Lower Limb - muscles and nerves

Question 1

Which muscles in the anterior thigh act to flex the hip?

Answer 1

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

Question 2

Which muscle in the anterior thigh laterally rotates the hip?

Answer 2

Sartorius

Question 3

Which muscle in the anterior thigh has horizontal fibres which stabilise the patella?

Answer 3

Vastus medialis

Question 4

What are the 5 muscles in the medial thigh?

Answer 4

Obturator externus 
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus 
Adductor magnus 
Gracilis

Question 5

What the 2 parts of adductor magnus and their innervations?

Answer 5

Adductor part - obturator nerve

Hamstring part - tibial nerve

Question 6

Which muscle lies deep to adductor longus?

Answer 6

Adductor brevis

Question 7

Which 3 muscles are in the posterior thigh?

Answer 7

Biceps femoris, semitendonosus, semimembranosus

Question 8

What are the actions of biceps femoris?

Answer 8

Flexion at knee
Extends leg at hip
Lateral rotation at hip and knee

Question 9

What are the innervations of the biceps femoris?

Answer 9

Long head- tibial part of sciatic nerve

Short head - common fibular part of sciatic nerve

Question 10

What innervates the semimembranosus and semitendinosus?

Answer 10

Tibial part of sciatic nerve

Question 11

Which posterior thigh muscles function to medially rotate the leg at the knee joint and thigh at the hip joint?

Answer 11

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Question 12

Which muscle lies posterior to semitendinosus?

Answer 12

Semimembranosus

Question 13

What action do the superficial gluteal muscles do?

Answer 13

Abduct and extend the thigh

Question 14

What are the superficial gluteal muscles?

Answer 14

Glut maximus
Glut medius
Glut minimus
Tensor fascia lata

Question 15

What action do the deep gluteal muscles do?

Answer 15

Lateral rotation

Question 16

What are the deep gluteal muscles?

Answer 16

quadratus femoris, piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior.

Question 17

What nerve innervates the glut maximus?

Answer 17

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 18

What nerve innervates the TFL, glut medius and glut minimus?

Answer 18

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 19

How do the deep gluteal muscles help to stabilise the hip joint?

Answer 19

pull the femoral head into the acetabulum.

Question 20

What 3 muscles are in the anterior leg?

Answer 20

Tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus
Extensor digitorum longus
(fibularis tertius)

Question 21

What nerve innervates the anterior leg?

Answer 21

Deep fibular nerve

Question 22

What artery supplies the anterior leg?

Answer 22

Anterior tibial artery

Question 23

What is the action of the anterior leg muscles?

Answer 23

dorsiflex and evert the foot

Question 24

Which muscle in the anterior leg is deep to the EDL and TA?

Answer 24

Extensor hallicus longus

Question 25

Which anterior leg muscles originate form the lateral surface of the tibia?

Answer 25

Extensor digitorum longus | Tibialis anterior

Question 26

Where does extensor hallicus longus originate from?

Answer 26

fibular shaft

Question 27

Which nerve is damaged in foot drop?

Answer 27

Common fibular nerve

Question 28

What gait is associated with foot drop?

Answer 28

Eversion flick

Question 29

How is the common fibular nerve commonly damaged?

Answer 29

Damage to the neck of fibular

Question 30

Which muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 30

Fibularis longus and brevis

Question 31

What action do the lateral leg muscles do?

Answer 31

Eversion

Question 32

What innervates the lateral leg muscles?

Answer 32

Superficial fibular nerve

Question 33

What action do the posterior leg muscles do?

Answer 33

Plantarflexion and inversion of foot

Question 34

Which nerve innervates the posterior leg muscles?

Answer 34

Tibial nerve

Question 35

What are the superficial muscles of the calf?

Answer 35

gastrocnemius soleus plantaris

Question 36

Which muscles converge to form the calcaneal tendon?

Answer 36

The superficial calf muscles - gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris.

Question 37

Which posterior leg muscles also flex the knee?

Answer 37

Gastrocnemius and plantaris

Question 38

What are the deep posterior leg muscles?

Answer 38

popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus,flexor hallicus longus

Question 39

Which posterior leg muscle acts on the knee joint?

Answer 39

Popliteus

Question 40

How does the popliteus affect the knee joint?

Answer 40

Laterally rotates the femur on the tibia , unlocking the knee joint so flexion can occur.

Question 41

The tendons of the deep calf muscles enter the ankle posterior to the __________ malleolus.

Answer 41

Medial

Question 42

Which muscle maintains the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

Answer 42

Tibialis anterior

Question 43

Why might a locked knee be the presenting sign of a torn meniscus?

Answer 43

Torn meniscus gets stuck in the joint to cause a mechanical block

Question 44

The muscles of the gluteal region are all lateral rotators except which ones?

Answer 44

Gluteus medius and minimus, these are internal rotators

Question 45

Where can the dorsilis pedalis pulse be palpated?

Answer 45

Between extensor hallicus longus and extensor digitorum longus tendons, lateral to big toe.

Question 46

What activities are most likely to result in a pulled hamstring?

Answer 46

Sudden movements which stretch the hamstrings e.g jumping, sprinting and lunging

Question 47

The tendons of the deep posterior leg muscles pass posterior to which landmark?

Answer 47

Medial malleolus

Question 48

Which artery and nerve pass behind the medial malleolus?

Answer 48

Tibial artery and nerve