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upper and lower limb anatomy > upper limb > Flashcards

upper limb Flashcards

(183 cards)

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1
Q

what nerve runs close to the surgical neck of the humerus?

A

axillary nerve

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2
Q

what nerve may be damaged by mid-shaft humeral fractures?

A

radial nerve

as runs in radial/spiral groove

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3
Q

what movement is produced by the trapezius muscle?

A

upper fibres elevate scapula
middle fibres retract scapula
lower fibres depress and rotate scapula

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4
Q

action of latissimus dorsi

A

extends, adducts and medially rotates the humerus

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5
Q

action of levator scapulae

A

elevation of scapula

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6
Q

action of rhomboid major and minor

A

elevation of scapula

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7
Q

origin of trapezius

A

skull, thoracic and cervical vertebrae

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8
Q

insertions of trapezius

A

clavicle and scapula

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9
Q

origin of latissimus dorsi

A

lower thoracic vertebrae

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10
Q

insertion of latissimus dorsi

A

upper anterior humerus

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11
Q

origin of levator scapulae

A

lower thoracic vertebrae

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12
Q

insertion of levator scapulae

A

medial border of scapula

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13
Q

origin of rhomboid minor

A

C7 and T1

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14
Q

insertion of rhomboid minor

A

medial border of scapula

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15
Q

origin of rhomboid major

A

thoracic vertebrae

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16
Q

insertion of rhomboid major

A

medial border of scapula

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17
Q

6 muscles attach scapula to humerus

A 
deltoid 
teres major
teres minor
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
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18
Q

muscles of rotator cuff

A

teres minor
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis

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19
Q

origin of deltoid

A

lateral 1/3 clavicle
acromion
spine of scapula

mnemonic - deltoid helps you carry SACS

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20
Q

insertion of deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

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21
Q

actions of deltoid

A

abducts shoulder from 20 degrees onwards (can’t initiate abduction)
flexion and extension of shoulder

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22
Q

what nerve innervates deltoid?

