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anatomy 214 > Lower leg > Flashcards

Lower leg Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

The lower leg is divided into compartments, formed via

A

the anterior and posterior intermuscular septa.

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2
Q

The compartments formed:

A

Anterior
Posterior
Lateral

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3
Q

Anterior compartment also called

A

extensor compartment

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4
Q

Anterior compartment located

A

anterior to interosseous membrane

Inferiorly

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5
Q

retinaculum found just above the ankle joint

A
  1. Superior extensor retinaculum

2. Inferior extensor retinaculum

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6
Q

Muscles of the anterior compartment:

A 
[Extensors]
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorium longus
Extensor halucis longus
Fibularis tertius
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7
Q

Anterior compartment artery and vein

A

Anterior tibial

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8
Q

Anterior tibial becomes

A

the dorsalis pedis in the foot

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9
Q

Anterior compartment all supplied by

A

Deep fibular nerve

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10
Q
A

Tibialis anterior

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11
Q

Tibialis anterior proximal attachment

A

Lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia
interosseous membrane
(upper 2/3 of the latreral surface of the tibia)

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12
Q

Tibialis anterior distal attachment

A

Medial ant inferior surface of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

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13
Q

Tibialis anterior nerve

A

Deep fibular nerve

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14
Q

Tibialis anterior action

A

Dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

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15
Q
A

Extensor digitorium longus

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16
Q

Extensor digitorium longus nerve supply

A

Deep fibular nerve

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17
Q

Extensor digitorium longus proximal attachment

A

Lateral condyle of the tibia
head of the fibula
upper2/3 of the anterior surface of the fibula

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18
Q

Extensor digitorium longus distal attachment

A

Tops of the middle and distal phalanges of the lesser toes

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19
Q

Extensor digitorium longus action

A
  • Extension of the 4 lesser toes at the metatarsophalangeal,proximal and distal intephalangeal joints.
  • Dorsiflexion of the ankle
  • Eversion of the foot
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20
Q
A

