roots Trunks: inferior part of the neck, lateral border of the scalenes Trunks Divisions: cervico-axillary canal posterior to the clavicle/1st rib Divisions Cords: pectoral minor muscle Cords Terminal Branches: axilla
Roots Trunks: inferior part of the neck, lateral border of the scalenes Trunks Divisions: cervico-axillary canal posterior to the clavicle/1st rib Divisions Cords: pectoral minor muscle Cords Terminal Branches: axilla
62
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5) innervates
Rhomboid major/minor; levator scapulae muscles
63
Long Thoracic Nerve (C5-C7) innervates
Serratus anterior muscle
64
Suprascapular Nerve (Superior trunk/ C5-C6) innervates
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
65
Nerve to Subclavius (Superior trunk/ C5) innervates
Subclavius muscle
66
Dorsal Scapular Nerve (C5) innervates
Rhomboid major/minor; levator scapulae muscles
67
Suprascapular Nerve (Superior trunk/ C5-C6)
Supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles
68
Nerve to Subclavius (Superior trunk/ C5)
Subclavius muscle
69
Lateral Pectoral Nerve (C5-C7)
Pectoralis major muscle
70
Medial Pectoral Nerve (C8-T1)
Pectoralis major and minor muscles
71
Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve (C8-T1)
Sensory to the medial side of the arm
72
Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve (C8-T1)
Sensory to the medial side of the forearm
73
Superior Subscapular Nerve (C5-C6)
Subscapularis muscle
74
Thoracodorsal Nerve (C7-C8)
Latissimus dorsi muscle
75
Inferior Subscapular Nerve (C5-C6)
Subscapularis and teres major muscles
76
Musculocutaneous Nerve:
pierces the coracobrachialis muscle, supplies innervation to brachialis and biceps brachii then continues as purely sensory nerve as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.
77
Median Nerve follows:
follows the brachial artery, distal branch of the axillary artery. Median Nerve: follows course of common interosseus artery (branch of ulnar artery)
78
Ulnar Nerve course:
Courses behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus bone Ulnar Nerve: joins up with ulnar artery along medial anterior aspect forearm
79
Axillary Nerve course:
Enters posterior compartment through the quadrangular space formed by the teres minor, teres major, humerus and long head of the triceps brachii.
80
Radial Nerve:
Enters posterior compartment through the triangular interval formed by the teres major, humerus, long head and lateral head of the triceps brachii. Radial Nerve: joins up and follows the radial artery along lateral aspect forearm Radial Nerve: Deep branch of the radial nerve becomes posterior interosseous nerve
81
Injury Sensory Impairment | Motor Impairment of Ulnar nerve
Medial surface of hand/palm. Medial 1 ½ fingers. Loss of flexion at 4th and 5th fingers, loss of thumb adduction, loss ability to oppose and abduct 5th fingerà “claw hand”
82
Injury Sensory Impairment Motor Impairment of Long thoracic nerve
Paralysis of serratus anterior results in medial border of scapula to protrude away from bodyà “winged scapula”
83
Injury Sensory Impairment | Motor Impairment of Musculocutaneous nerve
Lateral surface of forearm Paralysis of coracobrachialis, biceps, brachialisà impaired flexion and supination of forearm
84
Injury Sensory Impairment | Motor Impairment of Axillary nerve
Lateral surface of shoulder Shoulder weakness, especially with abduction
85
Injury Sensory Impairment | Motor Impairment Median nerve
Anterior thumb, palmer surface, anterior first 2 ½ fingers, posterior distal joint of first 2 ½ fingers Loss of thumb opposition, decreased abduction of thumb, loss of flexion of proximal and distal interphalangeal jointsà “pope’s blessing” or “ape hand”
86
Injury Sensory Impairment | Motor Impairment of Radial nerve
Posterior surface of forearm, posterior thumb and first 2 ½ fingers (not distal joint) Paralysis of triceps, brachioradialis, supinator, extensors of the wrist and fingersà “wrist drop” (unopposed flexors)
87
Subclavian artery axillary artery brachial artery four terminal branches
Ulnar artery Radial Artery Anterior interosseous artery Posterior interosseous artery
88
Where does the Axillary Artery begin and end?
Lateral margin of the 1st rib to the inferior border of the teres major muscle
89
Where does the Brachial Artery begin and end
Inferior border of the teres major | muscle to the distal portion of the cubital fossa
90
Ulnar and Radial arteries provide collateral blood supply to
hand (palmar arch)
91
Anterior and Posterior Interosseous arteries provide blood supply to
anterior and posterior divisions of the interosseous membrane
92
Note location of arteries in relation to nerves: Radial artery radial nerve Ulnar artery ulnar nerve Anterior interosseous artery median nerve Posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (deep branch of the radial nerve)
Note location of arteries in relation to nerves: Radial artery radial nerve Ulnar artery ulnar nerve Anterior interosseous artery median nerve Posterior interosseous artery posterior interosseous nerve (deep branch of the radial nerve)

Gross Anatomy for Anesthesia (3 decks)

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