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upper limb Flashcards

(124 cards)

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1
Q

List the functions of pec major

A

Adducts, flexes, medially rotates humerus

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2
Q

Innervation of pec major?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

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3
Q

Where does the pec major arise from and insert into?

A

Arises from: medial half of clavicle, first 6 CC, aponeurosis of external oblique
Insertion: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus

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4
Q

How would you test the actions of pec major?

A

Ask the patient to adduct, medially rotate or extend the shoulder against resistance (ie. testing the gleno-humeral jnt)

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5
Q

Innervation of pec minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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6
Q

Function of pec minor

A

Stabilises scapula

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7
Q

Origin and insertion of pec minor

A

Origin: ant surface ribs 3-5
Insertion: coracoid process scapula

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8
Q

Function of subclavius

A

Stabilises & depresses clavicle

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9
Q

Origin and insertion of subclavius

A

Origin: First CC
Insertion: Middle 3rd clavicle

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10
Q

Origin and insertion of serratus ant

A

Origin: lateral aspect of ribs 1-8
Insertion: Medial border scapula

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11
Q

Function of serratus ant

A

Laterally rotate scapula

Protracts scapula under the ribcage

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12
Q

Innervation of serratus ant

A

Long thoracic nerve

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13
Q

What happens when the nerve innervating serratus anterior is damaged

A

Winged scapula

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14
Q

Test the function of serratus ant

A

Ask patient to push arm out against resistance

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15
Q

Name the seven motions of the gleno-humeral jnt

A

Abduction, adduction, extension, flexion, medial and lateral rotation, circumsduction

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16
Q

Name the 6 motions of the scapulothoracic jnt

A

Elevation, depression, medial and lateral rotation, protraction, retraction

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17
Q

Name the 4 movements of the wrist jnt

A

Flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation

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18
Q

Name the extrinsic shoulder muscles

A

Lat dorsi, trapezius, levator scapulae, rhomboid maj and min

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19
Q

Origin and insertion of lat dorsi

A

Origin: Iliac crest, vertebrae T7-L5, ribs 10-12, inf angle scapula
Insertion: intertubercular groove

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20
Q

Innervation of lat dorsi

A

Thoraco-dorsal nerve

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21
Q

Function of lat dorsi

A

Adducts, medially rotates and extends humerus

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22
Q

How would you test for lat dorsi

A

Ask patient to adduct arm against resistance

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23
Q

Origin and insertion of traps

A

Origin: occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T12
Insertion: clavicle, acromion process, scapular spine

