Osteology of foot Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
What passes between the medial and lateral condyles on the head of the second metatarsal?
A
the flexor tendons
2
Q
How many ossification centers does each phalnges bone have and where are they located?
A
each bone has two-the diaphysis in the shaft, and epiphysis at the base
3
Q
What does the shaft of the fifth met serve as an origin for?
A
lateral head of the fourth dorsal interosseous, third plantar interosseous
4
Q
How many tarsals are there? Name them
A
7 proximal row: calcaneus and talus Distal row: 3 cuneiform bones (medial, lateral, intermediate) and cuboid Navicular is in between the two rows
5
Q
What is the calcaneal sulcus and where is it located?
A
deep depression between the middle and posterior facets (on middle 1/3) on anterior part of dorsal surface of calcaneus
6
Q
What is the nonarticular area of the medial surface of the intermediate cuneiform for?
A
for an interosseous inter cuneiform ligament (with the medial cuneiform)
7
Q
What ligaments are attached to the dorsal surface of the intermediate cuneiform?
A
dorsal cuneonavicular, two dorsal intercuneiforms, dorsal cuneometarsal-there is a ligament to each of the four bones that articulate with the intermediate cuneiform
8
Q
What attaches at the depression between the medial and lateral processes of calcaneal tuberosity?
A
long plantar ligament and abductor digiti quinti
9
Q
What ligaments are attached to the plantar surface of the intermediate cuneiform?
A
plantar cuneonavicular, two plantar intercuneiforms-there is no ligament attachment from this cuneiform to a metatarsal plantarly-it Is picked up by medial and lateral cuneiform ligaments
10
Q
Where do the sesamoid bones form (developmentally)?
A
within tendons
11
Q
What is the shape of the posterior surface of the medial cuneiform and what does it articulate with?
A
has a facet that articulates with the navicular-like the corresponding facet on the navicular, can be triangular, pear or quadrilateral
12
Q
Where is the anterior tubercle of calcaneus located and what attaches here?
A
Near the anterior border of the plantar surface of calcaneus plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short plantar ligament)
13
Q
What tubercle of the posterior process of the talus has its own secondary ossification center and what happens when it fails to fuse with the rest of the talus?
A
the lateral tubercle, when this center fails to fuse with the rest of the talus, the lateral tubercle is an accessory bone (os trigonum)
14
Q
When does the calcaneus form?
A
4-7 months in utero
15
Q
What is is tibiale (externum) associated with?
A
found when the secondary ossification center in the navicular tuberosity fails to fuse with the rest of the navicular
16
Q
What ones form the transverse arch of the foot?
A
the four tarsal bones of the distal row and all five metatarsal bones
17
Q
What forms the tarsal canal and tarsal sinus?
A
formed by articulating sulcus tali and sulcus calcanei
18
Q
What does the posterior navicular contain?
A
large oval/tear shaped facet for articulation with the head of the talus
19
Q
What is found on the posterior surface of the base of the second metatarsal?
A
triangular facet for its articulation with the intermediate cuneiform
20
Q
What does the tarsal canal contain?
A
The interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
21
Q
How many processes does the calcaneal tuberosity have?
A
2-medial and lateral, separated by a depression
22
Q
The distal surface of the head of the first metatarsal is continuous with the plantar surface. What is found here?
A
facets for the medial and lateral sesamoid bones
23
Q
What structures are attached to the dorsal surface of the base of the fifth met?
A
peroneus tertius, dorsal cuboideometatarsals ligament, dorsal inter metatarsal ligament
24
Q
Describe the second groove related to the peroneal trochlea.
A
rare, superior and somewhat anterior to peroneal trochlea, formed by tendon of peroneus brevis
25
What shape is the articular facet of the medial surface of the intermediate cuneiform and what does it articulate with?
