Lower Leg iRA/tRA

Question 1

normal tibial torsion

Answer 1

proximal to distal ~ 30 deg

Question 2

What does medial malleolus articulate w/?

Answer 2

medial talar body

Question 3

convex or concave of distal tibia in sagittal and transverse plane

Answer 3

Sagittal Plane: concave

Transverse plane: convex

Question 4

Anterior talus is wider _________ than ______. Why?

Answer 4

wider anterior than posterior

- to aide in wedging effect for structural stability during full DF

Question 5

What is the largest tarsal in the foot?

Answer 5

calcaneus

Question 6

What is the primary attachment of the tibialis posterior?

Answer 6

navicular tuberosity

Question 7

What bone is the most lateral in distal tarsal row?

Answer 7

cuboid

Question 8

In what tendon are the sesamoid bones embedded?

Answer 8

flexor hallicus brevis

Question 9

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 9

• tib anterior
• extensor hallucis longus
• extensor digitorum longus
• fibularis tertius

Question 10

What muscles make up the lateral compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 10

• fibularis longus

- fibularis brevis

Question 11

What muscles make up the superficial group of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 11

• gastroc
• soleus
• plantaris

Question 12

What muscles make up the deep group of the posterior compartment of the lower leg?

Answer 12

• popliteus
• tib posterior
• flexor digitorum longus
• flexor hallucis longus

Question 13

What nerve is commonly injured by an inversion injury?

Answer 13

superficial fibular nerve

Question 14

What end of the tibiofibular joints has a capsule?

Answer 14

proximal tib fib has a capsule, distal does not

Question 15

What kind of joint is the proximal tibfib? Distal tibfib?

Answer 15

proximal - plane synovial joint

distal - syndesmosis

Question 16

At what joint does DF/PF occur?

Answer 16

talocrural joint

Question 17

Arthrokinematics of subtalar: ____ degree orientation from sagittal plane and ____ degree from the transverse plane

Answer 17

16 deg - sagittal

42 deg - transverse

Question 18

convex/concave rule of MTPs and IPs

Answer 18

concave proximally and convex distally

Question 19

Inversion: tilting ____ midline

Eversion: tilting _____ midline

Answer 19

inversion: towards midline
eversion: away from midline

Question 20

Supination osteokinematics

Answer 20

combination of adduction, inversion, and PF

Question 21

Pronation osteokinematics

Answer 21

combination of abduction, eversion, and DF

Question 22

Resting and closed packed position of tibiofibular

Answer 22

resting: ~ 10 deg PF
closed: full DF

Question 23

Resting and closed packed position of talocrural joint

Answer 23

resting: ~10 deg PF
closed: full DF

Question 24

Resting and closed packed position of midfoot

Answer 24

resting: ~ 10 deg PF
closed: full DF

Question 25

Resting and closed packed position of IP

Answer 25

resting: slight flexion closed: full extension

Question 26

PF ROM

Answer 26

50 deg

Question 27

DF ROM

Answer 27

20 deg

Question 28

Supination ROM

Answer 28

45-60 deg

Question 29

Pronation ROM

Answer 29

15-30 deg

Question 30

Great toe flexion ROM

Answer 30

MTP 40 deg and IP 90 deg

Question 31

Great toe extension ROM

Answer 31

MTP 70 deg and IP 0 deg

Question 32

Functional degrees of DF needed for walking

Answer 32

10 deg

Question 33

Functional degrees of DF needed for standing up from a chair

Answer 33

17-20 deg

Question 34

Functional degrees of DF needed to descend stairs

Answer 34

20 deg

Question 35

What is the windlass effect?

Answer 35

plantar fascia resist flattening of the longitudinal arch - energy is stored for propulsion - as you flex toes during push off, arch maintained

Question 36

DF muscles and innervations (4)

Answer 36

- tib anterior - extensor digitorum longus - extensor hallucis longus - fib tertius - all innervated by deep fibular nerve

Question 37

PF muscles and innervation (6)

Answer 37

- gastroc - soleus - flexor digitorum longus - flexor hallicis longus - fibularis longus - superficial fibular nerve - tib posterior all innervated by tibial nerve except fib longus

Question 38

Inversion muscles and innervation (2)

Answer 38

- tib anterior - deep fibular nerve | - tib posterior - tibial nerve

Question 39

Eversion muscles and innervation (3)

Answer 39

- fib longus - superficial fibular nerve - fib tertius - deep fibular nerve - fibularis brevis - superficial fibular nerve