Lower Extremity Injury

Question 1

Femoral Nerve

Answer 1

L2-L4
Muscles of anterior Thigh
QUADRICEPS=knee extension, minor hip flexion
ILIOPSOAS=Hip flexion and stabilization
Pectineus=aDducts the Hip
Sartorious=aBducts the hip (cross your legs)

Question 2

Injury that can cause femoral nerve compression

Answer 2

Spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma.

Direct injury is rare unless surgery or penetrating trauma.

Question 3

Quadriceps Gait

Answer 3

Gait associated with quadriceps injury. butt shifts backward and trunk goes forward, knee locked out because cannot extend knee joint and weakened hip flexion.

Question 4

Obturator Nerve

Answer 4

L2-L4
aDducts the hip aDuctor Longus, brevis, magnus/minimus
GRacilis and obturator externus.

Question 5

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Answer 5

L4-S1
Gluteus MEDIUS and MINIMUS
aBducts the hip joint.
Keeps pelvis level when opposite leg is off the ground!
(PLanted side hip elevates and is the weak/injured side)

Question 6

Trendelenberg sign

Answer 6

Positive result indicates superior glutean nerve injury.

Planted side hip is elevated. It is the weak/injured side.

Question 7

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Answer 7

L5-S2
Gluteus MAXIMUS (Major Hip Extensor)
Leads to Gluteus Maximus Gait

Question 8

Gluteus Maximus Gait

Answer 8

Throw trunk back during heel strike phase to compensate for weak hip extension.

Question 9

Sciatic Nerve

Answer 9

L4-S3
Largest Nerve in the Body
Contains the tibial and common peroneal Nerve
Posterior Thigh muscles
Hamtrings (Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, biceps femoris)
Thigh/Hip extension as well as Knee flexion
Injury causes Genu Recurvatum gait, calf muscle atrophy, foot drop, lack of achilles reflex

Question 10

Genu REcurvatum Gait

Answer 10

Seen in hamstring injury. Knee hyperextends during mid stance phase.

Question 11

Common Peroneal Nerve

Answer 11

Acts to dorsiflex the foot, extend the toes, and evert the foot
Injury causes Foot Drop
Injury most common is fibula fracture from lateral blow to the leg.
Cant stand on heels

Question 12

Steppage Gait

Answer 12

Foot Drop leads to exagerated hip and knee flexion to avoid dragging the toes.

Question 13

Tibial Nerve

Answer 13

Innervates Gastrocnemius and Soleus (Calf)
Muscles of the foot
Plantar flexes the foot, inverts the foot, and flexes the digits
Injury leads to a foot that is dorsiflexed and everted (because lack of plantar flex and inversion)
Cant stand on tiptoes

Question 14

Mechanisms of PCL injury

Answer 14

Direct blow to anterior surface of a flexed knee (car accident knee bangs dashboard)

Question 15

Anterior Drawer Test

Answer 15

Used to assess possible ACL injury along with Lachman test.

Question 16

Lachman Test

Answer 16

Used for ACL injury as well as Anterior Drawer

Question 17

Valgus stress test

Answer 17

Used to test MCL injury

Question 18

Varus Stress Test

Answer 18

Used to assess an LCL injury

Question 19

Posterior Drawer test

Answer 19

Used to assess PCL injury