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anatomy 214 > Lower leg > Flashcards

Lower leg Flashcards

1
Q

The lower leg is divided into compartments, formed via

A

the anterior and posterior intermuscular septa.

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2
Q

The compartments formed:

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

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3
Q

Anterior compartment also called

A

extensor compartment

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4
Q

Anterior compartment located

A

anterior to interosseous membrane

Inferiorly

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5
Q

retinaculum found just above the ankle joint

A
  1. Superior extensor retinaculum

2. Inferior extensor retinaculum

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6
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment:

A 
[Extensors]
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorium longus
Extensor halucis longus
Fibularis tertius
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7
Q

Anterior compartment artery and vein

A

Anterior tibial

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8
Q

Anterior tibial becomes

A

the dorsalis pedis in the foot

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9
Q

Anterior compartment all supplied by

A

Deep fibular nerve

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10
Q
A

Tibialis anterior

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11
Q

Tibialis anterior proximal attachment

A

Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia
interosseous membrane
(upper 2/3 of the latreral surface of the tibia)

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12
Q

Tibialis anterior distal attachment

A

Medial ant inferior surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

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13
Q

Tibialis anterior nerve

A

Deep fibular nerve

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14
Q

Tibialis anterior action

A

Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

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15
Q
A

Extensor digitorium longus

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16
Q

Extensor digitorium longus nerve supply

A

Deep fibular nerve

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17
Q

Extensor digitorium longus proximal attachment

A

Lateral condyle of the tibia
head of the fibula
upper2/3 of the anterior surface of the fibula

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18
Q

Extensor digitorium longus distal attachment

A

Tops of the middle and distal phalanges of the lesser toes

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19
Q

Extensor digitorium longus action

A
  • Extension of the 4 lesser toes at the metatarsophalangeal,proximal and distal intephalangeal joints.
  • Dorsiflexion of the ankle
  • Eversion of the foot
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20
Q
A

Extensor hallucis longus

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21
Q

Extensor hallucis longus nerve supply

A

Deep fibular nerve

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22
Q

Extensor hallucis longus proximal attachment

A

Middle 2/3 of the medial surface of the anterior fibula

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23
Q

Extensor hallucis longus distal attachment

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

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24
Q

Extensor hallucis longus action

A
  • Dorsiflexion of the ankle
  • Extension of the great toe at the metatrsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
  • Weak inversion of the foot
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25
Q

Lateral compartment

A

Also called the averter compartment

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26
Q

Lateral compartment muscles

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

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27
Q

Lateral compartment muscles
Fibularis longus
Fibularis Brevis
Share what?

A

Nerve supply: Superficial fibular

Action:Eversion of the foot, Plantar flexion of the ankle

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28
Q

Lateral compartment arteries

A

Branches of anterior tibial

Branches of fibular

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29
Q
A

Fibularis longus

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30
Q

Fibularis longus nerve supply

A

Superficial fibular

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31
Q

Fibularis longus proximal attachment

A

Head and upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula

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32
Q

Fibularis longus distal attachment

A

Undersurfaces of the medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bones

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33
Q

Fibularis longus action

A

Action
Eversion of the foot
Plantar flexion of the ankle

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34
Q
A

Fibularis brevis

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35
Q

Fibularis brevis nerve supply

A

Superficial fibular

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36
Q

Fibularis brevis proximal attachment

A

Lower 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula

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37
Q

Fibularis brevis distal attachment

A

Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone

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38
Q

Fibularis brevis action

A

Eversion of the foot

Plantar flexion of the ankle

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39
Q

Posterior compartment

A

Also called the plantar flexor compartment

  • Largest compartment
  • Also contains flexor retinaculum
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40
Q

Posterior compartment Superficial group

A
  • Gastrocnemius
  • Soleus
  • Plantaris
  • Gastrocnemius
41
Q

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

A

Triceps surae

42
Q

Gastrocnemius and soleus

A

calcaneal tendon

43
Q

Posterior compartment deep group

A

Popliteus
Flexor digitorium longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

