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Male Reproductive System & Lower Limb > LOWER LIMBS :Glutes & Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

LOWER LIMBS :Glutes & Posterior Thigh Flashcards

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1
Q

Gluteal Region

A

Prominent area post. to pelvis

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2
Q

Gluteal Region is bounded by….

A

Superolaterally: Iliac crest, greater
trochanter & ASIS
• Inferiorly: Gluteal fold

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3
Q

Gluteal Region

Sacrotuberal ligament is formed by….

A

Lesser sciatic foramen: passageway to

perineum.

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4
Q

Gluteal Region

Sacrospinous ligament is formed by…..

A

Greater sciatic foramen: passage way to pelvis.

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5
Q 
Gluteal Region (Superficial muscles):
      Gluteus maximus
A

Chief extensor of the thigh; also laterally

rotates the thigh.

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6
Q

Gluteal Region (Superficial muscles)
Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus
APARTE : Tensor fascia lata (lat. thigh)

A

Deep to gluteus maximus

• Abduct and medially rotate the thigh (rotacion medial hacia adentro)

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7
Q

Gluteal Region DEEP MUSCLES (ACTION)

A

Laterally rotate the thigh

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8
Q

Mention muscles that belongs to DEEP MUSCLES

A

Piriformis, superior gemellus, obturator
internus, inferior gemellus, and quadratus
femoris.

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9
Q

Gluteus Maximus

ACTION

A

Extension of thigh
Lateral rotation of thigh
Abduction of thigh

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10
Q

Gluteus Maximus

ORIGIN

A

Ilium (ala)
Sacrum
Coccyx

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11
Q

Gluteus Maximus

INNERVATION

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (Medius & minimus)

COMMENTS: climbing stairs & not important to walking

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12
Q

Gluteus Medius

ACTION

A

DOWNARD & FOWARD MOVEMENTS

Actua en sicronia con el minimus

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13
Q

Gluteus Medius

Insertion

A

Femur (greater trochanter)

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14
Q

Gluteus Medius

Innervation

A

Superior gluteal nerve
Comment:
- Lowering (“tilting” downward) pelvis on weight-bearing
side allows non weight-bearing limb to swing forward
during walking
- Acts with gluteus minimus

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15
Q

Clinical Relevance: Trendelenburg Sign

A

Drop of the pelvis when lifting the leg opposite to weak gluteus medius.

Superior gluteal nerve damage.

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16
Q

Gluteus Minimus

ACTION

A

Abduction of the thigh (non weight-bearing).

Lower pelvis on weight - bearing side

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17
Q

Gluteus Minimus

Comment:

A

(“tilting” downward)

Act with gluteus medius

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18
Q

Muscle of the Lateral Thigh/Gluteal Region
Tensor fasciae latae (MUSCULO)
ACTION

A

Flexion of femur
Abduction of femur
Medial rotation of femur
Stabilizes knee in full extension

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19
Q

Muscle of the Lateral Thigh/Gluteal Region

ORIGIN Tensor fasciae latae (MUSCULO)

A

Ilium (crest and anterior superior iliac

spine)

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20
Q

Muscle of the Lateral Thigh/Gluteal Region

INSERTION Tensor fasciae latae (MUSCULO)

A

Iliotibial tract

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21
Q

Deep Muscles of Gluteal Region

ACTION OF PIRIFORMIS

A

Lateral rotation of thigh

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22
Q

Deep Muscles of Gluteal Region

INPORTANT ASPECT OF PIRIFORMIS

A

corelacionado con el nervio siatico ;si hay un dano en el piriformis se comprime el siatico.
Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen (lo forma el ischiopubis).

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23
Q

Paresthesia

A

Numbness

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24
Q

Cuales son las condiciones que afecta al siatico?

A

sacroilitis
herniated discs (L3 L5)
problema con el musculo piriformis (hinchazon)
sacroilitis ( inflamacion del sacro & ilum)