Inverted L to match medial cuneiform L
26
Describe the lateral surface of the intermediate cuneiform.
has an articular area and nonarticular area
27
What muscle has a partial attachment to the plantar surface of the intermediate cuneiform?
tibialis posterior
28
What is the shape of the medial surface of the medial cuneiform and what is significant about the small facet that lies near its anteroinferior aspect?
quadrilateral, this surface does not articulate with another tarsal bone, a small bursa lies between the facet and a sesamoid bone within the tendon of the tibialis anterior
29
What separates the two facets for sesamoid bones on the plantar surface of the first metatarsal?
a small ridge of bone-the median crista
30
What shape is the facet that is located posteriorly on the medial surface of the lateral cuneiform and what does it articulate with?
oval, vertically oriented, articulates with intermediate cuneiform
31
What structures are attached to the tarsal sinus?
(at the lateral end of tarsal canal) I: Inferior extensor retinaculum C: Cervical ligament E: Extensor digitorum brevis B: Bifurcate ligament I: Inferior peroneal retinaculum L: Lateral calcaneocuboid ligament (absent at times) D: Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament ICE BILD: area looks like where ice would build up
32
Where does the lateral malleolus attach to the lateral surface of the body of the talus?
the inferior, tapered end of the lateral surface of talus which is known as the lateral process
33
What is the distinctive characteristic of the third metatarsal bone?
just inferior to the small oval facet on the lateral surface of the base, there is a groove for the interosseous inter metatarsal ligament
34
Where do the deep fibers of the long plantar ligament attach?
peroneal ridge
35
What is the posterior surface of the talus also known as?
Posterior process-projects posteriorly and inferiorly
36
What structures articulate with the superior surface of the body of the talus (trochlea)?
good ole' aunt TILMA loves the TROCHLEA OF TALUS T: Tibial plafond (inferior surface of tibia) I: Inferior transverse ligament (deep portion of the posterior (inferior) tibiofibular ligament L: Lateral malleolus (of fibula) M: Medial malleolus (of tibia) A: anterior (inferior) tibiofibular ligament
37
What ligament lies within the tarsal canal?
Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament
38
when does the lateral cuneiform form?
during year one
39
Shape of calcaneus
rectangular, width/height/length ratio: 1-1-2
40
What ligaments attach to the dorsal surface of the lateral cuneiform?
dorsal cuneocuboid, dorsal cuneonavicular, dorsal inter cuneiform, two dorsal cuneometatarsal ligaments (to second and third metatarsals)
41
What inserts onto the transverse crest (tubercle) on the dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of the great toe close to its base?
extensor hallucis brevis
42
What is the nonarticular area of the lateral surface of the intermediate cuneiform for?
the attachment of the interosseous inter cuneiform ligament to the lateral cuneiform.
43
The posterior articular facet is located on what part of the calcaneus? Describe the facet
middle 1/3, articulates with talus, largest of the three facets, oval shaped, strongly convex anteroposteriorly
44
What two tendons attach to the base of the first metatarsal?
tibialis anterior attaches to medial surface, peroneus longus attaches to lateral surface-both attach inferiorly near plantar surface
45
What attaches to the lateral plantar tubercle of the proximal phalanx of the great toe?
lateral head of the flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis
46
What anatomical feature does the lateral surface of the cuboid contain?
Peroneal notch-marks beginning of peroneal sulcus
47
What is the shape of the base of the fifth met?
triangular/pyramidal-the apex points planetary and laterally-known as styloid process of the fifth met
48
What separates the navicular tuberosity from the plantar surface?
a groove for the tendon of tibialis posterior-the tendon continues in groove past the tuberosity
49
The medial surface of the body of the talus is continuous with what?
trochlea
50
The lateral process of calc tuberosity (posterolateral tubercle) serves as attachment for...
L:lateral head of quadratous plantae L: Long plantar ligament A: Abductor digiti quinti P: Plantar aponeurosis L (Lateral)-LAP
51
What structures are attached to the plantar surface of the fourth met?
adductor hallucis, tibialis posterior, long plantar ligament, plantar cuboideometatarsals ligament, two plantar inter metatarsal ligaments
52
How would you describe the head of the proximal phalanx of the great toe? Describe its articular surface.
the head is flat vertically, the articular surface is trochlear
53
What are the attachments to the sustentaculum tali?
