Lower Limb Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is the significance of radiographic imaging for the lower limb?
It helps in diagnosing and managing musculoskeletal disorders, detecting fractures, evaluating joint health, assessing soft tissue issues, examining bone alignment, planning surgeries, and monitoring chronic conditions.
Radiographic imaging is crucial for identifying various conditions and planning treatment in lower limb pathologies.
What components make up the pelvis?
The pelvis consists of 2 hip bones (pelvic bones), sacrum, and coccyx.
The pelvis connects the axial skeleton to the lower limbs and serves as a structural foundation.
What are the gender differences in pelvis structure?
- Women: Gynaecoid pelvis, wider and lighter, adapted for childbirth.
- Men: Android pelvis, narrower and heart-shaped.
These differences are significant for anatomical and clinical considerations.
What is the function of the femur?
The femur provides attachment for many muscles and ligaments of the lower body and is the only bone in the thigh.
It is also the longest bone in the body.
Where is the patella located?
The patella is located at the front of the knee joint.
It plays an important role in leg extension and protection of the knee joint.
What are the key characteristics of the tibia?
- Medial side of the lower leg, forms the shin.
- Second-largest bone in the body, larger bone of the lower leg.
- Important in weight-bearing.
The tibia is crucial for stability and support during movement.
What is the role of the fibula?
The fibula is located on the lateral side of the lower leg and acts as an attachment for muscles but does not bear weight.
It helps stabilize the ankle joint.
What are the three groups of tarsal bones?
- Proximal Group: Talus, Calcaneus.
- Intermediate Group: Navicular.
- Distal Group: Cuboid, Cuneiforms.
These groups are important for the structure and function of the ankle and hindfoot.
What is the function of the hip joint?
The hip joint connects the lower limb to the pelvic girdle, providing stability and weight-bearing capacity, allowing a wide range of movement.
It is a ball and socket synovial joint.
What type of joint is the knee joint?
The knee joint is a hinge synovial joint.
It allows for flexion and extension of the leg.
What is the primary function of the ankle joint?
The ankle joint allows dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the foot and carries the body’s weight.
It is classified as a hinge synovial joint.
Fill in the blank: The subtalar joint allows _______ and pivoting.
[foot rotation]
It provides balance and shock absorption.
What is the clinical importance of the AP view in radiographic imaging?
- Detects fractures, evaluates alignment.
- Identifies joint dislocations and bone abnormalities.
- Assesses joint space and degradation.
- Reveals signs of soft tissue injuries.
The AP view reduces unnecessary radiation exposure and improves diagnostic accuracy.
What are the articulating bones in the metatarsophalangeal joint (MTP)?
The metatarsal bones and proximal phalanges of the toes.
This joint is important for walking, allowing flexion, extension, and some abduction/adduction.
True or False: The interphalangeal joints allow flexion and extension of the toes.
True
These joints are crucial for mobility and function of the toes.
What is the function of imaging in monitoring chronic conditions?
Imaging helps track the progression of conditions like arthritis or degenerative diseases.
Regular imaging is essential for effective management of chronic musculoskeletal conditions.
What is the structure of metatarsal bones?
Each metatarsal bone has a head, neck, shaft, and base (distal to proximal).
There are 5 metatarsal bones, one for each digit.
What is a key characteristic of the calcaneus?
The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone in the hindfoot region and bears weight when walking.
It articulates with the subtalar joint and other tarsal bones.
What are the articulating bones of the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
The anterior surface of the talus articulates with the navicular bone.
This joint plays a role in foot movement and flexibility.
What is the primary role of the intermetatarsal joints?
The intermetatarsal joints allow small movements between adjacent metatarsals to aid in foot flexibility.
These joints contribute to the overall mobility of the foot.
What is the function of the tarsometatarsal joints?
The tarsometatarsal joints provide limited movement and help form the transverse arch of the foot.
These joints consist of the distal surfaces of tarsal bones and proximal bases of metatarsals.
What is the positioning for an Oblique Hip X-ray?
Supine on table, rotate 45° onto affected side.
Central ray is perpendicular to image receptor, with the hip joint in oblique profile.
Where should the vertical beam be centered for an Oblique Hip X-ray?
Centered on femoral pulse at groin of affected side.
What is the limb positioning for an Oblique Hip X-ray?
Hip abducted and flexed 45°, knee flexed, lateral aspect of thigh in contact with tabletop.
