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Lower limb + gluteal Flashcards

(53 cards)

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1
Q

Entry and exit points between lower limb and abdomen, pelvis and perineum

A

Gap between inguinal ligament and pelvic bone
Greater sciatic foramen
Obturator canal
Lesser sciatic foramen

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2
Q

Structures passing through gap between pelvic bone and inguinal ligament

A

Muscles - psoas major, iliacus and pectineus
nerves - femoral and femoral branch of genitofemoral, lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
vessels - femoral artery and vein
lymphatics

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3
Q

Structures communicating with gluteal region through greater sciatic foramen

A

muscle - piriformis
nerves - sciatic, superior and inferior gluteal and pudendal nerves
vessels - superior and inferior gluteal arteries and veins, and internal pudendal artery

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4
Q

Obturator foramen

A

obturator nerve and vessels

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5
Q

Structures between perineum and gluteal region through lesser sciatic foramen

A

Tendon of obturator internus msucle

Internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve

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6
Q

Innervation of gluteal region

A

Superior and inferior gluteal nerves

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7
Q

Innervation of anterior compartment in leg

A

Deep branch of common fibular nerve

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8
Q

Cutaneous innervation of femoral nerve

A

skin on anterior thigh, medial side of leg and ankle

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9
Q

Cutaneous innervation of obturator nerve

A

medial side of thigh

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10
Q

Cutaneous innervation tibial part of sciatic nerve

A

lateral side of ankle and foot

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11
Q

Cutaneous innervation common fibular part of sciatic nerve

A

lateral side of leg and dorsum of foot

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12
Q

Innervation of medial compartment of thigh

A

Obturator nerve (Except pectineus - femoral nerve, and part of adductor magnus by tibial division of sciatic nerve)

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13
Q

Innervation of anterior compartment of thigh

A

femoral nerve (except tensor fasciae latae which is innervated by superior gluteal nerve)

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14
Q

Innervation of posterior compartment of thigh

A

tibial part of sciatic nerve

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15
Q

Innervation of Lateral compartment of leg

A

superficial branch of common fibular nerve

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16
Q

Innervation of posterior compartment of leg

A

tibial part of sciatic nerve (except short head of biceps femoris - common fibular division of sciatic nerve)

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17
Q

Innervation of sole of foot

A

TIbial part of sciatic nerve

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18
Q

Ischial tuberosity attachments

A

Mainly hamstring muscles in posterior thigh
Upper medial - semitendinosus and long head of biceps femoris
Upper lateral - semimembranosus
Lower lateral - adductor magnus

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19
Q

Ischiopubic ramus and pubic bone

A

Muscles of medial compartment of thigh

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus and gracilis

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20
Q

Femoral nerve

A

L2-L4
Anterior compartment of thigh
Abdomen - iliacus and pectineus
Anterior aspect of thigh, medial aspect of leg and medial side of foot

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21
Q

Genitofemoral nerve

A

L1, L2
Passes anteroinferiorly through psoas major muscle, crosses under inguinal ligament lateral to femoral artery
Cremasteric reflex
Anterior perineum (anterior scrotum, anterior labia majora)

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22
Q

Obturator nerve

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A

L2 to L4
All muscles in medial compartment of thigh (other than pectineus and part of adductor magnus)
Obturator externus
Skin on medial side of upper thigh

23
Q

Sciatic nerve

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A

Divides in posterior compartment of thigh
Posterior division L4 to S2 form common fibular part
Anterior division L4 to S3 form tibial part
All muscles in posterior compartment of thigh, and all muscles in the leg
Skin - lateral side of leg and foot

