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Gross Anatomy - Snell's > Lower Extremity - Leg > Flashcards

Lower Extremity - Leg Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Largest sesamoid bone -
triangular in shape where apex lies inferiorly

A

Patella

Kneecap - bone that sits on top of the knee joint

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2
Q

The patella bone lies within what muscle?

(infront of the knee joint)

A

Quadriceps femoris

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3
Q

The patella is connected to the tibia by what ligament

A

Patellar ligament or ligamentum patellae

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3
Q

Lies superficial to the patella (infront), deep to the skin (behind)

A

prepatellar bursa

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4
Q

Large weight-bearing MEDIAL bone of the leg

A

Tibia

Articulations:
- ABOVE: condyles of the femur & head of the fibula
- BELOW: distal end of the fibula & talus

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5
Q

Slender LATERAL bone of the leg

Provides attachment for muscles BUT takes no part in body weight transmission

A

Fibula

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6
Q

True or False

Both the tibia and fibula has an expanded upper end, shaft, and smaller lower end

A

TRUE

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7
Q

The largest and most complex joint is the knee joint

what are its 2 main parts?

A
  1. paired condylar joints (medial & lateral) between femur and tibia
  2. gliding joint between patella and patellar surface of the femur
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8
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A
  • Synovial HINGE joint: between femur and tibia
  • Synovial GLIDING joint: between patella and femur
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9
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A
  • Synovial HINGE joint: between femur and tibia
  • Synovial GLIDING joint: between patella and femur
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10
Q

Fibrous lining that surrounds the articular surface of the knee joint at the sides and posterior area

A

Capsule

Anteriorly, the capsule is absent which allows the synovial membrane to pouch upward forming the suprapatellar bursa

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11
Q

The knee joint capsule is strengthened by

A

Laterally: vastus lateralis and medialis
Posteriorlly: oblique popliteal ligament

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12
Q

Enumerate the extracapsular ligaments of the knee joint

A
  • ligamentum patellae (patellar ligament)
  • lateral collateral ligament
  • medial collateral ligament
  • oblique popliteal ligament
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13
Q

Extracapsular ligament of the knee joint:

A continuation of the central portion of the common tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle

Plays an important role in the extension (STANDING) of the knee

A

Ligamentum patellae

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14
Q

Extracapsular ligament of the knee:

The oblique popliteal ligament is derived from what muscle

A

Semimembranosus muscle

OPL strengthens the posterior aspect of the capsule

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15
Q

Extracapsular ligament of the knee:

Prevents excessive varus

A

Lateral collateral ligament

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16
Q

Extracapsular ligament of the knee:

Prevents excessive valgus

The most important ligament of the 4 - extracapsular ligament

A

Medial collateral ligament

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17
Q

Enumerate the intracapsular ligaments

A
  • posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
  • anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
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18
Q

Intracapsular ligament of the knee:

Prevents posterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

When knee joint is flexed, the ligament prevents the tibia from being pulled anteriorly relative to the femur

A

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

From anterior > upward, backward, lateral

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19
Q

Intracapsular ligament of the knee

Prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

When knee joint is flexed, this ligament prevents tibia from being pushed posteriorly relative to the femur

A

Posterior cruciate ligament

From posterior > upward, FORWARD, medial

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20
Q

C-shaped sheets of fibrocartilage

Function to:
- deepen the articular surfaces for better fitting
- cushion between 2 bones
- distribute forces

A

Menisci

  • peripheral border is thick and centrally thin
  • concave and forms free edge
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21
Q

Which menisci is:
(1) more prone to tears; attaches to the medial collateral ligament
(2) more mobile

A

(1) medial meniscus
(2) lateral meniscus

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22
Q

Enumerate the Nerve Supply of the knee joint

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. femoral nerve
  2. obturator nerve
  3. common fibular nerve
  4. tibial nerve
23
Q