44
Q

All posterior muscles (flexors) supplied by the same nerve

A

tibial nerve

45
Q
A

Gastrocnemius

46
Q

Gastrocnemius proximal attachment

A

Medial head: posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle

Lateral head: posterior surface of the lateral condyle

47
Q

Gastrocnemius distal attachment

A

Posterior surface of the calcaneus

48
Q

Gastrocnemius action

A

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Flexion of the knee

49
Q

Gastrocnemius nerve supply

A

Tibial n

50
Q
A

Soleus

51
Q

Soleus proximal attachment

A
  • Posterior surface of the proximal fibula

- proximal 2/3 of the posterior tibial surface

52
Q

Soleus distal attachment

A

Posterior surface of the calcaneus

53
Q

Soleus action

A

Plantar flexion of the ankle

54
Q

Soleus nerve supply

A

Tibial n

55
Q
A

Plantaris

56
Q

Plantaris proximal attachment

A

Lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius

57
Q

Plantaris distal attachment

A

Calcaneus tendon

58
Q

Plantaris action

A

Weakly plantar flexion of the ankle joint

Flexion of the knee joint

59
Q

Plantaris nerve supply

A

Tibial nerve

60
Q
A

Popliteus

61
Q

Popliteus proximal attachment

A

Posterior surface of lateral condyle of the femur

62
Q

Popliteus distal attachment

A

Upper posterior medial surface of tibia

63
Q

Popliteus action

A
  • Internal rotation of the knee as it flexes

- flexion of the knee

64
Q

Popliteus nerve supply

A

Tibial nerve

65
Q
A

Flexor digitorium longus

66
Q

Flexor digitorium longus proximal attachment

A

Middle 1/3 of the posterior surface of the tibia

67
Q

Flexor digitorium longus distal attachment

A

Base of the distal phalanx of toes 2-5

68
Q

Flexor digitorium longus action

A

Flexion of toes 2-5 at the metatarsophalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints.
Plantar flexion of the ankle
Inversion of the foot

69
Q

Flexor digitorium longus nerve supply

A

Tibial nerve

70
Q
A

Flexor hallucis longus

71
Q

Flexor hallucis longus nerve supply

A

Tibial nerve

72
Q

Flexor hallucis longus proximal attachment

A

Middle 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula

73
Q

Flexor hallucis longus distal attachment

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the big toe plantar surface

74
Q

Flexor hallucis longus action

A

Flexion of the graet toe at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.
Plantar flexion of the ankle
Inversion of the foot

75
Q
A

Tibialis posterior

76
Q

Tibialis posterior proximal attachment

A

Posterior surface of the upper ½ of the interosseous membrane and adjacent surface of the tibia and fibula

77
Q

Tibialis posterior distal attachment

A

Lower inner surface of the navicular and cuneiform bones and bases of the 2-5 metatarsal bones

78
Q

Tibialis posterior action

A

Plantar flexion of the ankle

Inversion of the foot

79
Q

Tibialis posterior nerve supply

A

Tibial nerve

80
Q
A

Achilles tendon

81
Q

Achilles tendon is formed by

A

the tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles

82
Q

Nerves that run through the Posterior compartment

A
  1. Tibial
  2. Medial sural cutaneous
  3. Common fibular
83
Q

Arteries that run through the Posterior compartment

A
  1. Posterior tibial
  2. Fibular
  3. Circumflex fibular
84
Q

posterior tibial Artery and tibial Nerve location and muscles

A

near medial malleolus (tibia)

  • Tibialis posterior
  • flexor Digitorium longus
  • flexor Hallucis longus
85
Q

Tibial nerve and _____ runs together in the lower leg

A

posterior tibial artery

86
Q
A
87
Q

Veins in the lower leg

A
  • Long saphenous vein

- short saphenous vein

88
Q

where is the popliteal fossa found?

A

Posterior of the knee

89
Q

Boundaries of the popliteal fossa

A
90
Q

Knee joint

A
  • Largest and very complex
  • Combined function of weight-bearing and
    locomotion
    >considerable stress and strain on joint
  • Powerful extensor and flexor muscles as
    well as powerful ligaments
91
Q

Bones that form part of the knee joint

A
  • Femur
  • Tibia - carry more weight than the fibula
  • Fibula - serves as attachment for
    important joint structures
    Patella - function: creating an improved
    angle of pull for the quadriceps
    muscle group and patellar tendon
    Bony landmarks to know:
    - superior and inferior poles of the
    patella
    • tibial tuberosity
    • Medial and lateral femoral condyles
    • Upper anterior medial surface of the
      tibia
    • Head of the fibula
      1. Meniscus in the joint
  • enhancing stability
    Medial meniscus for medial femoral
    condyle
    Lateral meniscus for lateral femoral
    condyle
92
Q

What type of joint is the knee joint?

A

Synovial - Hinge joint

93
Q

Important ligaments of the knee joint

- provide static stability

A
  1. Anterior and posterior cruciate
    ligaments:
    maintain the anterior (ACL) and posterior (PCL) ligaments– stability of the joint and rotation stability
  2. Medial side of knee:
    tibial (medial) collateral ligament (MCL)
  3. Lateral side of the knee:
    fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL)
  4. Oblique popliteal ligament
  5. Arcuate popliteal ligament
94
Q

+/- bursa in the knee joint

A

10

95
Q

Knee joint movements

A
  1. flexion
    1. Extension
    2. External rotation
    3. Internal rotation
96
Q

Primary knee extension muscles

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Rectis lateralis
Vastus intermedius

97
Q

Primary knee flexion muscles

A 
Biceps femoris
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosos 
Sarrtorius
Gracilis
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
98
Q

Nerves of the knee joint

A

Femoral n
Tibial division of the sciatic n
Fibularus (peroneal) n

anatomy 214 (7 decks)

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