Lower limb

Question 1

Name the five ligaments of the hip joint

Answer 1

Ligament of femoral head
Transverse acetabular ligament
Iliofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament

Question 2

Name the movements of the hip joint

Answer 2

Internal and external rotation
Flexion
Extension
Adduction and abduction
Circumsduction

Question 3

Where is the most commonly fractured site on the femur?

Answer 3

Neck - is at 126 degrees to the shaft for a larger ROM

Question 4

What muscles insert into the greater trochanter of the femur?

Answer 4

Glute minimus and medius
Piriformis
Obturator internus and externus
Superior and inferior gemelli

Question 5

What muscles insert into the lesser trochanter of the femur?

Answer 5

Iliopsoas

Part of adductor magnus

Question 6

What is the long ridge running down posterior femur?

Answer 6

Linea aspera

Question 7

What are the three ridges that form linea aspera and name the muscles that attach to it

Answer 7

Lateral ridge - gluteal tuberosity - glute max
Intermediate ridge - pectineal line - pectineus
Medial ridge - interotrochanteric line - vastus medialis

Question 8

Name the two articulations in the knee joint and what they are between.

Answer 8

Tibiofemoral articulation - btwn lateral and medial condyles of femur and lateral and medial condyles of tibia.
Patellofemoral articulation - btwn patellar surface and patella

Question 9

What kind of joint is the knee joint and what movements does it allow?

Answer 9

Synovial hinge joint - flexion and extension.

Question 10

What is found in between the tibiofemoral articulation?

Answer 10

Medial and lateral menisci - fibrocartilaginous pads

Question 11

What’s the purpose of menisci?

Answer 11

increase joint stability and shock absorber

Question 12

Patella is a sesamoid bone formed within which tendon?

Answer 12

Quadriceps femoris

Question 13

What is the ankle joint?

Answer 13

Made up of the talocrural and talocalcaneal joint
Talocrural joint - Synovial hinge jnt formed between the medial malleolus of tibia, lateral malleolus of fibula and talus of foot
Talocalcaneal joint - between talus and calcaneus (aka subtalar jnt)

Question 14

Name the movements enabled by the ankle joint

Answer 14

Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion - both via talocrural
Very slight eversion and inversion via subtalar jnt

Question 15

Name the groups of bones forming the foot

Answer 15

Tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges (prox, intermed and dist)

Question 16

Name the tarsal bones

Answer 16

Talus, calcaneus - prox row
Navicular - intermediate row
Medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform, cuboid - distal row

Question 17

What do the three cuneiform bones articulate with?

Answer 17

Medial 3 metatarsals, cuboid, navicular

Question 18

Name the superficial muscles of the pelvic girdle

Answer 18

Glute max, med, min

Tensor fascia latae

Question 19

Name the deep muscles of the pelvic girdle

Answer 19

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
quadratus femoris

Question 20

Name the muscles in the anterior component of thigh

Answer 20

Quadriceps
Sartorius
Pectineus
Iliopsoas

Question 21

What nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior component of the thigh

Answer 21

Femoral n

Question 22

What is the Trendelenburg sign?

Answer 22

A dropping of the pelvis opposite to the affected side when they stand on the affected leg
Shows a weakness in the hip abductors

Question 23

Name the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

Answer 23

Adductor longus, brevis and magnus
Gracilis
Obturator externus

Question 24

name the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh

Answer 24

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

Question 25

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 25

Tibialis anterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus

Question 26

What nerve innervates the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 26

Deep fibular n

Question 27

What artery supplies the anterior muscles of the leg

Answer 27

Anterior tibial a

Question 28

Name the arches in the foot

Answer 28

Medial and lateral longitudinal arches | Transverse arch

Question 29

Which bones in the foot help form the arches in the foot?

Answer 29

Transverse - cuneiforms and cuboid Medial - 1st metatarsal, navicular, talus Lateral - 4th metatarsal, cuboid, calcaneus

Question 30

Name the functions of glute max

Answer 30

Extensor of thigh | Lateral rotation

Question 31

Origins and insertion of glute max

Answer 31

Origin: sacrum, ileum, thoracolumbar fascia, sacrotuberous ligament Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract

Question 32

Innervation of glute max

Answer 32

Inferior gluteal n

Question 33

Glute medius insertions and origin

Answer 33

Origin: Gluteal surface of ilium Insertion: Lateral surface of greater trochanter

Question 34

Glute minimus origin and insertion

Answer 34

Origin: deeper and inferior to glute med on the ilium Insertion: anterior surface of greater trochanter

Question 35

Glute medius and minimus innervation

Answer 35

Sup gluteal n

Question 36

Functions of glute medius and minimus

Answer 36

Abduction and medial rotation | Stabilisation of pelvis

Question 37

Origin and insertion of tensor fascia latae

Answer 37

Origin: ASIS Insertion: iliotibial tract

Question 38

Function of tensor fascia latae?

Answer 38

Same as glute med and min

Question 39

Innervation of tensor fascia latae?

Answer 39

Sup gluteal n

Question 40

Origin and insertion of iliopsoas

Answer 40

Origin: meriging of the iliacus and psoas maj muscles Insertion: Lesser trochanter femur

Question 41

Functions of iliopsoas

Answer 41

Flexion and lateral rotation of thigh

Question 42

Origin and insertion of sartorius

Answer 42

Origin: ASIS Insertion: medial surface of tibia

Question 43

Function of sartorius

Answer 43

Flexion, lateral rotation, weak abduction