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25
Inyecciones se pone en ....
Superior Outer Quadrant
26
Obturator Internus | ACTION
Lateral rotation of thigh
27
Obturator Internus | IMPORTANT ASPECTS
Tendon exits pelvis through lesser | sciatic foramen
28
Obturator Internus | ORIGIN
Pubis Ischium Obturator membrane (pelvic surface)
29
Obturator Internus | Insertion
Greater throchanter
30
Obturator Internus | IMPORTANT ASPECTS
Tendon exits pelvis through lesser | sciatic foramen
31
Superior & Inferior Gemelli | ACTION
Lateral rotation of thigh
32
Superior & Inferior Gemelli | ORIGIN
Superior gemellus: ischium (spine) Inferior gemellus: ischium (tuberosity)
33
Quadratus Femoris | ACTION
Lateral rotation of thigh
34
Quadratus Femoris | ORIGIN
Ischium (tuberosity)
35
Quadratus Femoris | INSETION
Femur (intertrochanteric crest)
36
What is Gluteal Bursa?
Membranous sacs containing a capillary layer of synovial fluid. Separate gluteus maximus from other structures.
37
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: | Bursitis
``` Localized pain (cuando esta en movimiento, (accion)) ES LA CLAVE PRINCIPAL. Repetitive hip extension. ```
38
Trochanteric bursa
Between greater trochanter & gluteus maximus.
39
Gluetofemural bursa
POSTERIOR | Between IT band and Vastus lateralis.
40
Ischial bursa
POSTERIOR | Between gluteus maximus & ischial tuberosity.
41
Thigh Muscles That Move the Knee Joint/Leg Muscles of the thigh’s posterior compartment: Hamstring muscles
composite of three muscles
42
Compartments of Hamstring muscles | BICEP FEMORIS
``` HAS TWO LEGS Flexes leg; also laterally rotates leg when leg is flexed • Only long head part of hamstring m. ```
43
Compartments of Hamstring muscles | Semimembranosus & semitendinosus
Medially rotate leg when leg is flexed
44
Posterior muscles are _____ and anterior muscles are_____
FLEXORS ---- Posterior muscles | EXTENSORS ----- ANTERIOR MUSCLES
45
Semitendinosus | ACTION
Flexion of leg | Extension of thigh
46
Semitendinosus | ORIGIN
Ischium (tuberosity)
47
Semitendinosus | INPORTANT ASPECT
One of hamstring muscles
48
Semitendinosus | INSERTION
Tibia (proximal medial shaft)
49
Semimembranosus | ACTION
Flexion of leg | Extension of thigh
50
Semimembranosus | ORIGIN
Ischium (tuberosity)
51
Semimembranosus | INPORTANT ASPECT
One of hamstring muscles
52
Semimembranosus | INSERTION
Tibia (medial condyle)
53
Long Head of Biceps Femoris | ACTION
Flexion of leg | Extension of thigh
54
Long Head of Biceps Femoris | ORIGIN
Ischium (tuberosity)
55
Long Head of Biceps Femoris | IMPORTANT ASPECT
One of hamstring. Tendon unites with that of biceps femoris, short head. Common tendon pierced by fibular collateral ligament.
56
Long Head of Biceps Femoris | INSERTION
Fibula (head)
57
Short Head of Biceps Femoris | ACTION
Flexion of leg
58
Short Head of Biceps Femoris | ORIGIN
Femur (linea aspera)
59
Short Head of Biceps Femoris | IMPORTANT ASPECT
- Tendon unites with that of long head of biceps femoris. - Common tendon pierced by fibular collateral ligament.
60
Short Head of Biceps Femoris | INSERTION
Fibula (head)
61
What forms the sciatic nerve?
Common fibular division | Tibial division
62
ACTION OF Sacral Plexus
Provides motor & sensory innervation to gluteal region, post. thigh, most of the lower leg, the entire foot & part of the pelvis.
63
Anterior division nerves tends to innervate......
Flexors Muscle
64
Posterior division nerves tends to innervate....
Extensor Muscles
65
What is Superficial gluteal nerves?
Supply skin of gluteal region.
66
Mention the types of Gluteal Regions
1. Superior cluneal 2. Medial cluneal 3. Inferior cluneal
67
Deep gluteal nerves
• Leave pelvis through greater sciatic foramen • Emerge inferior to piriformis (except superior gluteal n.)
68
Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
Largest and longest nerve in body. | Supplies no structures in gluteal region.
69
INNERVATION OF Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
post. thigh muscles,leg & foot muscles & skin of most of leg & foot
70
Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) (CLINICAL RELEVANCE)
Dolor punzante (Throbbing pain)
71
INNERVATION OF : Tibial nerve
from anterior division of sciatic) INNERVATES: Innervates hamstrings and hamstring part of adductor magnus muscle
72
INNERVATION OF: Common fibular nerve
