lower limb Flashcards
1
Q
action of muscles of anterior thigh
A
flex thigh at hip joint
extend leg at knee joint
2
Q
action of muscles of medial thigh
A
adduct thigh at hip joint
3
Q
action of muscles of posterior thigh
A
extend thigh at hip joint
flex leg at knee joint
4
Q
iliotibial band is thickening of what muscle
A
tensor fascia lata
5
Q
roots of femoral nerve
A
L2-L4
6
Q
muscles of anterior thigh
A
quadriceps femoris
sartorius
iliopsoas
pectineus
7
Q
innervation of anterior thigh muscles
A
femoral nerve
8
Q
4 muscles of quadriceps femoris
A
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
9
Q
insertion of quadriceps femoris
A
tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
10
Q
origin of rectus femoris
A
ASIS
11
Q
action of rectus femoris
A
flexion at hip
12
Q
insertion of vastus lateralis
A
linea aspera on posterior femoral shaft
13
Q
insertion of vastus medialis
A
linea aspera
14
Q
insertion of vastus intermedius
A
anterior femoral shaft
lies deep to rectus femoris
15
Q
origin of sartorius
A
ASIS
16
Q
insertion of sartorius
A
medial aspect of proximal tibia
17
Q
action of sartorius
A
flexes and laterally rotates hip joint
flexes knee joint
18
Q
insertion of iliopsoas
A
iliacus and psoas major converge via common tendon onto lesser trochanter of femur
19
Q
action of iliopsoas
A
flexion and lateral rotation of hip
20
Q
origin of pectineus
A
superior pubic ramus
21
Q
insertion of pectineus
A
inferior to lesser trochanter of femur
22
Q
action of pectineus
A
flexion and adduction at hip
23
Q
muscles of medial thigh
A
adductor brevis adductor longus adductor magnus gracilis obturator externus
24
Q
action of muscles of medial thigh
A
adductors of hip
25
innervation of muscles of medial thigh
obturator nerve (L2-L4)
26
origin of adductor brevis and longus
pubic bone
27
insertion of adductor brevis and longus
linea aspera
28
what lies between adductor brevis and longus?
obturator nerve
29
origin of adductor magnus
adduct part inferior pubic ramus
| hamstring part ischial tuberosity
30
insertion of adductor magnus
adductor part linea aspera
| hamstring part adductor tubercle
31
innervation of adductor magnus
adductor part by obturator nerve
| hamstring part by sciatic nerve
32
what passes through the adductor hiatus?
femoral artery and vein to reach posterior thigh
33
what muscle is adductor hiatus in?
adductor magnus
34
origin of gracilis
pubic bone
35
insertion gracilis
medial tibia
36
action gracilis
weak adductor and flexor of hip
| weak flexor of knee
37
origin of obturator externus
external surface of obturator membrane
38
action of obturator externus
stabilises and laterally rotates hip joint
39
what artery is the femoral artery a continuation of?
external iliac
40
what artery supplies the thigh/
profunda femoris, branch of femoral artery
41
what artery does the femoral artery become and where does this happen?
popliteal artery in popliteal fossa
42
what artery is obturator artery a branch of?
internal iliac
43
what nerve is saphenous a branch of?
femoral
44
borders of femoral triangle
lateral - medial border sartorius
medial - lateral border adductor longus
superior - inguinal ligament
45
floor of femoral triangle
iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially
46
contents of femoral triangle
femoral artery
femoral vein - receives great saphenous vein
femoral nerve
47
what ligaments form greater and lesser sciatic foramina?
sacrotuberous
| sacrospinous
48
superficial gluteal muscles
gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia lata
49
origin gluteus maximus
posterior ileum
sacrotuberous ligament
sacrum
50
insertion gluteus maximus
iliotibial tract
| some to gluteal tuberosity
51
action of gluteus maximus
extensor of hip
helps us stand from sitting
lateral rotator of hip
stabilises knee joint
52
origin gluteus medius and minimus
anterior part of posterior surface of ilium
53
insertion gluteus medius and minimus
greater trochanter of femur
54
action of gluteus medius and minimus
abduct and medially rotate hip
55
origin tensor fascia lata
ASIS
56
insertion tensor fascia lata
iliotibial tract which inserts onto proximal tibia
57
action tensor fascia lata
stabilises knee joint when extended
| flexes hip joint
58
innervation gluetus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve
59
innervation gluteus medius and minimus
superior gluteal nerve
60
innervation tensor fascia lata
superior gluteal nerve
61
deep gluteal muscles
piriformis
superior and inferior gemelli
obturator internus
quadratus femoris
62
insertion of deep gluteal muscles
greater trochanter of femur
63
origin piriformis
anterior sacrum
64
what foramen does piriformis pass through
greater sciatic
65
insertion piriformis
greater trochanter femur
66
what nerves does sciatic divide into in posterior thigh?
tibial and common peroneal
67
posterior thigh muscles
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris
hamstring part adductor magnus
68
hamstring muscles
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
long head biceps femoris
69
origin hamstring muscles
ischial tuberosity
70
action hamstring muscles
extend hip
| flex knee
71
innervation hamstring muscles
tibial nerve
72
insertion semimebranosus and semitendinosus
medial aspect of proximal tibia
73
insertion biceps femoris
head of fibula
74
origin short head biceps femoris
linea aspera
75
innervation short head biceps femoris
common peroneal nerve
76
action short head biceps femoris
flexes knee
| does not move hip joint
77
origin hamstring part adductor magnus
ischial tuberosity
78
insertion hamstring part adductor magnus
adductor tubercle of femur
79
innervation hamstring part of adductor magnus
tibial nerve
80
action hamstring part of adductor magnus
extends hip
| does not move knee
81
arteries that supply gluteal muscles
superior and inferior gluteal arteries
branches of internal iliac
enter gluteal region via greater sciatic foramen
82
roots of sciatic nerve
L4-S3
83
what does tibial nerve innervation?
