Lower Limb 2

Question 1

Which bone forms the medial malleolus?

Answer 1

The tibia.

Question 2

Which bone forms the lateral malleolus?

Answer 2

The fibula.

Question 3

What is the action of the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 3

Dorsiflexion of the foot.

Question 4

What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 4

Synovial plane joint.

Question 5

What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?

Answer 5

Fibrous joint.

Question 6

What holds the tibia and fibula together?

Answer 6

Interosseus membrane.

Question 7

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment?

Answer 7

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicus longus
Fibularis tertius.

Question 8

What are the 4 main movements of the ankle?

Answer 8

Dorsiflexion
plantarflexion
inversion
eversion

Question 9

What is the strongest dorsiflexor of the ankle?

Answer 9

Tibialis anterior

Question 10

What are the two divisions of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 10

Tibial nerve

Common fibular nerve

Question 11

What are the two divisions of the popliteal artery?

Answer 11

Anterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial artery

Question 12

What is the division of the common fibular nerve? where does the division occur?

Answer 12

The deep fibular nerve.
The superficial fibular nerve.
Lateral side of head of fibula.

Question 13

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 13

Deep fibular nerve

Question 14

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 14

The superficial fibular nerve.

Question 15

Which artery runs with the deep fibular nerve?

Answer 15

Anterior tibial artery.

Question 16

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment?

Answer 16

Fibularis longus, Fibularis brevis.

Question 17

What is the action of the lateral compartment?

Answer 17

Eversion

assist with plantar flexion (but weak compared to posterior compartment).

Question 18

What is the blood supply to the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 18

Perforating arteries from arteries nearby (doesn’t have its own unique supply).

Question 19

Which nerve is damaged in foot drop?

Answer 19

The common fibular nerve.

Question 20

Which side of the leg does the lesser saphenous vein descend on?

Answer 20

posterior aspect of the leg

Question 21

Which side of the leg does the greater saphenous vein descend on?

Answer 21

the medial side.

Question 22

Which artery does the dorsals pedis arise from?

Answer 22

The anterior tibial artery.

Question 23

Where is the dorsalis pedis palpated?

Answer 23

In between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones.

Question 24

Where is the popliteal pulse located?

Answer 24

Posterior to the medial malleolus.

Question 25

What is the nerve supply of the dorsal of the foot?

Answer 25

Deep fibular nerve (carries on from anterior compartment).

Question 26

What are the muscles on the dorsal side of the foot?

Answer 26

extensor digitorum brevis extensor hallicus brevis extensor digiti minimi dorsal Interosseus

Question 27

Where do the tendons of extensor hallicus brevis and extensor digitorum brevis insert to?

Answer 27

The tendons of the longus muscles (extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus).

Question 28

Which ligaments hold the distal tibia and fibular together?

Answer 28

The anterior tibiofibular ligament | posterior tibiofibular ligament,

Question 29

Which bones create the ankle joint?

Answer 29

Tibia fibula talus

Question 30

When do the malleoli grip the talus tightest?

Answer 30

Dorsiflexion. | the ankle is more free to movement on plantar flexion.

Question 31

What are the main bones of the foot?

Answer 31

``` Talus calcaneus navicular cuboid cuneiform 1st, 2nd, 3rd. ```

Question 32

What are the names of the ankle ligaments?

Answer 32

Medial: Deltoid Lateral: posterior talofibular anterior talofibular calcaneofibular

Question 33

Which ligaments of the ankle are weakest?

Answer 33

The lateral ligament

Question 34

What are the lateral ligaments?

Answer 34

anterior talofibular posterior talofibular calcaneofibular

Question 35

Which movement of the foot causes most ligament sprains?

Answer 35

Inversion - stresses the lateral ligament.

Question 36

What is the function of tibialis anterior?

Answer 36

Dorsiflexion | Inversion

Question 37

What is the function of extensor hallicus longus?

Answer 37

Dorsiflex the foot extend the big toe extensor hallicus brevis just extends the toe

Question 38

What is the function of extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 38

Dorsiflex the foot extend the 2nd-5th toes. extensor digitorum brevis just extends the toes.

Question 39

Which muscles invert the foot?

Answer 39

tibialis anterior | tibialis posterior

Question 40

Which muscles evert the foot?

Answer 40

Fibularis longus | Fibularis brevis.

Question 41

Which nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 41

The tibial nerve

Question 42

What is the blood supply to the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 42

The posterior tibial artery

Question 43

What are the borders of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 43

Superior medial - semitendinosus superior lateral - biceps femoris inferior - lateral and medial head of gastrocnemius.

Question 44

What is the position of the popliteal artery and vein?

Answer 44

the popliteal artery lies medial to the popliteal vein.

Question 45

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 45

