Lower limb

Question 1

what are the boundaries and contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 1

superior: inguinal ligament
medial: adductor longus
lateral: sartorius

medial to lateral: femoral vein, artery and nerve

Question 2

what is the saphenous opening?

what is the clinical importance?

Answer 2

gap inferior to inguinal ligament

great saphenous vein and lymphatics run through it

Question 3

what is lateral to the femoral ring?

Answer 3

femoral vein

Question 4

collateral lateral ligaments of ankle

Answer 4

posteior talofibular ligament

calcanealfibular ligament

anterior talofibular ligament

Question 5

what is the fascia lata?

Answer 5

stocking type of fascia, deep fascia of thigh

Question 6

medial/ deltoid ligaments of ankle

Answer 6

tibiotalar ligament posterior and anterior

tibiocalcaneal

tibionavicular

Question 7

spring ligament

Answer 7

plantar calcaneonavicular

Question 8

unhappy knee triad-

Answer 8

medial collateral ligament

anterior cruciate

medial meniscus

foot fixed and force applied against knee (MCL attached tightly to meniscus)

blow to lateral side of knee

Question 9

type of joint in the hip

Answer 9

ball and socket synovial

Question 10

what type of bone is the patella and two bones attached to first metatarsal

Answer 10

sesamoid

Question 11

medial longitudinal arch

Answer 11

calcaneus, talus, navicular, 3 cuineiforms and 3 metatarsals

supported by anterior and posterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus

Question 12

lateral longitudinal arch

Answer 12

calcaneus, cuboid, lateral 2 metatarsals

supported by flexor digitorum longus

Question 13

transverse arch of foot

Answer 13

metatarsal bases, cuboid and 3 cuneiforms

supported by fibularis longus, plantar ligament and plantar aponeurosis

Question 14

boundaries of popliteal fossa

Answer 14

superlaterally: biceps femoris
superomedial: semimembranosous
inferolateral: lateral head of gastrocneumius
inferomedial: medial head of gasctrocneumius
roof: skin and popliteal fascia
floor: poserior surface of femur, posterior capsule of knee joint, popliteal fascia covering popliteus muscle

Question 15

contents of popliteal fossa- 6 structures

Answer 15

1. termination of small saphenous vein
2. popliteal artery and vein
3. tibial and common fibular nerve
4. posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
5. popliteal lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels
6. fat

Question 16

what are the structures at medial malleolus?

Answer 16

Tibialis posterior

Flexor Digitorum longus

Posterior tibial artery

Posterior tibial vein

Tibial nerve

Flexor hallucis longus

Question 17

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Answer 19

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

what are the bony landmarks related to the sciatic nerve?

Answer 21

between greater trochanter and ischial tuberosity

Question 22

where is the safe area for injection in the gluteal region?

Answer 22

gluteus medius- upper lateral quadrant

avoids scaitic nerve

Question 23

arteries supplying the hip joint

Answer 23

acetabular branch of obturator artery

medial and lateral circumflex femoral artery branches of profunda femoris

Question 24

why is the artery to the head of femur important in babies and children

Answer 24

supplies blood to acetabulum as the cartilage is still ossifying

Question 25

function of iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments

Answer 25

iliofemoral: prevents hyperextension of hip when standing
pubofemoral: tightens extension and resists excessive abduction of hip joint
ischiofemoral: prevents excess extension and limits medial rotation

Question 26

what is the funciton of sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Answer 26

sacrotuberous: stabilises pelvis to limit movement of pelvis and sacrum
sacrospinous: prevents rotation of ilium past sacrum

both divides pelvis to from greater and lesser foramen

Question 27

what type of joint is the knee?

Answer 27

synovial hinge

Question 28

which ligaments are most likely damaged when the ankle is sprained?

Answer 28

usually inversion

anterior talofibular

calcaneofibular

Question 29

Answer 29

A: roof of acetabulum

F: fovea for ligament of head of femur

T: teardrop appearance caused by superimposition of structures at inferior margin of acetabulum

P: posterior rim of acetabulum

Question 30

nerves that supply hip joint

Answer 30

femoral nerve

obturator nerve

superior gluteal nerve

nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 31

3 superficial muscles of posterior compartment of leg and nerve innervation

Answer 31

gastrocneumius

soleus

plantaris

tibial nerve S1-S2