A

axillary nerve

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23
Q

origin of teres major

A

posterior scapula

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24
Q

insertion of teres major

A

anterior humerus

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25
action of teres major
medial rotation and adduction of humerus
26
borders of quadrilateral space
superior - teres minor inferior - teres major medial - long head triceps lateral - surgical neck of humerus
27
what nerve is found in the quadrilateral space?
axillary nerve
28
what 2 muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve?
deltoid | teres major
29
origin of supraspinatus
supraspinous fossa of scapula
30
insertion of supraspinatus
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
31
origin of infraspinatus
infraspinous fossa of scapula
32
insertion of infraspinatus
middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
33
origin of teres minor
lateral border of scapula
34
insertion of teres minor
inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
35
origin of subscapularis
subscapular fossa of scapula
36
insertion of subscapularis
lesser tubercle of humerus
37
action of supraspinatus
first 20 degrees of abduction at shoulder
38
action of infraspinatus
lateral rotation at shoulder
39
action of teres minor
lateral rotation at shoulder
40
action of subscapularis
medial rotation at shoulder
41
origins of triceps brachii
long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula lateral head - posterior humerus, above radial groove medial - posterior humerus, below radial groove
42
insertion of triceps brachii
olecranon of ulna
43
action of triceps brachii
long head contributes to shoulder extension | extension at elbow
44
what nerve innervates triceps brachii
radial nerve
45
what is a painful arc?
when 60 to 120 degrees abduction is painful | is pathology of supraspinatus tendon
46
what may be damaged by dislocation of shoulder?
axillary artery
47
axillary nerve injury
paralysis of deltoid | altered sensation or numbness of upper lateral arm
48
radial nerve injury
weakness of triceps | so impaired elbow extension
49
what parts joint at elbow joint?
trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna | capitellum of humerus with head of radius
50
anterior border of axilla
pectoralis major and minor
51
posterior border of axilla
subscapularis, teres major and latissimus dorsi
52
lateral border of axilla
upper humerus
53
medial border of axilla
serratus anterior and chest wall
54
apex of axilla
1st ribs, clavicle, scapula
55
base of axilla
skin and fascia
56
contents of axilla
lymph nodes | axillary artery
57
axillary vein
brachial plexus
58
what artery is the axillary artery a continuation of?
subclavian
59
what artery does the axillary artery become and when does this happen?
becomes brachial artery | as crosses teres major
60
stages of brachial plexus
``` roots trunks divisions cords branches ```
61
axillary nerve roots
C5 and C6 | branch of posterior cord
62
axillary nerve function
motor to deltoid and teres major | sensory to upper lateral arm
63
radial nerve roots
C5-T1 | posterior cord
64
radial nerve function
motor to triceps and posterior forearm | sensory to arm, forearm and hand
65
roots of musculocutaneous nerve
C5-C7
66
musculocutaneous nerve function
motor to anterior arm | sensory to forearm
67
median nerve roots
C6-T1
68
median nerve function
motor to anterior forearm and thumb muscles | sensory to lateral palm and digits
69
ulnar nerve roots
C8-T1
70
ulnar nerve function
motor to muscles of hand | sensory to median hand and medial digits
71
muscles of anterior arm
biceps brachii brachialis coracobrachialis
72
nerve for muscles of anterior forearm
musculocutaneous nerve
73
origins of biceps brachii
long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula | short head - coracoid process of scapula
74
insertion of biceps brachii
radial tuberosity of humerus
75
actions of biceps brachii
flexor at elbow and shoulder | supinator of forearm when flexed
76
brachialis origin
anterior lower shaft of humerus
77
insertion of brachialis
ulnar tuberosity
78
action of brachialis
flexor at elbow
79
origin of corachobrachialis
coracoid process of scapular
80
insertion of corachobrachialis
medial middle humerus
81
action of corachobrachialis
weak flexor of shoulder
82
cubital fossa borders
medial - pronator teres lateral - brachioradialis superior - line between lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus
83
contents of cubital fossa
biceps brachii tendon brachial artery, bifurcates into radial and ulnar arteries median nerve radial nerve
84
which nerve may be injured by fracture to medial epicondyle of humerus?
ulnar nerve
85
movements possible at distal and proximal radioulnar joints
pronation | supination
86
movements possible at radiocarpal joint
flexion extension adduction abduction
87
innervation of muscles in anterior forearm
median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar nerve and lateral 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus - median nerve
88
muscles of anterior forearm
``` pronator teres flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum superficialis flexor digitorum profundus flexor pollicis longus pronator quadratus ```
89
origin of pronator teres
medial epicondyle of humerus
90
action of pronator teres
pronator of proximal radioulnar joint
91
origin of flexor carpi radialis
medial epicondyle of humerus
92
insertion of flexor carpi radialis
radial side of wrist
93
action of flexor carpi radialis
flexes and abducts wrist
94
origin of palmaris longus
medial epicondyle of humerus
95
insertion of palmaris longus
fascia of palm
96
action of flexor carpi ulnaris
flexion and adduction of wrist
97
action of flexor digitorum superficialis
flexes digits 2-4
98
innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
lateral 1/2 median nerve | medial 1/2 ulnar nerve
99
action of flexor pollicis longus
flexes thumb
100
action of pronator quadratus
pronates distal radioulnar joint
101
contents of carpal tunnel
4 tendons FDS 4 tendons FDP tendon FPL median nerve
102
which vein drains lateral forearm?
cephalic
103
which vein drains medial forearm?
basilic
104
which veins form axillary vein?
basilic as it receives deep veins of arm | cephalic also joins
105