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24
Q

Functions of trap

A

Elevates, rotates, retracts, depresses scapula

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25
Innervation of trap
CN11 accessory nerve
26
Test the trap
Shrug shoulders against resistance
27
Innervation of levator scapulae
Dorsal scapular n
28
Function of levator scapulae
Elevates scapula (obv)
29
Origin and insertion of levator scapulae
Origin: transverse processes C1-4 Insertion: medial border scapula
30
Origin and insertion of rhomboid maj
Origin: spinous processes T2-T5 Insertion: medial border scapula
31
Innervation of rhomboid maj
Dorsal scapular n
32
Functions of rhomboid maj
Retracts & medially rotates (elevation) scapula
33
Origin and insertion of rhomboid minor
Origin: spinous processes C7-T1 and ligamentum nuachae Insertion: medial border scapula @ spine
34
Innervation and functions of rhomboid minor
Same as rhomboid maj. Dorsal scapular n and medially rotates (elevation) and retracts scapula
35
Name the intrinsic shoulder muscles
Deltoid, teres major, rotator cuff muscles
36
Innervation of deltoid
Axillary n
37
Origin and insertion of deltoid
Origin: Acromion, scap spine, lateral 3rd clavicle Insertion: deltoid tuberosity on humerus
38
Main function of deltoid
Abduction of arm
39
Testing the function of deltoid
Ask patient to abduct arm against resistance
40
Origin and insertion of teres maj
Origin: Lat asp of inf angle scap Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus
41
Functions of teres maj
Adduct, retract, medially rotate humerus
42
Innervation of teres maj
Lower subscapular n
43
Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor
44
Which rotator cuff musc is the only one that attaches to the lesser tubercle of humerus?
Subscapularis
45
Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for abduction of the arm through the first 15 degrees?
Supraspinatus
46
Innervation of subscapularis
Upper & lower subscapular n
47
Origin and insertion of subscapularis
Origin: subscap fossa (anterior) Insertion: Lesser tubercle humerus
48
Where do 3 of the rotator cuff muscles insert?
Greater tubercle of humerus
49
Origin of supraspinatus
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
50
Origin of infraspinatus
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
51
Function of infraspinatus
Laterally rotate arm
52
Origin of teres min
Lateral border scapula
53
Function of teres minor
Laterally rotate humerus
54
Innvervation of teres minor
Axillary n
55
How to test lateral rotation and abduction of shoulder
Put arms behind neck against resistance
56
How to test medial rotation of shoulder and subscapularis
Ask patient to put their hands far up their back against resistance
57
Name the 3 anterior muscles of the arm
Biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis
58
Function of biceps
Flexes elbow and main supinator of forearm
59
Blood supply of anterior arm muscles
Brachial artery
60
Innervation of all anterior arm muscles
Musculocutaneous n
61
Origin of the two heads of biceps
Short head: coracoid process of scapula | Long head: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
62
Insertion of biceps
Radial tuberosity
63
Testing the function of biceps (easy)
Ask patient to flex elbow against resistance, stabilising elbow jnt
64
Function of brachialis
Flexor of forearm
65
Origin and insertion of brachialis
Origin: middle of humeral shaft Insertion: Ulnar tuberosity
66
Origin and insertion coracobrachialis
Origin: coracoid process of scapula Insertion: middle of medial aspect humerus
67
Function of coracobrachialis
Flexion and adduction humerus
68
Name the only muscle in the posterior compartment of the arm
Triceps brachii
69
Where does the common tendon of the three heads of triceps insert?
Olecranon of ulna
70
Origin of the long, medial and lateral heads of the triceps
Long: infraglenoid tubercle Medial and lateral: posterior surface of humerus Medial originates inf to radial groove Lateral originates sup to radial groove
71
Innervation of triceps
Radial n
72
Function of triceps
Extension of the forearm
73
Testing the function of triceps
Ask patient to bend the arm at the elbow and then straighten the elbow against resistance, stabilising the elbow jnt
74
Name the superficial muscles in the ant compartment forearm
Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor carpi radialis Pronator teres Palmaris longus
75
Function of pronator teres
Pronates radius about the ulna
76
Which superficial ant compartment muscle of the forearm is not innervated by the median nerve? What nerve supplies it?
Flexor carpi ulnaris - ulnar n
77
Where do all the superficial and intermediate muscles of the ant forearm originate?
Common flexor tendon @ medial epicondyle of humerus
78
Function of flexor carpi radialis
Flexes wrists and radial deviation
79
Function of palmaris longus
Weak flexion of wrist
80
Attachment of palmaris longus
Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis
81
Function of flexor carpi ulnaris
Wrist flexion and ulnar deviation
82
Attachment of flexor carpi ulnaris
Pisiform, hamate and 5th metacarpal
83
Testing the superficial flexors of ant forearm
Ask patient to hold hands up like a boxer Pronate the forearms to activate pronator teres Flex wrists against resistance
84
Name the muscle in the intermediate forearm (anterior)
Flexor digitorum superficialis
85
Origin and insertion of FDS
Origin: common flexor tendon Insertion: 4 intermediate phalanges
86
Function of FDS
Flexes wrist | Flexes MCP and PIPs of last 4 digits
87
Innervation of FDS
Median n
88
Testing FDS
Flex the PIP of the last 4 digits against resistance whilst stabilising proximal phalanx
89
Name the three deep muscles of the anterior forearm
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Pronator quadratus
90
List the contents of the carpal tunnel
Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus Median n
91
Function of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexes DIP jnt | Assists in MCP flexion
92
Innervation of FDP
Medial 2 tendons - ulnar n | Lateral 2 tendons - median n
93
Testing for the FDP
Ask patient to flex DIP jnt against resistance whilst stabilising the jnt
94
Function of pronator quadratus
Pronates forearm
95
Testing for the pronator teres and quadratus
Pronate arm against resistance whilst holding elbow
96
Which nerve innervates all the muscles in the posterior forearm?
Radial n
97
Name the superficial muscles in the posterior forearm
``` Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Anconeus ```
98
Name the deep muscles in the posterior forearm
``` Supinator Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor indices ```
99
Testing for the muscles in the posterior forearm (name 2)
1. Flatten hand and extend wrist against resistance | 2. Flatten fingers on a flat surface and extend against resistance
100
Name the intrinsic hand muscles
``` Interossei Lumbricals Thenar muscles Hypothenar muscles Adductor pollicis ```
101
How many interossei are there and what are their functions?
3 Palmar - Adduction of digits at MCP | 4 Dorsal - Abduction of digits at MCP
102
Where in the hand do the interossei originate and attach?
Origin: Between the metacarpals Insertion: respective proximal phalanges Palmar and dorsal surfaces
103
Innervation of interossei
Ulnar n
104
Test for the palmar interossei
Palmar interossei ADduct the digits | Put a piece of paper between each of the 4 medial digits and try to take the paper out
105
Test for dorsal interossei
Spread all the digits out | Keep digits spread out whilst trying to push them together
106
Function of lumbricals
Flex MCP | Extend IPs
107
Innervation of lumbricals
2+3 - median n | 4+5 - ulnar n
108
Name the three thenar muscles
Flexor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis Opponens pollicis
109
Innervation of thenar muscles
Median n
110
Name the 3 hypothenar muscles
Abductor digiti mini Flexor digiti minimi brevis Opponens digiti minimi
111
Innervation of hypothenars
Ulnar n
112
Testing for the thenars and hypothenars
Patient touches thumb and little finger, try and separate them
113
Innervation and function of adductor pollicis
Adducts thumb | Ulnar n
114
What are the borders of the axilla?
Anterior border: pec maj and min Medial border: thoracic wall and serratus ant Posterior border: subscapularis, latissimus dorsi, teres maj Lateral border: intertubercular groove of humerus
115
What are the contents of the axilla?
``` Axillary artery and vein Brachial plexus Axillary lymph nodes Tendon of short head biceps Tendon of coracobrachialis ```
116
What are the borders of the cubital fossa?
Lateral border: medial border brachioradialis Medial border: lateral border pronator teres Superior border: line between epicondyles of humerus The floor of the fossa is formed by the brachialis
117
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
Radial n Median n Brachial artery Biceps tendon
118
What forms the carpal tunnel?
Carpal bones and flexor retinaculum
119
Which bones does flexor retinaculum attach to?
Radial side: trapezium and scaphoid | Ulnar side: pisiform and hamate
120
What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?
Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus
121
Name the borders of the anatomical snuffbox
Medial: Tendon of extensor pollicis longus Lateral :Tendons of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis Proximal border: Styloid process of radius Floor: Scaphoid and trapezium
122
What are the contents of the anatomical snuff box?
Radial artery Superficial branch of radial n Cephalic vein
123
What nerve roots does the bicep tendon reflex test?
C5 and C6
124
What nerve roots does the tricep tendon reflex test?
C6 and C7

OSPE limbs (2 decks)

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