Lower extremity muscles

Question 1

tensor fascia latae

Answer 1

Origin: ASIS, anterior part of iliac crest
Distal Attachment: lateral condyle of tibia
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Action: abducts, medially rotates and flexes thigh

Question 2

gluteus maximus

Answer 2

Origin: ilium
Insertion: iliotibial tract
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve
Action: extends thigh and assists in lateral rotation

Question 3

Gluteus Medius

Answer 3

Origin: ilium
Insertion: lateral greater trochanter
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Action: abduct and medially rotate thigh

Question 4

Gluteus minimus

Answer 4

Origin: ilium
Insertion: anterior greater trochanter
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve
Action: abduct and medially rotate thigh

Question 5

Piriformis

Answer 5

Origin: anterior sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament
Insertion: superior greater trochanter
Innervation: ventral rami S1 and S2
Action: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh

Question 6

Obturator internus

Answer 6

Origin: pelvic surface of obturator membrane
Insertion: medial greater trochanter
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus
Action: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh

Question 7

superior gemelli

Answer 7

Origin: ischial spine
Insertion: medial greater trochanter
Innervation: nerve to obturator internus
Action: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh

Question 8

inferior gemelli

Answer 8

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial greater trochanter
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris
Action: laterally rotate extended thigh and abduct flexed thigh

Question 9

quadratus femoris

Answer 9

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur
Innervation: nerve to quadratus femoris
Action: laterally rotates thigh

Question 10

sartorius

Answer 10

Origin: ASIS
Insertion: medial tibia
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: flexes thigh and knee

Question 11

Rectus femoris

Answer 11

Origin: AIIS; ilium
Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: extension of the leg, flexion of the thigh

Question 12

vastus intermedius

Answer 12

Origin: proximal femur
Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: extension of leg

Question 13

vastus lateralis

Answer 13

Origin: lateral greater trochanter
Insertion: patella and tibial tuberosity
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: extension of leg

Question 14

vastus medialis

Answer 14

Origin: proximal femur
Insertion: patella tibial tuberosity
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: extension of leg

Question 15

psoas major

Answer 15

Origin: bodies and processes of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Innervation: ventral rami L2-L4
Action: flexion of thigh

Question 16

iliacus

Answer 16

Origin: iliac fossa
Insertion: lesser trochanter
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: flexion of thigh

Question 17

pectineus

Answer 17

Origin: superior pubic ramus
Insertion: pectineal line of femur
Innervation: femoral nerve
Action: adducts and flexes thigh

Question 18

adductor longus

Answer 18

Origin: pubic tubercle
Insertion: linea aspera
Innervation: obturator nerve
Action: adducts thigh

Question 19

adductor brevis

Answer 19

Origin: body and inferior ramus of pubis
Insertion: pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
Innervation: obturator nerve
Action: adducts and flexes thigh

Question 20

adductor magnus

Answer 20

Origin: inferior ramus of pubis; ischial tuberosity
Insertion: linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur
Innervation: obturator nerve (anterior fibers); sciatic nerve (posterior fibers)
Action: adduction of thigh; flexion of thigh (anterior fibers), extension of thigh (posterior fibers)

Question 21

gracilis

Answer 21

Origin: inferior pubic ramus
Insertion: superior medial surface of tibia
Innervation: obturator nerve
Action: adducts thigh, flexes knee

Question 22

obturator externus

Answer 22

Origin: obturator membrane
Insertion: trochanteric fossa
Innervation: obturator nerve
Action: laterally rotates thigh

Question 23

semitendinosus

Answer 23

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: superior part of tibia
Innervation: tibial division of sciatic nerve
Action: extends the thigh and flexes the knee

Question 24

semimembranosus

Answer 24

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: medial condyle of tibia
Innervation: tibial division of the sciatic nerve
Action: extends the thigh and flexes the knee

Question 25

biceps femoris

Answer 25

Origin: long head-ischial tuberosity short head-linea aspera Insertion: head of the fibula Innervation: long head- sciatic nerve (tibial division), short head- sciatic nerve (common fiubular division) Action: extension of the hip (long head), flexion of the knee

Question 26

tibialis anterior

Answer 26

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia Insertion: medial cuneiform bone and base of first metatarsal Innervation: deep fibular nerve Action: dorsiflexion and inversion

Question 27

extensor hallicus longus

Answer 27

Origin: anterior fibula Insertion: base of distal phalanx of hallux Innervation: deep fibular nerve Action: extends great toe and dorsiflexion

Question 28

extensor digitorum longus

Answer 28

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia, anterior fibula Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits Innervation: deep fibular nerve Action: extends lateral four digits and dorsiflexion

Question 29

fibularis tertius

Answer 29

Origin: inferior anterior fibula Insertion: base of fifth metatarsal Innervation: deep fibular nerve Action: dorsiflexion and aides in eversion

Question 30

fibularis longus

Answer 30

Origin: superior fibula Insertion: base of 1st metatarsal bone and medial cuneiform bone Innervation: superficial fibular nerve Action: eversion and weak plantarflexion

Question 31

fibularis brevis

Answer 31

Origin: inferior fibula Insertion: base of 5th metatarsal Innervation: superficial fibular nerve Action: eversion and weak plantarflexion

Question 32

popliteus

Answer 32

Origin: lateral condyle of femur Insertion: posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line Innervation: tibial nerve Action: weakly flexes knee and rotates tibia on femur

Question 33

flexor hallicus longus

Answer 33

Origin: inferior fibula Insertion: base of distal phalanx of hallux Innervation: tibial nerve Action: flexes great toe, plantarflexes foot

Question 34

flexor digitorum longus

Answer 34

Origin: inferior tibia Insertion: bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits Innervation: tibial nerve Action: flexes lateral four digits and plantarflexes

Question 35

tibialis posterior

Answer 35

Origin: posterior tibia and fibula Insertion: navicular, cuneiform, and cuboid bones; bases of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th metatarsal bones Innervation: tibial nerve Action: plantarflexes and inverts

Question 36

gastrocnemius

Answer 36

Origin: lateral head-lateral condyle of femur medial head-medial condyle of femur Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus Innervation: tibial nerve Action: plantarflexion

Question 37

soleus

Answer 37

Origin: superior fibula and medial tibia Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus Innervation: tibial nerve Action: plantarflexion

Question 38

plantaris

Answer 38

Origin: lateral supracondylar line of femur Insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus Innervation: tibial nerve Action: weakly assists plantarflexion

Question 39

tarsal tunnel

Answer 39

``` Tom Dick and A Very Nervous Harry Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus posterior tibial Artery posterior tibial Vein tibial Nerve flexor Hallucis longus ```

Question 40

sciatic nerve

Answer 40

Sciatic - tibial - common fibular - superficial fibular - deep fibular

Question 41

fossa ovalis

Answer 41

great saphenous vein drains in to femoral vein

Question 42

great saphenous system

Answer 42

medial malleolus to femoral vein

Question 43

lesser saphenous system

Answer 43

lateral malleolus to popliteal vein

Question 44

femoral triangle

Answer 44

``` lateral to medial NAVEL femoral Nerve femoral Artery femoral Vein Empty space femoral Lymphatics ```

Question 45

femoral artery

Answer 45

- continuation of external iliac - becomes popliteal artery at adductor hiatus - femoral profunda branches

Question 46

femoral profunda branches

Answer 46

lateral and medial femoral circumflex

Question 47

popliteal artery

Answer 47

divides in to anterior and posterior tibial arteries inferior to the popliteus