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Anatomy > Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lower Limb Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Longest vein

A

Great saphenous vein

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2
Q

Main nerve supply of Anterior compartment of thigh

A

Femoral nerve

Side( femoral branch on genitofemoral nerve, nerve to pectinous, lateral cutenous nerve of thigh)

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3
Q

Main nerve supply to medial compartment of thigh

A

Obturator nerve

Side (accessory obturator nerve)

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4
Q

Main nerve supply to posterior compartment of thigh

A

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

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5
Q

Essential movements for walking

A

Hip extension and knee flexion

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6
Q

Gangrene

A

Occlusion of popliteal artery due to continuous pulsation on tendon of adductor magnus

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7
Q

Thickest nerve

A

Sciatic nerve

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8
Q

Nerve roots of posterior cutenous nerve

A

S1, S2, S3

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9
Q

L4, L5, S1

A

Superior gluteal nerve and nerve to quadratus femoris

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10
Q

L5, S1, S2

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

Nerve to obturator internus

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11
Q

Two Hybrid muscles

A

Adductor magnus and pectinous

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12
Q

Artery supplying sciatic nerve

A

Arteria Nervi Ischiadici

From inferior gluteal artery

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13
Q

Locking of joints

A

From the organization of ligaments and shape of articular surfaces

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14
Q

Hip flexors

A

Iliopsoas muscles

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15
Q

Hip extensors

A

Muscles of gluteal region and partly hamstrings

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16
Q

Knee flexors

A

Hamstrings

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17
Q

Knee extensors

A

Quadriceps femoris

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18
Q

Dorsiflexion and digit extension

A

Anterior compartment of leg

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19
Q

Plantar flexion and digit flexors

A

Posterior compartment of leg

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20
Q

Eversion muscles

A

Lateral/ fibulae comfort of leg

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21
Q

Largest nutrient artery in the body

A

Nutrient artery to tibia from posterior tibial artery

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22
Q

Short lateral rotators

A 
Piriformis
Obturator internus
Obturator externus 
2 gamelli 
Quadratus femoris
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23
Q

Adductors

A

Adductor longus, brevis and magnus
Pectinous
Gracilis

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24
Q

Abductors

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia Lata
+ short lateral rotators