(from posterior division of sciatic) | Innervates short head of bicep femoris.
73
Clinical View: Sacral Plexus Injuries | SCIATICA
Injury to sciatic nerve Characterized by extreme pain down posterior thigh and leg • May be caused by herniated intervertebral disc
74
Clinical View: Sacral Plexus Injuries | Common fibular nerve
* Prone to injury due to fracture of neck or compression from cast (Dano por yeso) * May cause paralysis of anterior and lateral leg muscles * Person unable to dorsiflex and evert the foot
75
Gluteal Region Arteries
Arise directly or indirectly from the Internal Iliac a.
76
Superior gluteal Ateries
sup. to piriformis **** leave pelvis through greater sciatic foramen
77
Inferior gluteal Ateries
inf. to piriformis *****leave pelvis through greater sciatic foramen
78
Internal pudendal Ateries
enters perineum
79
Posterior Thigh Arteries
After birth, post. compartment of thigh has no | major exclusive a.
80
Posterior Thigh Arteries receives blood from
1. Inferior gluteal a. 2. Medial circumflex femoral a. 3. Perforating arteries 4. Popliteal arteries
81
``` Profunda femoris (chief artery of thigh) ```
Give-off perforating arteries Pierce adductor magnus m. & supply hamstrings
82
Cruciate Anastomosis: Circulatory anastomosis in upper thigh
``` • Inferior gluteal a. • lateral & medial circumflex femoral a • 1st perforating a. (profunda femoris a.) ```
83
Clinical Relevance | Landmark of the Gluteal Region
``` QUADRANTS IN THE POSTERIOR ZONE: Upper Medial Quadrant Upper Lateral Quadrant Lower Medial Quadrant Lower Lateral Quadrant ```
84
Veins of Gluteal Region | Veins of Gluteal Region
1. Superior gluteal v. 2. Inferior gluteal v. *******Both communicate w/ tributaries of femoral vein
85
Veins of Gluteal Region | Veins of Gluteal Region
Internal pudendal v. • Accompany respective artery • Drain blood from perineum
86
Perforating veins of Posterior Thigh | Perforating veins
``` • Drain into Profunda femoris v. • Communicate inferiroly w/ Popliteal v. & superiorly w/ inferior gluteal n. ```
87
Perforating veins of Posterior Thigh | Lymph from deep tissue
Drain into gluteal lymph nodes à internal, external & common iliac lymph nodes à lumbar (caval) lymph nodes
88
Perforating veins of Posterior Thigh | Lymph from superficial tissue:
Drain into superficial inguinal lymph nodes à external inguinal lymph nodes
89
Popliteal fossa | Superomedial border
semimembranosus.
90
Popliteal fossa | Superolateral border
biceps femoris
91
Popliteal fossa | Inferomedial border
medial head of the gastrocnemius.
92
Popliteal fossa | Inferolateral border
lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris
93
Popliteal fossa | Floor
posterior surface of the knee joint capsule, popliteus muscle & posterior femur.
94
Popliteal fossa | Roof
Has 2 layer: | popliteal fascia and skin.
95
Popliteal fossa | Popliteal fascia
continuous with the fascia lata of thigh.
96
Popliteal fossa
Is the main conduit for neurovascular structures entering and leaving the leg. Covered by: subcutaneous tissue & Popliteal fascia
97
Common fibular nerve follows the.....
biceps femoris tendon, travelling along the lateral margin of the popliteal fossa.
98
Small saphenous vein
pierces popliteal fascia & passes between the two heads of gastrocnemius to empty into popliteal vein.
99
Deepest structure of saphenous vein is....
``` popliteal artery (continuation of femoral a.- travels into the leg to supply it w/ blood ```
100
Popliteal Artery
Anterior tibial Posterior tibial Genicular Anatomosis
101
Muscular branches of popliteal a.
supply hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus, & plantaris muscles
102
Popliteal Vein
``` • Continuation of Posterior tibial v. • Lies superficial to popliteal a. • Superiorly becomes femoral vein • Small saphenous v. passes posterior to lat. malleolus to popliteal fossa where it pierces fascia & enters popliteal vein. ```
103
Superfical popliteal lymph nodes – small & | lie in......
Subcutaneous tissues
104
Deep popliteal lymph nodes
surround vessels & receive lymph from joint capsule, & lymphatic vessels that accompany deep veins of leg.
105
Lymph vessels drain to......
deep inguinal lymph nodes
106
Nerves in Popliteal Fossa
Semitendinosus: | Popliteal nerve and artery

Male Reproductive System & Lower Limb (5 decks)

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