Lower limb

Question 1

Anterior Compartment of the Leg

Answer 1

Muscles:
Pectineus, Iliopsoas, Iliacus, Sartorius, Quadriceps Femoris Muscles (Rectus femoris Vastus medialis, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius)

Motor and sensory innervation:
Femoral Nerve & Obturator Nerve

Blood Supply:
Femoral Artery and its branches.

Question 2

Femoral Triangle

Answer 2

Boarders:
Sartorius - Lateral
Adductor Longus - Medial
Inguinal Ligament - Superior

Floor:
Iliopsoas, Pectineus, Adductor longus

Contents:

Femoral artery and vein with associated lymph nodes in femoral sheath. Femoral nerve.

Question 3

Femoral artery

Answer 3

From external iliac arteries at inguinal ligament.
Courses suprificial along the femur eventually wrapping to the posterior aspect of the leg to exit at the adductor hiatus becoming the popliteal artery.

Question 4

Profunda Femoris

Answer 4

Branches -
lateral femoral circumflex
Medial femoral circumflex
Perforating branches 1-4 (perforate the adductor magnus to the posterior and medial compartments of the thigh.

Question 5

Medial Compartment of the Leg

Answer 5

Muscles:
Gracilis, Adductor longus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Magnus, Obturator externus

Motor and Sensory Innervation:
Obturator Nerve and Tibial Nerve

Anterior division of Obturator Nerve innervates the gracilis, adductor longus and pectineus (anterior compartment)

Posterior division innervates the remaining muscles of the medial compartment

Blood Supply:
Obturator artery.

Question 6

Adductor Canal

Answer 6

Boundaries:
Anteriorly - sartorius
Posteriormedially - Adductor Magnus and Longus
Medially - Vastus Medialis

Contents:
Femoral Artery and Vein
Nerve to Vastus Medialis
Saphenous Nerve

Question 7

Piriformis Muscle

Answer 7

Function: Latterly rotates the thigh
Innervation: Nerve to the periformis
Blood Supply: Superior and Inferior gluteal arteries, Lateral Sacral artery

**Landmark Muscles:
Superior gluteal vessels on superior boarder

Inferior gluteal vessels, Internal pudendal vessels, nerve to Piriformis, Pudendal nerve, and Sciatic nerve on inferior boarder

Question 8

Lateral rotators of the thigh

Answer 8

Piriformis, Superior and Inferior gemellius, Obturator internus, Quadratus femoris

Question 9

Abductors of the thigh

Answer 9

Gluteal medius and minimus, Tensor fascia lata

Question 10

Patellar relex

Answer 10

Striking the patellar ligament with a reflex hammer just below the patella stretches the muscle spindle in the quadriceps muscle. This produces a signal which travels back to the spinal cord and synapses (without interneurons) at the level of L4 in the spinal cord, completely independent of higher centres

Question 11

Lateral Plantar Nerve

Answer 11

Branch of the tibial nerve. supplies skin of the fifth toe and lateral half of the fourth, as well as the Interossei, adductor hallucis, abductor digiti minimi, and quadratus plantae muscles

Question 12

Sural Nerve

Answer 12

aka: short saphenous nerve.

From the median sural cutaneous nerve (branch of the tibial nerve)

Runs with small saphenous vein and provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the foot.

Often used for nerve grafts and nerve biopsy.

Question 13

Nerves of the foot

Answer 13

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Question 14

Pott’s Fracture

Answer 14

Bimalleolar fracure of the fibula and tibia Strain of the deltoid ligament causing fracture of the medial malleolus and fibula. results from extreme abduction and lateral rotation of the ankle.

Question 15

Tibial nerve innervation and branches

Answer 15

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Question 16

Tarsal Tunnel

Answer 16

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