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Anatomy > Thorax- nose > Flashcards

Thorax- nose Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nose and nasal cavities?

A

olfaction (smelling)

respiration

filtration of dust

humidification of inspired air

reception and elimination of secretions from nasal mucosa, paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts

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2
Q

What does the bony part of the nose consist of

A

nasal bones

frontla process of maxillae

nasal part of frontal bone and nasal spine

bony part of nasal septum

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3
Q

What does the cartilaginous part of the nose consist of

A

two lateral cartilages

two alar cartilages (U shaped, can move around)

septal cartilage

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6
Q

where do nasal cavities open to?

what lines it?

A
  • Entered through nares open posteriorly to nasopharynx through choanae
  • Mucosa lines nasal cavities except the vestibule of nose (skin)
    *
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7
Q

boundaries of the nasal cavity

A
  • Roof: curved and narrow except at posterior end
  • Floor- hard palate
  • Medial wall: nasal septum; perpendicular plate of ethmoid, vomer, septal cartilage and nasal crests of maxillary and palatine bones
  • Lateral wall: uneven- nasal conchae and meatus
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8
Q

what is the mucosa of nasal cavities continuous with?

A

all chambers communicating with nasal cavities: nasopharynx (posteriorly), paranasal sinuses (superiorly and laterally), the lacrimal sac and conjunctiva superiorly

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9
Q

what is unique about the olfactory area?

A

specialised mucosa with peripheral organ of smell, sniffing draws air

  • Receptor neurones in olfactory epithelium- forms nerve bundles passing through cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and enters olfactory bulb
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11
Q

what are nasal conchae

A

curves projecting out of the lateral wall

  • inferior, middle and superior

creates meatus for the air to flow

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12
Q

why are meatus’ important in respiration

A

increases surface area- increases amount of air inspired and come in contact with cavity walls

Slows down air flow and makes it turbulent, humidified and cleaned.

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13
Q
A
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14
Q

where is the spheno-ethmoidal recess

A

in superior concha

receives opening of sphenoidal sinus

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15
Q

where is the ethmoidal infundibulum

A

middle meatus communicates with frontal sinus

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16
Q

where is the Semi-lunar hiatus

A

openings of frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses

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17
Q

where does the nasolacrimal duct drain into

A

inferior meatus (tears in eye)

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18
Q

what is the ethmoidal bulla

A

bulge in lateral wall formed by middle ethmoidal sinus

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19
Q
A
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20
Q

what are paranasal sinuses and what do they do

what are they lined with

A

air filled extensions of respiratory part of nasal cavity

humidifies air, makes the skull weigh lighter

respiratory mucosa

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21
Q

Frontal sinus:

A

triangular shaped

  • Frontalnasal duct-> ethmoidal infundibulum -> semilunaris hiatus -> middle meatus
  • CN V1: supra-orbital nerves
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22
Q

Sphenoid sinus

A

level of spheno-ethmoidal recess

Pituitary gland can be accessed via this sinus.

Thin plates of bone separate from optic nerves, pit. Gland, internal carotid arteries

  • Superior meatus

posterior ethmoidal nerves

23
Q

Ethmoidal sinus:

A
  • Anterio– middle meatus
  • Middle– middle (forms ethmoidal bulla)
  • Posterior- superior meatus
  • CN V1 anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of nasociliary nerves
  • Posterior ethmoidal artery and nerve
24
Q

Maxillary sinus

A
  • Maxillary ostium -> Semi lunar hiatus -> Middle meatus (cannot drain when head it erect until full)
  • Base: inferior part of lateral wall of nasal cavity
  • Roof: floor of orbit
  • Floor: alveolar part of maxilla
  • Maxillary artery, branhes of greater palatine artery
  • CV N2: Alveolar nerves
25
Q
A
26
Q
A
27
Q

what is most commonly infected?

what issues arise due to the anatomy of this?

A

maxillary sinus

ostia are high

when the head is vertical it is impossible for the sinuses to drain until they are full

when lying down only the upper sinus of one side drains so there will be rolling at night

28
Q
A
29
Q
A
30
Q

what is the role of epiglottis

A

prevents food from entering trachea due to elevation of hyoid bone

31
Q

function of uvula

A

during swallowing it moves superiorly with soft palate to close off the nasopharynx to prevent food entering nasal cavity

gag reflex can be initated via vagus nerve

32
Q

what bone is this?

A

hyoid bone

33
Q
A
34
Q
A
35
Q

what is the adams apple also known as

A

laryngeal prominence of thyroid cartilage

36
Q

function of arytenoid cartilages

A

attaches to vocal folds to allow movement of vocal chords

37
Q

what is the hard palate made up of

A

palatine process of maxilla and palatine bone

38
Q

what is the choanae

A

posterior nasal aperture

empties into nasopharynx

39
Q

what is respiratory epithelium

A

ciliated psuedostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

40
Q

border of nasopharynx

A

communicates with nasal cavity anteriorly and soft palate

41
Q

borders of oropharynx

A

between soft palate and superior border of epiglottis

42
Q

laryngopharynx border

A

between the superior border of the epiglottis and inferior border of the cricoid cartilage C6

43
Q

opening of auditory (Eustachian) tube

A

opens into the nasopharynx at the level of the inferior meatus. It allows the middle ear to equalise with the atmospheric air pressure.

44
Q

function of soft palate

A

prevents the food bolus from entering the nasopharynx by closing pharyngeal isthmus

45
Q

what nerve innervates all the sinuses and what type of nerve is it

A

trigeminal nerve- mixed nerve

46
Q

sensory nerve supply of nasal cavity

A

special sensory: olfactory nerves

general: nasopalatine and nasociliary nerves CNV1+2

47
Q

paranasal sinuses and sinusitis

A

infection can spread from nasal cavitites to produce inflammation and swelling of mucosa of sinuses as they are continuous

48
Q

cranial nerves and referred pain

A

irritation of cranial nerve V can caise referred ear pain

Anatomy (9 decks)

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