muscles posterior thigh and posterior leg
84
what does common peroneal nerve innervated?
muscles of anterior and lateral leg
85
boundaries of popliteal fossa
superomedial - semimebranosus and semitendinosus
superolateral - biceps femoris
inferomedial and inferolateral - two heads gastrocnemius
86
what does popliteal artery bifuracte into?
anterior and posterior tibial arteries
| which supply the leg
87
what branches does common peroneal nerve become?
superficial peroneal - lateral leg
| deep peroneal - anterior leg
88
midfoot
navicular
cuboid
cuneiforms
89
hindfoot
talus
| calcaneus
90
forefoot
metatarsals
| phalanges
91
at what joint does inversion and eversion of foot occur?
subtalar
92
what forms subtalar joint?
articulation of talus with calcaneum and navicular
93
muscles of anterior leg
tibialis anterior
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus
94
insertion tibialis anterior
medial cuneiform
95
action tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
96
innervation of muscles of anterior leg
deep peroneal nerve
97
insertion extensor hallucis longus
distal phalanx of big toe
98
action extensor hallucis longus
extends big toes
| dorsiflexes foot at ankle
99
insertion extensor digitorum longus
distal phalanges toes 2-5
100
action extensor digitorum longus
extend toes
| dorsiflexion foot
101
muscles of lateral leg
peroneus longus
| peroneus brevis
102
origin muscles of lateral leg
fibula
103
action muscles of lateral leg
evert foot at subtalar joint
104
innervation muscles of lateral leg
superficial peroneal nerve
105
insertion peroneus longus
plantar surface medial cuneiform
106
insertion peroneus brevis
base 5th metatarsal
107
artery to anterior leg
anterior tibial
108
what artery does anterior tibial become and where?
dorsalis pedis
| once it enters dorsum of foot
109
artery to lateral leg
fibular artery
| branch of posterior tibial
110
which 2 superficial veins drain the foot?
great saphenous - medially to femoral vein
| small saphenous - laterally up posterior leg to popliteal vein
111
what nerve innervates extensor digitorum brevis?
deep peroneal nerve
112
nerve supply to muscles of posterior leg
tibial nerve
113
superficial muscles of posterior leg
gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris
114
what do superficial muscles of leg all insert onto?
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
115
origin of gastrocnemius
via two heads from distal femur
116
action gastrocnemius
plantarflexion of ankle
| flexion of knee
117
origin soleus
soleal line on posterior tibia
118
action soleus
compresses deep veins of leg for venous return
119
deep muscles of posterior leg
popliteus
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus
120
action of popliteus
small degree of rotation of knee
| when knee is flexed popliteus rotates knee before flexion begins
121
action tibialis posterior
plantarflexion and inversion of foot
122
insertion flexor hallucis longus
distal phalanx of big toe
123
action flexor hallucis longus
flexed big toe
| plantarflexes foot
124
insertion flexor digitorum longus
distal phalanges of toes 2-5
125
action flexor digitorum profundus
flexion of toes
| plantarflexion of foot
126
nerve supply to muscles in sole of foot
medial and lateral plantar nerves
| terminal branches of tibial nerve
127
what area does posterior tibial artery supply?
posterior compartment of leg
| sole of foot - bifurcates into medial and lateral plantar arteries
128
what vessels form deep plantar arch of foot?
dorsa pedis and lateral plantar arteries
129
nerve supply to skin of foot
tibial nerve plantar surface
| common peroneal nerve dorsum of foot (and lateral leg)
130
L1 dermatome
region over inguinal ligament
131
L2 dermatome
upper anterior thigh
132
L3 dermatome
medial knee
133
L4 dermatome
anteromedial leg
134
L5 dermatome
anteromedial leg (inferior to L4)
135
S1 dermatome
5th digit/medial side of foot
136
arteries to hip joint
profunda femoris gives rise to retinacular arteries that supply femoral head, can be torn by fractures
137
3 ligaments that stabilise hip joint
iliofemoral
pubofemoral
ischiofemoral
138
what articulates at knee joint?
femoral condyles and tibial condyles
139
what are the menisci?
C-shaped cartilages that lie on tibial plateaus
wedge shaped, thickest part peripherally and thinnest centrally
deepen tibial condyles for articulation with femoral condyles
140
middle meniscus
attached to joint capsule and medial collateral ligament
141
attachments of medial collateral ligament
femur to tibia
| and medial meniscus
142
attachements of lateral collateral ligament
femur to fibula
143
when are the cruciate ligaments taut?
when knee if extended
144
attachments anterior cruciate ligament
anterior part intercondylar region of tibia
| medial aspect of lateral condyle of femur
145
function anterior cruciate ligament
prevents tibia moving forward relative to femur
146
attachments posterior cruciate ligament
posterior intercondylar area of tibia
| lateral medial condyle of femur
147
function anterior cruciate ligament
prevents tibia moving posteriorly to femur
148
what bones articulate in ankle joint?
distal tibia, distal fibula and talus
149
what is the ankle mortise?
socket formed by tibia and fibula for talus
150
what bones articulate in subtalar joint?
talus, calcaneus and navicular