Mr. T.P-Looks sort of like a tepee M: medial talocalcaneal ligament R: Recurrent band of tibias posterior (partial insertion) T: Tibiocalcaneal ligament (part of deltoid ligament) P: Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament
54
Describe the anterior surface of the calcaneus.
smallest surface, has triangular shaped facet for articulation with cuboid. Convex transversely and concave vertically-saddle shaped.
55
What lies in the peroneal groove or against the anterior aspect of the peroneal ridge?
tendon of the peroneus longus
56
What structures are attached to the plantar surface of the fifth met?
flexor digiti quinti brevis, plantar ligament of the sole, plantar cuboideometatarsals ligament, plantar inter metatarsal ligament
57
How many facets does the lateral surface of the lateral cuneiform have? What do/does it/they articulate with? What are the facet/facet's shape?
two facets, the larger facet-posteriorly-triangular and for cuboid smaller facet-anteriorly, oval for fourth metatarsal
58
What tubercles of the proximal phalanx of toes 2-4 are for the dorsal interossei?
both tubercles of toe two and the lateral tubercles for toes three and for
59
What attaches to the tubercle posterior and superior to the retrotrochlear eminence on the lateral calcaneus?
Clacaneofibular ligament (about 40-50% of the time). This ligament is a constant ligament but its tuberosity on the calcaneus is variable.
60
What is another name for the superior surface of the body of the talus and what is its shape?
trochlea (shaped like a pulley) convex from anterior to posterior
61
What forms the osseofibrous canal for the tendon of the peroneus longus?
superficial fibers of the long plantar ligament coursing over tendon and the cuboid
62
Where is the tubercle for the attachment of the spring ligament on the navicular?
near the middle of the plantar surface
63
Where is the neck of the talus most easily seen and what represents the neck on the medial and inferior surfaces?
seen on the lateral and superior surfaces, on medial and inferior surfaces represented by a deep groove called the sulcus tali
64
What are the shapes of the two articular facets on the lateral surface of the medial cuneiform and what are they for?
Small oval facet found anteriorly for the base of the second metatarsal. The facet for the intermediate cuneiform has the shape of an inverted L.
65
Which process of calcaneal tuberosity is larger/broader?
medial
66
What shape is the articular(posterior) surface of the first metatarsal and what does it articulate with?
reniform (kidney)shaped facet for articualtion with the medial cuneiform
67
What attaches to the plantar surface of the base of the second metatarsal?
long plantar ligament, tibialis posterior, plantar cuneometatarsal ligament, plantar intermetatarsal ligament, adductor hallicus (oblique head)
68
Where is the sulcus tali located?
At the union of the body and neck of the talus
69
What is the shape of the medial surface of the cuboid?
quadrilateral
70
What limits the calcaneus posteriorly?
calcaneal tuberosity
71
How many surfaces does each tarsal bone have?
6- dorsal(superior), plantar (inferior), medial, lateral, anterior(distal) and posterior (proximal)
72
The peroneal trochlea is a ridge of bone that is formed by a groove for the .....?
tendon of peroneus longus it is a tuberosity that is present 33% of the time
73
What are the three more common accessory bones? How often are they found in the population?
os trigonum, os tibiale (externum), os intermetatarsium-about 10%
74
The peroneal ridge terminates laterally as... which contains...
cuboid tuberosity which contains a sesamoid bone (os peroneum) in the tendon of the peroneus longus
75
The tendons of what muscles have partial insertion on the plantar aspect of the medial cuneiform?
tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, peroneus longus
76
Which phalanges of the lesser toes are the longest?
proximal
77
Difference in surfaces in proximal row?
the dorsal surface is proximal and the inferior surface is distal
78
What is found on the medial surface of the base of the second metatarsal?
small, oval facet for the medial cuneiform
79
dorsal surface of calcaneus shape
(proximal) convex side to side, concave front to back
80
What forms the tarsal canal?