24
Q

Superior gluteal nerves

Study These Flashcards
A

L4 to S1
GLuteus medius and minimus
Tensor fasciae latae

25
Inferior gluteal nerves
L5 to S2 | Gluteus maximus
26
Ilioinguinal nerves
L1 Travels through inguinal canal to exit through superficial inguinal ring Innervate skin on medial side of upper thigh and adjacent parts of perineum
27
Femoral artery
Continuation of external iliac artery as it passes under inguinal ligament to enter femoral triangle Supplies most of thigh and all of leg and foot
28
Superficial inguinal nodes
Lymph from gluteal region, lower abdominal wall, perineum and superficial regions of lower limb, drains into external iliac nodes
29
Deep inguinal nodes
medial to femoral vein Deep lymphatics associated with femoral vessels and from glans penis (or clitoris) in perineum) Drain into external iliac nodes via vessels that pass along medial side of femoral vein as it passes under the inguinal ligament
30
Popliteal nodes
receives lymph from superficial vessels, which accompany the small saphenous vein and from deep areas of leg and foot. Drain into deep and superficial inguinal nodes
31
Saphenous opening
Formed by free medial edge of fascia lata as it descends from inguinal ligament and spirals around lateral side of GSV and medially under femoral vein
32
Femoral triangle
superiorly inguinal ligament medial - adductor longus lateral - sartorius Floor - medially pectineus and adductor magnus, laterally iliopsoas
33
Apex of femoral triangle
Continuous with adductor canal which descends medially through aperture in adductor magnus to open into popliteal fossa behind knee
34
COntents of femoral triangle
Femoral nerve, artery and vein and lymphatic vessels
35
Femoral sheath
Continuous superiorly with transversalis fascia and iliac fascia of abdomen Contain femoral artery, vein and lymphatics. Femoral nerve not contained in sheath.
36
Piriformis
Origin: Anterior surface of sacrum Insertion: medial side of greater trochanter of femur Innervation: S1 to S2 Function: laterally rotates extended femur, abducts flexed femur at hip joint
37
Obturator internus
Origin: deep surface of obturator membrane Insertion: medial side of greater trochanter Nerve: nerve to obturator internus L5, S1 Functon: laterally rotates extended femur, abducts flexed femur at hip joint
38
Gemellus superior
Origin: external surface of ischial spine INsertion: medial side of GT Nerve: nerve to obturator internus L5, S1 Function: laterally rotates extended femur, abducts flexed femur at hip joint
39
Gemellus inferior
Origin: upper aspect of ischial tuberosity Insertion: medial side of GT Nerve: nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1 Function: laterally rotates extended femur, abducts flexed femur at hip joint
40
Quadratus femoris
Origin: lateral aspect of ischium Insertion: quadratus tubercle on intertrochanteric crest on proximal femur Nerve: nerve to quadratus femoris L5, S1 Function: laterally rotates femur
41
Gluteus minimus
Origin: External surface of ilium Insertion: anterolateral aspect of GT nerve: superior gluteal nerve L4 to S1 Function: abducts femur
42
Gluteus medius
Origin: External surface of ilium Insertion: lateral surface of GT Nerve: superior gluteal nrve L4 to S1 Function: abducts femur
43
Gluteus maximus
Origin: LARGE Insertion: Posterior aspect of iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of proximal femur Nerve: inferior gluteal nerve L5 to S2 Function: Extensor of flexed femur. Lateral stabilizer of hip joint and knee joint
44
Tensor fasicae latae
Origin: lateral aspect of iliac crest between ASIS and tubercle of crest Insertion: iliotibial tract Nerve: superior gluteal nerve L4 to S1 Function: Stabilises knee in extension
45
Nerves passing through greater sciatic foramen
``` 7 nerves superior gluteal nerve sciatic nerve inferior gluteal nerve nerve to quadratus femoris nerve to obturator nerve pudendal nerve posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh (perforating cutaneous pierces sacrotuberous ligament) ```
46
Superior gluteal nerve
Only one that passes above piriformis | Travels in between gluteus medius and minimus, and terminates by supplying TFL
47
sciatic nerve
Passes beneath piriformis, descends between deep and superficial group of gluteal muscles
48
nerve to quadratus femoris
only nerve anterior to plane of deep muscle | supplies small branch to inferior gemelli
49
nerve to obturator internus
Enters gluteal region beneath piriformis between posterior cuteanous nerve of thigh and pudendal nerve
50
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
Inferior to piriformis and immediately medial to sciatic nerve.
51
Inferior gluteal artery
Supplies posterior thigh and anastomoses with perforating branches of femoral artery. Also supplies a branch to sciatic nerve
52
Superior gluteal artery
Divides into superficial (deep surface of glut max) and deep (between gluteus medius and minimus). Contributes to hip joint. Anastomose with lateral and medial femoral circumflex arteries from deep femoral in thigh and with inferior gluteal artery
53
Lymphatics in gluteal region
Internal iliac nodes

MRCS (28 decks)

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