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25
Hip flexors
Iliopsoas (major ones) | Rectus femoris and sartorius (minor ones)
26
Hip extensors
Hamstrings | Gluteus Maximus
27
Antigravity muscles
Gluteus Maximus | Rectus femoris
28
Antibioma
A hard swelling containing sterile pus. Caused by giving antibiotics to a pus instead of performing I & D
29
Arthrodesis
Artificial induction of join ossification to relieve pain in a joint
30
Hallux valgus
Lateral deviation of big toe from midline
31
Hallux varum
Medial deviation of big toe from midline
32
Foot drop
Injury to deep peroneal nerve Paralysis of muscles of anterior compartment of leg Loss of dorsiflexion and sensation in the first interdigital cleft Caused by trauma, leprosy or peripheral neuritis
33
Guy ropes
Tibial collateral ligament | Tendons of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
34
Muscles that stabilizes pelvis on thigh and leg
Guy ropes
35
Anserine bursitis
Inflammation of bursa between guy ropes
36
Fresher’s syndrome or anterior compartment syndrome
Stretching of extensor tendons of anterior compartment leading to pain.
37
Lateral compartment syndrome
Compression of superficial peroneal nerve in the deep fascia at the junction where it becomes superficial
38
Peripheral heart
Soleus | It pushes venous blood upwards
39
Artery accompanying sciatic nerve
Sciatic artery from axial artery of the lower limb
40
Metatarsalgia
Neuralgic pain in the forefoot
41
Pes planus
``` Collapse of longitudinal arches or flat foot Leads to: loss of spring Loss of shock absorbency Loss of concavity ```
42
Pes cavus
Exaggerated concavity of longitudinal arches | Due to spina bifida
43
Claw foot
Dorsiflexion of metartarsophalangeal joints and plantar flexion of interphalangeal joint Due to osteomyelitis
44
Talipes equinus
Walking on toes
45
Talipes calcaneus
Walking on heel
46
Talipes varus
Walking on lateral border | Inverted foot
47
Talipes valgus
Walking on medial border | Foot is everted
48
Talipes equinovarus
Ankle is plantar flexed | Foot is inverted and adducted
49
Talipes calcaneovalgus
Ankle is dorsiflexed | Foot is everted
50
Saphenous nerve and artery
Posterior division of Femoral nerve | Descending geniculnar branch of femoral
51
Sural nerve and artery
From Tibial nerve | From cutenous branch popliteal artery
52
Main nerve supply of Anterior compartment of thigh
Femoral nerve | Side( femoral branch on genitofemoral nerve, nerve to pectinous, lateral cutenous nerve of thigh)
53
Main nerve supply to medial compartment of thigh
Obturator nerve | Side (accessory obturator nerve)
54
Main nerve supply to posterior compartment of thigh
Tibial part of sciatic nerve
55
Essential movements for walking
Hip extension and knee flexion
56
Gangrene
Occlusion of popliteal artery due to continuous pulsation on tendon of adductor magnus
57
Thickest nerve
Sciatic nerve
58
Nerve roots of posterior cutenous nerve
S1, S2, S3
59
L4, L5, S1
Superior gluteal nerve and nerve to quadratus femoris
60
L5, S1, S2
Inferior gluteal nerve | Nerve to obturator internus
61
Two Hybrid muscles
Adductor magnus and pectinous
62
Artery supplying sciatic nerve
Arteria Nervi Ischiadici | From inferior gluteal artery
63
Locking of joints
From the organization of ligaments and shape of articular surfaces
64
Hip flexors
Iliopsoas muscles
65
Hip extensors
Muscles of gluteal region and partly hamstrings
66
Knee flexors
Hamstrings
67
Knee extensors
Quadriceps femoris
68
Dorsiflexion and digit extension
Anterior compartment of leg
69
Plantar flexion and digit flexors
Posterior compartment of leg
70
Eversion muscles
Lateral/ fibulae comfort of leg
71
Largest nutrient artery in the body
Nutrient artery to tibia from posterior tibial artery
72
Short lateral rotators
``` Piriformis Obturator internus Obturator externus 2 gamelli Quadratus femoris ```
73
Adductors
Adductor longus, brevis and magnus Pectinous Gracilis
74
Abductors
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Tensor fascia Lata + short lateral rotators
75
Hip flexors
Iliopsoas (major ones) | Rectus femoris and sartorius (minor ones)
76
Hip extensors
Hamstrings | Gluteus Maximus
77
Antigravity muscles
Gluteus Maximus | Rectus femoris
78
Antibioma
A hard swelling containing sterile pus. Caused by giving antibiotics to a pus instead of performing I & D
79
Arthrodesis
Artificial induction of join ossification to relieve pain in a joint
80
Hallux valgus
Lateral deviation of big toe from midline
81
Hallux varum
Medial deviation of big toe from midline
82
Foot drop
Injury to deep peroneal nerve Paralysis of muscles of anterior compartment of leg Loss of dorsiflexion and sensation in the first interdigital cleft Caused by trauma, leprosy or peripheral neuritis
83
Guy ropes
Tibial collateral ligament | Tendons of sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus
84
Muscles that stabilizes pelvis on thigh and leg
Guy ropes
85
Anserine bursitis
Inflammation of bursa between guy ropes
86
Fresher’s syndrome or anterior compartment syndrome
Stretching of extensor tendons of anterior compartment leading to pain.
87
Lateral compartment syndrome
Compression of superficial peroneal nerve in the deep fascia at the junction where it becomes superficial
88
Peripheral heart
Soleus | It pushes venous blood upwards
89
Artery accompanying sciatic nerve
Sciatic artery from axial artery of the lower limb
90
Metatarsalgia
Neuralgic pain in the forefoot
91
Pes planus
``` Collapse of longitudinal arches or flat foot Leads to: loss of spring Loss of shock absorbency Loss of concavity ```
92
Pes cavus
Exaggerated concavity of longitudinal arches | Due to spina bifida
93
Claw foot
Dorsiflexion of metartarsophalangeal joints and plantar flexion of interphalangeal joint Due to osteomyelitis
94
Talipes equinus
Walking on toes
95
Talipes calcaneus
Walking on heel
96
Talipes varus
Walking on lateral border | Inverted foot
97
Talipes valgus
Walking on medial border | Foot is everted
98
Talipes equinovarus
Ankle is plantar flexed | Foot is inverted and adducted
99
Talipes calcaneovalgus
Ankle is dorsiflexed | Foot is everted
100
Saphenous nerve and artery
Posterior division of Femoral nerve | Descending geniculnar branch of femoral
101
Sural nerve and artery
From Tibial nerve | From cutenous branch popliteal artery

Anatomy (8 decks)

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