The calcaneal sulcus combines with a deep groove on plantar surface of talus (sulcus tali) to form tarsal canal
81
What accessory muscle will occasionally insert onto the plantar surface of the base of the fifth met?
abductor os metatarsi digiti minimi
82
What ligaments attach to the medial surface of the cuboid?
Interosseous cuboideonavicular, interosseous cuneocuboid, calcaneocuboid portion of the bifurcated ligament
83
Describe the posterior 1/3 of calcaneus
smooth nonarticular area with numerous vascular foramina
84
How does the os tibiale (externum) accessory bone develop?
Sometimes the tuberosity develops from a secondary ossification center that does not unite with the rest of the navicular.
85
What are the two facets on the lateral surface of the base of the first metatarsal demarcated into and what are they used for?
one dorsal and one plantar facet, a ridge of bone divides each facet into demarcates. The two anterior demarcates (one dorsal, one plantar) are for the third met. the two posterior demarcates are for the lateral cuneiform
86
Does the distal phalanx of the great toe line up with the proximal phalanx on the same plane?
No, it deviates laterally by 15 degrees
87
What muscles are attached to the plantar surface of the lateral cuneiform?
flexor hallucis brevis and tibialis posterior
88
Where does the lateral talocalcaneal ligament attach?
Just anterior and superior to the calcaneofibular ligament which partially overlies it
89
What three ligaments attach to the dorsal surface of the base of the fourth met?
two dorsal inter metatarsals, dorsal cuboideometatarsals
90
Name the three tubercles of the lateral calcaneus.
retrotrochelar eminence, peroneal trochlea and tubercle for attachment of calcaneofibular ligament
91
What shape is the anterior surface of the medial cuneiform?
kidney shaped-articulates with the base of the first metatarsal
92
When does the cuboid form?
around birth
93
How many plantar tubercles are on the proximal phalanx of the lesser toes?
2-medial and lateral
94
How many ossification centers do each metatarsal bone have? What is the difference between the first metatarsal and the rest?
each has two-Each has a diaphysis in the shaft (appears during fetal life). for first met, the epiphysis is at the base (appears year 3), for rest, the epiphysis is at the head (appears years 5-8)
95
How many facets does the inferior surface of the head of the talus have and what do they articulate with?
three, two articulate with the calcaneus-the anterior and middle calcanea facet, the third facet articulates with the plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament which contains fibrocartilage that the talus rests on
96
When do the metatarsals and phalanges form?
9-12 weeks in utero
97
For toes 3-5, what is the medial plantar tubercle for?
plantar interossei
98
What tendon is the plantar surface of the base of the fifth met grooved by?
abductor digiti quinti
99
What part of the plantar aponeurosis is attached to the plantar surface of the fifth met?
a thickening of the apologetics's-calcaneometatarsal ligament (plantar ligament of the sole)
100
What is the lateral tubercle of the fifth proximal phalanx for?
abductor digiti quinti and flexor digiti quinti (brevis)
101
What are the two most constant sesamoid bones of the foot? Which is larger?
medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) bones within the tendons of the flexor hallucis brevis, located at the first MP joint. medial usually larger than lateral
102
When does the navicular form?
during year 3-last tarsal to begin ossification
103
What attaches to the lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus?
Posterior talofibular, posterior talocalcaneal and fibulotalocalcaneal ligaments
104
What is the facet on the inferior surface of the body of the talus called and what does it articulate with?
Posterior articular facet articulates with the calcaneus at the subtalar joint
105
What does the navicular articulate with?
talus, three cuneiforms, possibly cuboid, rarely calcaneus
106
Where is the navicular tuberosity located and what attaches to it?
on medial surface, tibialis posterior is attached
107
What is different in the calcaneus compared to the other tarsals when dealing with the ossification center?
the calcaneus has an epiphysis in the posterior extremity as well as a primary ossification center, the other tarsals have a single center
108
How does the inferior area of the posterior surface of the calcaneus feel and what is it covered by?
rough, covered by fatty, fibrous tissue
109
The peroneal trochlea lies anterior to what structure?
retrotrochlear eminence
110
When does the talus form?
month 6 in utero
111
What ligament is attached to the medial surface of the lateral cuneiform?
interosseous intercuneiform
112
where does the lateral talocalcaneal ligament attach?