Extensor hallucis longus

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21
Q

Extensor hallucis longus nerve supply

A

Deep fibular nerve

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22
Q

Extensor hallucis longus proximal attachment

A

Middle 2/3 of the medial surface of the anterior fibula

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23
Q

Extensor hallucis longus distal attachment

A

Base of the distal phalanx of the great toe

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24
Q

Extensor hallucis longus action

A
  • Dorsiflexion of the ankle
  • Extension of the great toe at the metatrsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
  • Weak inversion of the foot
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25
Lateral compartment
Also called the averter compartment
26
Lateral compartment muscles
Fibularis longus | Fibularis brevis
27
Lateral compartment muscles Fibularis longus Fibularis Brevis Share what?
Nerve supply: Superficial fibular | Action:Eversion of the foot, Plantar flexion of the ankle
28
Lateral compartment arteries
Branches of anterior tibial | Branches of fibular
29
Fibularis longus
30
Fibularis longus nerve supply
Superficial fibular
31
Fibularis longus proximal attachment
Head and upper 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula
32
Fibularis longus distal attachment
Undersurfaces of the medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal bones
33
Fibularis longus action
Action Eversion of the foot Plantar flexion of the ankle
34
Fibularis brevis
35
Fibularis brevis nerve supply
Superficial fibular
36
Fibularis brevis proximal attachment
Lower 2/3 of the lateral surface of the fibula
37
Fibularis brevis distal attachment
Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal bone
38
Fibularis brevis action
Eversion of the foot | Plantar flexion of the ankle
39
Posterior compartment
Also called the plantar flexor compartment - Largest compartment - Also contains flexor retinaculum
40
Posterior compartment Superficial group
- Gastrocnemius - Soleus - Plantaris - Gastrocnemius
41
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
Triceps surae
42
Gastrocnemius and soleus
calcaneal tendon
43
Posterior compartment deep group
Popliteus Flexor digitorium longus Flexor hallucis longus Tibialis posterior
44
All posterior muscles (flexors) supplied by the same nerve
tibial nerve
45
Gastrocnemius
46
Gastrocnemius proximal attachment
Medial head: posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle Lateral head: posterior surface of the lateral condyle
47
Gastrocnemius distal attachment
Posterior surface of the calcaneus
48
Gastrocnemius action
Plantar flexion of the ankle | Flexion of the knee
49
Gastrocnemius nerve supply
Tibial n
50
Soleus
51
Soleus proximal attachment
- Posterior surface of the proximal fibula | - proximal 2/3 of the posterior tibial surface
52
Soleus distal attachment
Posterior surface of the calcaneus
53
Soleus action
Plantar flexion of the ankle
54
Soleus nerve supply
Tibial n
55
Plantaris
56
Plantaris proximal attachment
Lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius
57
Plantaris distal attachment
Calcaneus tendon
58
Plantaris action
Weakly plantar flexion of the ankle joint | Flexion of the knee joint
59
Plantaris nerve supply
Tibial nerve
60
Popliteus
61
Popliteus proximal attachment
Posterior surface of lateral condyle of the femur
62
Popliteus distal attachment
Upper posterior medial surface of tibia
63
Popliteus action
- Internal rotation of the knee as it flexes | - flexion of the knee
64
Popliteus nerve supply
Tibial nerve
65
Flexor digitorium longus
66
Flexor digitorium longus proximal attachment
Middle 1/3 of the posterior surface of the tibia
67
Flexor digitorium longus distal attachment
Base of the distal phalanx of toes 2-5
68
Flexor digitorium longus action
Flexion of toes 2-5 at the metatarsophalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints. Plantar flexion of the ankle Inversion of the foot
69
Flexor digitorium longus nerve supply
Tibial nerve
70
Flexor hallucis longus
71
Flexor hallucis longus nerve supply
Tibial nerve
72
Flexor hallucis longus proximal attachment
Middle 2/3 of the posterior surface of the fibula
73
Flexor hallucis longus distal attachment
Base of the distal phalanx of the big toe plantar surface
74
Flexor hallucis longus action
Flexion of the graet toe at the metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. Plantar flexion of the ankle Inversion of the foot
75
Tibialis posterior
76
Tibialis posterior proximal attachment
Posterior surface of the upper ½ of the interosseous membrane and adjacent surface of the tibia and fibula
77
Tibialis posterior distal attachment
Lower inner surface of the navicular and cuneiform bones and bases of the 2-5 metatarsal bones
78
Tibialis posterior action
Plantar flexion of the ankle | Inversion of the foot
79
Tibialis posterior nerve supply
Tibial nerve
80
Achilles tendon
81
Achilles tendon is formed by
the tendons of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles
82
Nerves that run through the Posterior compartment
1. Tibial 2. Medial sural cutaneous 3. Common fibular
83
Arteries that run through the Posterior compartment
1. Posterior tibial 2. Fibular 3. Circumflex fibular
84
posterior tibial Artery and tibial Nerve location and muscles
near medial malleolus (tibia) - Tibialis posterior - flexor Digitorium longus - flexor Hallucis longus
85
Tibial nerve and _____ runs together in the lower leg
posterior tibial artery
86
87
Veins in the lower leg
- Long saphenous vein | - short saphenous vein
88
where is the popliteal fossa found?
Posterior of the knee
89
Boundaries of the popliteal fossa
90
Knee joint
- Largest and very complex - Combined function of weight-bearing and locomotion >considerable stress and strain on joint - Powerful extensor and flexor muscles as well as powerful ligaments
91
Bones that form part of the knee joint
- Femur - Tibia - carry more weight than the fibula - Fibula - serves as attachment for important joint structures Patella - function: creating an improved angle of pull for the quadriceps muscle group and patellar tendon Bony landmarks to know: - superior and inferior poles of the patella - tibial tuberosity - Medial and lateral femoral condyles - Upper anterior medial surface of the tibia - Head of the fibula 6. Meniscus in the joint - enhancing stability Medial meniscus for medial femoral condyle Lateral meniscus for lateral femoral condyle
92
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Synovial - Hinge joint
93
Important ligaments of the knee joint | - provide static stability
1. Anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments: maintain the anterior (ACL) and posterior (PCL) ligaments-- stability of the joint and rotation stability 2. Medial side of knee: tibial (medial) collateral ligament (MCL) 3. Lateral side of the knee: fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL) 4. Oblique popliteal ligament 5. Arcuate popliteal ligament
94
+/- bursa in the knee joint
10
95
Knee joint movements
1. flexion 2. Extension 3. External rotation 4. Internal rotation
96
Primary knee extension muscles
Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Rectis lateralis Vastus intermedius
97
Primary knee flexion muscles
``` Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosos Sarrtorius Gracilis Popliteus Gastrocnemius ```
98
Nerves of the knee joint
Femoral n Tibial division of the sciatic n Fibularus (peroneal) n

anatomy 214 (7 decks)

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