Enumerate the movements of the knee joint

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. flexion
  2. extension
  3. lateral rotation
  4. medial rotation
24
Popliteal fossa is the diamond-shaped intermuscular **space** at the back of the knee What are its contents? ## Footnote More prominent when knee joint is flexed
Vessels: - popliteal artery & veins - small saphenous vein Nerves: - common fibular nerve - tibial nerve - posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh - obturator nerve (genicular branch) Others: - connective tissue - lymph nodes
25
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
POSTERIOR WALL: * skin * superficial fascia * deep fascia of the thigh ANTERIOR WALL: * popliteal surface of the femur * capsule of the knee joint * popliteus muscle MEDIALLY (superior to inferior): * semimembranosus and semitendinosus * gastrocnemius - medial head LATERALLY (superior to inferior): * biceps femoris * gastrocnemius - lateral head * plantaris
26
Muscle of the **popliteal fossa** plays a key role in the movement of the knee joint - flexes the knee and lateral/medial rotation ## Footnote *Lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia when the foor is on the ground is referred to as **unlocking the knee joint***
Popliteus Muscle
27
Blood supply of the popliteal fossa
popliteal artery - from the femoral artery - divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries - enters via the adductor hiatus
28
Venous drainage of the popliteal fossa
Popliteal vein (junctions of the venae comitantes of the ant. and post. tibial arteries > * > femoral vein)
29
Receive lymph from the - lateral side of the foot and leg - knee joint ## Footnote accompany small saphenous vein in popliteal fossa
Popliteal Lymph Vessels
30
Nerve supply of the popliteal fossa
1. posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh 2. obturtaor nerve 3. common peroneal nerve 4. tibial nerve
31
Largest terminal branch of the sciatic nerve ## Footnote - arises in the lower 3rd of the thigh - enters posterior compartment of the leg passing beneath soleus muscle
Tibal nerve
32
Smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve ## Footnote - arises in the lower 3rd of the thigh
Common peroneal nerve
33
Nerves that terminates by supplying the skin over the popliteal fossa
Posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
34
Posterior division leaves subsartorial canal with femoral artery through adductor hiatus It terminates by supplying the knee joint
Obturator nerve
35
What strutures divide the leg into 3 compartments namely: anterior, posterior, and lateral
- interosseous membrane - (2) intermuscular septa, *continuation of the deep fascia of the thigh*
36
Thickening of the deep fascia at the ankle area Funtions to: - keep the long tendons around the ankle joint in position - prevent the long tendons from bowstringing - act as pulley
Ankle Retinacula
37
Enumerate the ankle retinacula
1. superior extensor retinaculum 2. inferior extensor retinaculum 3. flexor retinaculum 4. superior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum 5. inferior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum
38
# Ankle Retinacula: attached to the distal ends of the anterior borders of the fibula and the tibia
Superior extensor retinaculum
39
# Ankle Retinacula: Y-shaped band - Located in front of the ankle joint - Fibrous bands separate the tendons into sompartments lined by synovial sheath
Inferior Extensor Retinaculum
40
- extends downward and backward from the medial malleolus to attach to the medial surface of the calcaneum - binds the tendons of the deep muscles of the back of the leg to the back of the medial malleolus - lie in compartments lined by a synovial sheath
Flexor retinaculum
41
- connects the lateral malleolus to the lateral surface of the calcaneum - binds the tendons of the fibularis longus and brevis to the back of the lateral malleolus - have a common synovial sheath
Superior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum
42
- binds the tendons of the fibularis longus and brevis muscles to the lateral side of the calcaneum - tendons each possess a synovial sheath, that is continuous above with the common sheath
Inferior Fibular (Peroneal) Retinaculum
43
Contents of the Anterior fascial compartments of the leg
MUSCLES: * tibialis anterior * extensor digitorum longus * fibularis tertius * extensor hallucis longus BLOOD SUPPLY: * anterior tibial artery NERVE SUPPLY: * deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
44
Smaller terminal branch of the popliteal artery, becomes the **dorsalis pedis artery** in front of the ankle joint after passing the level of the malleoli
anterior tibial artery ## Footnote After passing deep to the superior extensor retinaculum: - medial side - tendon of the **extensor hallucis longus** - lateral side - **deep fibular (peroneal) nerve** and tendon of the **extensor digitorum longus**
45
One of the terminal branches of the **common fibular (peroneal) nerve** - passes deep to the extensor retinacula and continues into the foot
Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve ## Footnote Branches: * **Muscular branch** to the anterior compartment * **Articular branch** to the ankle joint
46
Contents of the lateral fascial compartments of the leg
MUSCLES * fibularis longus * fibularis brevis BLOOD SUPPLY * branches from the fibular artery NERVE SUPPLY * superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve
47
Branches of the popliteal artery
1. anterior tibial artery 2. posterior tibial artery 3. fibular artery
48
One of the branches of the **common fibular (peroneal) nerve** descends between the fibularis longus and brevis muscles and becomes cutaneous in the lower part of the leg
Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve ## Footnote Branches * **Muscular branch** to the lateral compartment * **Cutaneous branch**
49
Contents of the Posterior fascial compartments of the leg
MUSCLES-superficial group: * gastrocnemius * plantaris * soleus MUSCLES-deep group: * popliteus * flexor digitorum longus * flexor hallucis longus * tibialis posterior BLOOD SUPPLY: * posterior tibial artery NERVE SUPPLY: * tibial nerve
50
Branches of the posterior tibial artery:
1. fibular artery 2. muscular branches 3. nutrient artery to the tibia 4. anastomotic branches 5. medial plantar arteries 6. lateral plantar arteries 6. venae comitantes
51
Which vessel give rise to the medial plantar arteries
Posterior tibial artery
52
Where is the ligamentum patellae attached
tibial tuberosity
53
Vessel anterior to the medial malleolus
Great saphenous vein
54
Vessel posterior to the lateral malleolus
small saphenous vein

Gross Anatomy - Snell's (35 decks)

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