``` fat popliteal artery popliteal vein common fibular nerve tibial nerve popliteal lymph nodes ```

Question 46

What is the function of plantaris muscle?

Answer 46

Knee flexion | foot plantar flexion

Question 47

Which muscles Create the Achilles Tendon?

Answer 47

Gastrocnemius soleus plantaris

Question 48

Where does the Achilles Tendon insert?

Answer 48

The posterior aspect of the calcaneus bone.

Question 49

Which muscles are in the posterior compartment?

Answer 49

superficial: gastrocnemius soleus plantaris ``` deep: popliteus flexor hallicus longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior ```

Question 50

Which muscles enter the foot posterior to the lateral malleolus?

Answer 50

flexor digitorum longus flexor hallicus longus tibialis posterior

Question 51

What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel?

Answer 51

Tom dick and very nervous harry. ``` tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus posterior tibial artery posterior tibial vein tibial nerve flexor hallicus longus ```

Question 52

Which muscle creates an arch for the popliteus vessels and tibial nerve to run through?

Answer 52

The tibial and fibular head of soleus.

Question 53

What is the other name of the Achilles Tendon?

Answer 53

Calcaneal tendon.

Question 54

What is the function of the popliteus muscle?

Answer 54

It initiates flexion of the knee.

Question 55

Which joints of the foot allow for inversion and eversion?

Answer 55

``` The subtler joints talonavicular joint (balla and socket) talocalcaneal joint ```

Question 56

What are the arches of the foot?

Answer 56

the spring ligament - plantar calcaneonavicular ligament. short plantar ligament long plantar ligament plantar aponeurosis.

Question 57

What is the 1st layer of the plantar foot?

Answer 57

abductor hallicus abductor digiti minimi flexor digitorum brevis

Question 58

What is the 2nd layer of the plantar foot?

Answer 58

``` flexor digitorum longus tendon flexor hallicus longus tendon flexor digitorum accessoris medial plantar nerve and artery lateral plantar nerve and artery ```

Question 59

Which nerve innervates the plantar foot muscles?

Answer 59

two branches of the tibial nerve: medial plantar nerve lateral plantar nerve

Question 60

Which arteries innervates the plantar foot?

Answer 60

Branches of posterior tibial artery: medial plantar artery lateral plantar artery

Question 61

what structures hold the muscles of the foot in place on the dorsal side?

Answer 61

Superior extensor retinaculum and inferior extensor retinaculum.

Question 62

where does the tendon of tibialis anterior inset?

Answer 62

It goes medial to the medial cuneiform. it is the most medial of the extensor tendons.

Question 63

what is the function of Fibularis tertius?

Answer 63

Dorsiflexion | + complements the lateral compartment to evert the foot.

Question 64

What muscles are on the dorsum of the foot?

Answer 64

Extensor digitorum brevis | extensor hallicus brevis.

Question 65

What is the dorsalis pedis artery?

Answer 65

an extension of the anterior tibial artery. runs with the deep tibial nerve.

Question 66

What 4 bones makes up the transverse tarsal joint?

Answer 66

Talonavicular. calcaneocuboidal. + subtler joint ^these joints allow for inversion and eversion.

Question 67

What is the action of the gastrocnemius?

Answer 67

On its own - flexion of the knee joint with the soleus and plantaris - plantar flexion of the foot.

Question 68

what is the plantaris?

Answer 68

A muscle deep to the soleus and gastrocnemius - its ascent in 10-15% of people.

Question 69

Popliteus?

Answer 69

1st 15 degrees of flexion at the knee, unlocks the joint.