what is the most commonly fractured bone of the hand?
scaphoid
106
what muscles are the prime flexors of the wrist?
flexor carpi radialis flexor carpi ulnaris palmaris longus
107
insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis
tendon splits into two slips which insert on either side of middle phalanx of digits 2-5
108
action of flexor digitorum superficialis
flexed MCP joints and PIP joints of digits 2-5
109
insertion of flexor digitorum profundus
palmar aspect of distal phalanx of digits 2-5
110
action of flexor digitorum profundus
only flexor of DIP joint | flexed PIP and MCP joints of digits 2-5
111
insertion of flexor pollicis longus
distal phalanx of thumb
112
action of flexor pollicis longus
flexes IP joint of thumb
113
muscles of thenar eminence
flexor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis
114
insertion of flexor pollicis brevis
proximal phalanx of thumb
115
insertion of abductor pollicis brevis
proximal phalanx of thumb, lateral aspect
116
insertion of opponens pollicis
1st metacarpal
117
innervation of thenar muscles
recurrent branch of the median nerve
118
attachments of adductor pollicis
3rd metacarpal | proximal phalanx of thumb
119
innervation of adductor pollicis
ulnar nerve
120
muscles of hypothenar eminence
flexor digiti minimi abductor digiti minimi opponens digiti minimi
121
insertion of flexor digiti minimi
proximal phalanx of digit 5
122
insertion of abductor digiti minimi
proximal phalanx of digit 5
123
insertion of opponens digiti minimi
5th metacarpal
124
innervation of hypothenar muscles
deep branch of ulnar nerve
125
origin of lumbricals
tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
126
insertion of lumbricals
dorsal aspect of proximal phalanges of digits 2-5
127
innervation of lumbricals
lateral two by median nerve | medial two by ulnar nerve
128
how many interossei are there?
3 palmar interossei | 4 dorsal interossei
129
action of interossei
palmar interossei adduct the fingers dorsal abduct the fingers PAD-DAB also contribute to extension of fingers at IP joints
130
cutaneous innervation of hand
median nerve - palmar surface of lateral hand, palmar surface 3.5 lateral digits, skin over dorsum of distal phalanges of lateral 3.5 digits ulnar - palmar and dorsal surfaces of medial side of hand and medial 1.5 digits radial nerve - dorsal surface of lateral side of hand, skin over dorsum of lateral 3.5 digits up to IP joints
131
what region of skin is definitely innervation by median nerve?
palmar surface of middle finger
132
what region of skin is definitely supplied by ulnar nerve?
medial border of hand
133
what region of skin is definitely supplies by radial nerve?
dorsum of hand, lateral aspect
134
dermatomes of upper lateral arm
C5
135
dermatome of thumb
C6
136
dermatome of middle finger
C7
137
dermatome of medial border of hand
C8
138
dermatome of medial border of elbow
T1
139
which arteries supply the hand?
radial and ulnar | both branches of brachial artery
140
superficial palmar arch of hand
mostly formed from ulnar artery | smaller contributed from radial artery
141
deep palmar arch
largely formed by radial artery | smaller contribution from ulnar artery
142
what do the palmar arches give rise to?
metacarpal and digital arteries that supply palm and digits
143
innervation of posterior forearm
radial nerve
144
muscles of posterior forearm
``` brachioradialis extensor carpi radialis longus extensor carpi radialis brevis extensor digitorum extensor digiti minimi extensor carpi ulnaris ```
145
what is the common extensor origin?
lateral epicondyle of humerus
146
origin of brachioradialis
humerus, proximal to lateral epicondyle
147
insertion of brachioradialis
distal radius
148
action of brachiradialis
weak flexor of elbow joint
149
insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus
2nd metacarpal
150
insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis
3rd metacarpal
151
action of ECRL and ECRB
extend and abduct wrist
152
action of extensor digitorum
extends the digits
153
insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris
5th metacarpal
154
action of extensor digiti minimi
extends little finger
155
action of extensor carpi ulnaris
extends and adducts wrist
156
muscles of deep posterior forearm
``` supinator abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis ```
157
action of supinator
supinates forearm and hand
158
insertion of abductor pollicis longus
1st metacarpal
159
insertion of extensor pollicis brevis
proximal phalanx
160
insertion of extensor pollicis longus
distal phalanx
161
action of extensor pollicis brevis
extends MCP joint
162
action of extensor pollicis longus
extends IP joint of thumb
163
insertion of extensor indicis
dorsum of index finger
164
action of extensor indicis
independent extension of index finger
165
what veins does the dorsal venous network of the hand drain into?
cephalic vein laterally | basilic vein medially
166
insertions of extensor hood
central slip onto middle phalanx | marginal slips onto distal phalanx
167
anatomical snuffbox boundaries
EPL tendon medially | EPB and APL tendons laterally
168
floor of anatomical snuffbox
scaphoid
169
contents of anatomical snuffbox
radial artery | cephalic vein
170
artery supply to posterior forearm
ulnar artery
171
what articulates at shoulder joint?
glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus
172
tendon of which muscle contributes to stability of shoulder joint?
long head of biceps
173
what articulates at elbow joint?
trochlea of humerus with trochlea notch of ulnar | capitellum of humerus and radial head
174
what joints are present in elbow joint?
medial and lateral collateral ligaments
175
what ligament holds radial head in place?
anular ligament of the radius
176
what type of joint is wrist joint?
condyloid
177
what type of joint is radioulnar joint
pivot
178
what type of joint is the first metacarpal joint?
saddle joint | between trapezium and 1st metacarpal
179
what type of joints are MCP joints?
condyloid
180
what type of joints are interphalangeal joints?
hinge joints
181
what type of joint is the knee joint?
hinge joint
182
what type of joint is the ankle joint?
hinge joint
183
what articulates at ankle joint?
distal ends of tibia and fibula with talus

upper and lower limb anatomy (2 decks)

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