Anteroinferior to the lateral malleolar surface
113
Where is the coronoid process (beak) of the cuboid located?
at the point where medial and posterior borders meet
114
What ligaments attach to the dorsal surface of the base of the third metatarsal?
two dorsal inter metatarsal ligaments, dorsal cuneometatarsal ligament
115
The tarsal canal is directed .... and is continuous at its .... end with the...
anterolaterally, anterior, tarsal sinus
116
What shape is the base of the second metatarsal?
wedge shape-pyramidal with the apex plantarly
117
What is the large articular facet of the anterior navicular divided into and what divides it?
medial, middle and lateral facets, divided by 2 vertical crests/ridges
118
What shape is the anterior and posterior surface of the intermediate cuneiform and what do they articulate with
anterior: triangular facet for articulation with second met posterior: triangular for articulation with the navicular
119
What ligament is attached to the heads of all five metatarsal bones?
deep transverse metatarsal ligament
120
Describe the superior and inferior surfaces of the sustentaculum tali.
the superior surface articulates with the talus, the inferior surface is grooved by the tendon of flexor hallucis longus.
121
With the exception of the two most common sesamoid bones, what two other sesamoid bones are quite constant?
one of them-located within tendon of tibialis anterior as it crosses smooth facet on the medial cuneiform-no name for it os peroneum-located within the tendon of peroneus longus as it crosses the cuboid
122
Where is the os intermetatarsum found?
located between the medial cuneiform and the bases of the first and second metatarsals
123
what is the major feature of the middle area of the posterior surface of the calcaneus and what attaches here?
a roughened area for the attachment of tendocalcaneus and plantaris. the plantaris sometimes attaches medially to tendocalcaneus, other times they attach together.
124
What is the primary feature of the lateral surface of the fifth met?
tuberosity of the fifth met-peroneus brevis inserts here
125
What is os trigonum associated with?
lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus
126
What ligaments attach to the rough superior (dorsal) surface of the cuboid?
Dorsal calcaneocuboid, dorsal cuneocuboid, dorsal cuboidonavicular, two dorsal cuboideometatarsals (one to fourth, one to fifth), lateral calcaneocuboid (variable) Note: One to each of the surrounding 5 bones
127
What structures attach to the crest or plantar aspect of the base of the third met?
oblique head of the adductor hallucis, tibias posterior, long plantar ligament, plantar cuneometatarsal ligament, two plantar inter metatarsal ligaments
128
What is the most constant feature of the lateral surface of calcaneus and where is it located?
The retrotrochlear eminence. It lies behind (posterior) to the peroneal trochlea (tuberosity). It is due to bony trabeculae within the calcaneus that fan out from the articualr surfaces. This tuberosity is located in the middle third of the lateral sulcus.
129
What is the posterior process of the talus grooved by?
The tendon of the flexor hallucis longus, which divides the posterior process into two tubercles: medial and lateral
130
What ligament, with the exception of the tibialis posterior, is attached to the medial navicular?
a medial cuneonavicular ligament-attaches to medial cuneiform
131
What is the large oval, concave articular surface of the proximal phalanx of the great toe known as?
glenoid cavity
132
What are the two facets of the anterior surface of the cuboid and what do they articulate with?
medial: quadrilateral and articulates with base of 4th met lateral: triangular with apex lateral, articulate with fifth met
133
What ligaments are attached to the plantar surface of the navicular bone?
spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular), plantar cuboideonavicular, three plantar cuneonavicular ligaments (medial, intermediate and lateral)
134
What attaches to the anterior surface of calcaneus?
Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament-attaches to the medial margin
135
Describe the body of the talus
cuboidal shape, anterior surface blends with neck, other five surfaces are free
136
What attaches to the medial process of calcaneal tuberosity?
M: Medial head of quadratous plantae L: Long plantar ligament A: Abductor digiti quinti P: Plantar aponeurosis Abductor hallucis, flexor retinaculum, flexor digitorum brevis
137
What muscle attaches to the lateral surface of the shaft of the first metatarsal?
medial head of the first dorsal interosseous muscle
138
Where is the sustentaculum tali located and what is its purpose?
shelf like projection on medial surface of calcaneus, holds up talus
139
Where does the peroneus tertius insert onto the fifth met?
onto the dorsal surface of the base and the dorsal surface of the shaft
140
Where does the extensor hallucis longus attach to the distal phalanx?
on the dorsal surface to a tuberosity near the base
141
What is different about the orientation of the shaft of the fifth met compared to mets 2-4?
the surfaces are dorsal, medial and inferior-inferior is different instead of lateral surface
142
What lies inferior to the articular facet on the medial surface of the talus?
the attachment of the anterior tibiotalar ligament (part of deltoid ligament)-this area is rough, there are also many vascular foramina here
143
What does the posterior surface of the cuboid contain?
triangular facet for the calcaneus-shaped like sideways saddle
144
What attaches to the areas anterior and posterior to the articular facet of the lateral surface of the body of the talus?
The anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments. there are two tubercles for anterior and a groove for the posterior talofibular ligaments
145
What muscles originate from the shaft of the third met?
lateral head of the second dorsal interosseous, medial head of the third dorsal interosseous, first plantar interosseous
146
What is different about the apex of the medial cuneiform compared to the other two cuneiforms?
the apex of medial is directed dorsally, the other apices are directed plantarly-medial is largest, intermediate is most typical and smallest of tarsal bones
147
What is the shape of the articular facet, where is it located and what does it articulate with?
comma, superiorly on medial surface of talus, medial malleolus
148
What is different about the phalanges of the great toe?
Has two-proximal and distal, the rest ahve three-proximal, middle and distal
149
What muscle has an origin on the plantar surface of the base of the fourth met?
oblique head of the adductor hallucis
150
Describe the lateral surface of the calcaneus.
broader posteriorly than anteriorly. This surface is the most variable surface. It can have one, two or three tubercles.
151
Describe the medial surface of the calcaneus, what lies in it, and what attaches here?
deeply concave, the plantar nerves and vessels are located in the hollow, the medial head of the quadrates plantar attaches here. this attachment is more extensive than attachment to the medial process (plantar surface)
152
Describe the plantar aspect of calcaneous generally.
convex side to side (mediolaterally), wider posterior than anterior-somewhat triangular
153
What attaches to the medial plantar tubercle of the proximal phalanx of the great toe?
medial head of the flexor hallucis brevis and abductor hallucis
154
What shape is the facet on the medial surface of the base of the fourth met? What divides it? What do they articulate with
oval, divided by a ridge, anterior part articulates with the third met, posterior part with the lateral cuneiform
155
What is Lisfranc's ligament and where does it attach?
It is an interosseous tarsometatarsal ligament-it is attached to the lateral surface of the medial cuneiform and the second metatarsal
156
What supports the middle facet of anterior 1/3 of calcaneus?
sustentaculum tali
157
What ligaments attach to the lateral surface of the medial cuneiform?
Lisfranc's and an interosseous intercuneiform
158
What attaches to the medial tubercle of the posterior process of the talus?
