Lower Leg

Question 1

Borders of tibia shaft

Answer 1

anterior, medial and lateral

Question 2

Surfaces of tibia shaft

Answer 2

medial, lateral, posterior

Question 3

Distal tibia surfaces

Answer 3

5-anterior, posterior, medial, lateral and inferior

Question 4

What surface of the distal tibia forms the fibular notch?

Answer 4

lateral surface

Question 5

The anterior surface of the distal tibia is continuous with what?

Answer 5

lateral tibial shaft

Question 6

What are the borders of the fibula shaft?

Answer 6

anteromedial, anterolateral, posterolateral, posteromedial

Question 7

What are the surfaces of the fibula shaft?

Answer 7

anterior, lateral, posterior, medial

Question 8

What type if joint is the tibiofibular syndesmosis?

Answer 8

fibrous joint

Question 9

What is the saphenous N a continuation of and what does it inervate?

Answer 9

from femoral N, innervates medial (posterior and anterior) skin of leg

Question 10

Where does the medial sural cutaneous N come from?

Answer 10

from tibial N

Question 11

Where does the lateral sural cutaneous N come from and what does it do?

Answer 11

from common fibular, gives off communicating branch to join with medial sural cutaneous N from the tibial N to form the sural N

Question 12

What forms the sural N and what does it give off?

Answer 12

medial sural cutaneous from tibial N and communicating branch of lateral sural cutaneous N from common fibular N, gives off lateral dorsal cutaneous N

Question 13

What is the course of the saphenous N? What does it supply?

Answer 13

branch of femoral, stays deep under sartorius, follows femoral A until the knee when it pierces fascia and becomes cutaneous
supplies cutaneous to medial portion of leg

Question 14

What creates the compartments of the leg? What are the compartments?

Answer 14

crural fascia forms it, anterior, lateral and posterior compartments

Question 15

General action, innervation and blood supply to anterior compartment?

Answer 15

dorsiflexion, extend MP joints, deep peroneal N, anterior tibial A

Question 16

General action, innervation and blood supply to lateral compartment?

Answer 16

eversion, superficial peroneal N, perforating branches from anterior tibial and peroneal A

Question 17

General action, innervation and blood supply to superficial posterior compartment?

Answer 17

plantarflexion, tibial N, posterior tibial A

Question 18

General action, innervation and blood supply to deep posterior compartment of leg?

Answer 18

flexion of digits, tibial N, posterior tibial and peroneal A

Question 19

Muscles of the anterior compartment of leg

Answer 19

Tibialis anterior, EDL, EHL, extensor hallucis capsularis, peroneus tertius

Question 20

Origin and insertion of tibialis anterior

Answer 20

O: lateral condyle/lateral surface of tibia, IO membrane
I: medial plantar border of medial cuneiform and base of MT1

Question 21

Action and innervation of tibialis anterior

Answer 21

A-dorsiflex ankle, invert ankle, supination of intertarsal joints
N- deep peroneal N

Question 22

Origin and insertion of EDL

Answer 22

O: Lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula, IO
I: Extensor expansions of digits 2-5

Question 23

Action and innervation of EDL

Answer 23

dorsiflex and evert ankle, extend MPJ of digits 2-5, pronates intertarsal joints
N: deep peroneal

Question 24

Origin and insertion of EHL

Answer 24

O: anterior surface of fibula, IO membrane
I: dorsal base of distal phalanx

Question 25

Action and N of EHL

Answer 25

dorsiflex ankle, extend 1st MPJ, supinate intertarsal joint | N: Deep peroneal N

Question 26

Extensor hallucis capsularis O, I and action

Answer 26

O: extension of EHL tendon I: medial surface of 1st MPJ capsule A: pulls capsule out of MPJ to prevent entrapment

Question 27

Peroneus Tertius O and I

Answer 27

O: anterior surface of fibula (inferior 1/3) I: dorsal surface of base of MT5

Question 28

Peroneus tertius action and N

Answer 28

dorsiflex and evert ankle, pronate intertarsal joints | N: deep fibular

Question 29

Muscles of lateral compartment of leg

Answer 29

peroneus longus and brevis

Question 30

Peroneus longus O and I

Answer 30

O: superior 2/3 of lateral fibula I: lateral base of medial cuneiform, base of MT1

Question 31

Peroneus longus action and N

Answer 31

A: plantarflex and evert ankle, pronate intertarsal joints N: superficial peroneal

Question 32

Peroneus brevis O and I

Answer 32

O: inferior 2/3 of lateral fibula I: tuberosity of 5th met

Question 33

peroneus brevis action and N

Answer 33

plantarflex and evert ankle, pronate intertarsal joints | N: superficial fibular

Question 34

Where do the muscles of the lateral compartment pass relative to the lateral malleolus?

Answer 34

posterior

Question 35

Where do the muscles of the anterior compartment pass relative to both malleoli?

Answer 35

anterior

Question 36

The great saphenous V drains into what? the small saphenous drains into what?

Answer 36

femoral V, popliteal V

Question 37

What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 37

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

Question 38

What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 38

popliteus, FHL, FDL, TP

Question 39

What separates the deep from superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

Answer 39

transverse intermuscular septum

Question 40

Gastrocnemius O and I

Answer 40

O: medial and lateral femoral condyles (medial and lateral heads) I: tendocalcaneus->central part of posterior calcaneus

Question 41

gastrocnemius action and N

Answer 41

A: plantarflex ankle, knee flexion, supinator of intertarsal joints N: tibial N

Question 42

Soleus O and I

Answer 42

O: soleal line of tibia, posterior head and shaft of fibula I: tendocalcaneus-> central part of posterior calcaneus

Question 43

Soleus action and N

Answer 43

plantarflex ankle, tibial N

Question 44

What forms the triceps surae?

Answer 44

both heads of gastroc and the soleus

Question 45

Plantaris O and I

Answer 45

O: lateral supracondylar line femur I: medial portion of posterior calcaneus

Question 46

Plantaris action and N

Answer 46

A: plantarflex ankle, knee flexion N: tibial N

Question 47

What is the longest tendon in the human body?

Answer 47

Plantaris

Question 48

Popliteus O and I

Answer 48

O: lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur I: posterior surface of tibia (superior to soleal line)

Question 49

Popliteus action and N

Answer 49

flexes and unlocks (rotates) knee-laterally rotates femur | N: tibial N

Question 50

FDL O and I

Answer 50

O: posterior surface of tibia, inferior to soleal line and medial to vertical line I: plantar base of distal phalanges 2-5

Question 51

FDL action and N

Answer 51

A: Plantarflex ankle, flex 2-5 digits, supination of intertarsal joints N: tibial N

Question 52

What does the vertical line of the tibia separate?

Answer 52

FDL from the tibialis posterior

Question 53

FHL O and I

Answer 53

O: posterior surface of fibula, IO I: plantar base of distal phalanx of hallux

Question 54

FHL action and N

Answer 54

A: plantarflex ankle, flex hallux IPJ, supination of intertarsal joints N: Tibial N

Question 55

Tibialis posterior O and I

Answer 55

O: posterior surface of tibia inferior to soleal line and lateral to vertical line through nutrient foramen, medial surface of fibula, IO membrane I: navicular tuberosity, sustentaculum tali, all 3 cuneiforms, cuboid, bases of MT2-4

Question 56

Tibialis posterior action and N

Answer 56

A: plantarflex ankle, invert foot, supinate intertarsa joint N: tibial N

Question 57

What is the order of the structures around the medial malleolus from anterior to posterior?

Answer 57

TP, FDL, posterior tibial A, tibial N, FHL | Tom Dick and Very Nervous Harry