Medial talocalcaneal ligament and posterior tibiotalar ligament (part of deltoid), if present also the medial band of the posterior talocalcaneal ligament
159
What shape is the base of the first metatarsal and how many surfaces does it have?
somewhat triangular, three surfaces-inferior, medial and lateral
160
What attaches to the dorsal surface of the base of the second metatarsal?
dorsal intermetatarsal ligament (to third met), three dorsal cuneometatarsal ligaments-one to each cuneiform
161
What anatomical features does the plantar surface of the cuboid have?
peroneal sulcus (groove) and peroneal ridge, sulcus lies distal to ridge, both course obliquely
162
What ligaments attach to the medial surface of the medial cuneiform?
medial cuneonavicular, dorsal cuneonavicular, dorsal intercuneiform, dorsal cuneometatarsal (to 1st met), dorsal cuneometatarsal (to second met)
163
What two ligaments attach to the base of the first metatarsal?
dorsal and plantar cuneometatarsal ligaments-attach to the medial and inferior surfaces respectively
164
What ligaments attach to the plantar surface of the medial cuneiform?
plantar cuneonavicular, plantar inter cuneiform, plantar cuneometatarsal (to 1st metatarsal), plantar cuneometatarsal (to second metatarsal)
165
The three areas of the posterior surface of the calcaneus are..... and they are separated by....
superior, middle and inferior separated by two horizontal lines: superior and inferior
166
when does the medial cuneiform form?
during year 2
167
What ligaments are attached to the plantar surface of the lateral cuneiform?
plantar cuneocuboid, plantar cuneonavicular, plantar intercuneiform, plantar cuneometatarsal
168
When does the intermediate cuneiform form?
during year 3
169
What bones form the medial arch?
first three mets, all three cuneiforms, navicular, calcaneous and talus-talus is keystone of this arch
170
Where does the flexor hallucis longus attach to the distal phalanx?
to an obliquely directed ridge (tuberosity) which courses along the entire plantar surface
171
How does the superior area of the posterior surface feel and what is it covered by?
smooth, covered by a bursa that lies deep to the tendocalcaneus
172
What attaches to the peroneal trochlea?
Deep fibers of inferior peroneal retinaculum
173
What attaches to the dorsal navicular?
Ligaments: Three dorsal cuneonaviculars (medial, intermediate and lateral), dorsal cuboidonavicular, dorsal talonavicular, calcaneonavicular portion of the bifurcated ligament, tibionavicular portion of the deltoid ligament- ligaments to all surrounding bones
174
what is the shape of the lateral surface of the body of the talus?
inverted triangle
175
Is the medial or lateral tubercle of the posterior process of the talus larger?
lateral
176
What does the shaft of the fourth met serve as an origin for?
lateral head of the third dorsal interosseous, medial head of the fourth dorsal interosseous, second plantar interosseous
177
Describe the shape of the three facets on the anterior navicular.
medial facet: largest, pear/triangular or quadrilateral shape, for medial cuneiform middle (intermediate) facet: triangular-intermediate cuneiform lateral facet: triangular-lateral cuneiform
178
Where is the dorsal talonavicular ligament attached to on the talus?
the superior surface of the neck
179
How many articular facets does the base of the third metatarsal have?
four-one on posterior surface, one on lateral surface, two on medial surface
180
What does the talus articulate with and what are the portions of the talus? Do any muscles or tendons attach to the talus?
articulates with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint composed of body, neck and head no
181
What ligament is attached to the lateral surface of the lateral cuneiform?
interosseous cuneocuboid
182
What is attached to the lateral surface of the navicular?
lateral calcaneonavicular portion of the bifurcated ligament-also attached to dorsal surface the interosseous cuboideonavicular ligament
183
How many facets does the anterior 1/3 of calcaneus have?
2-anterior and middle facet-both articulate with talus
184
What structures attach to the plantar surface of the cuboid?
Long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, plantar cuboideonavicular ligament, tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis brevis, plantar cuneocuboid ligament, two plantar cuboideometatarsals ligaments (one to 4th met, other to 5th met)
185
What ligaments attach to the posterior third of calcaneus?
Posterior talocalcaneal ligament, calcaneofibular ligament
186
What bones form the lateral arch?
Mets 4 and 5, cuboid, calcaneus and talus-although all weight is transferred only via talus-the cuboid is keystone of the arch
