lower linb Bank questions Flashcards
At the hip joint
Does the obturator internus produces lateral rotation ?
True
At the hip joint :
Does the gluteus medius produces abduction ?
True
– At the hip joint does the : gluteus minimus produces medial rotation?
true
At the hip joint does the obturator externus produces medial rotation
false
is the gluteus maximus muscle attached to the intertrochanteric line of the femur
false
is The gluteus maximus muscle attached to the iliotibial tract
True
is The gluteus maximus muscle supplied by fibres from L4, L5 and S1
false
posterior divisions of the L5, S1 and S2 nerve roots of the sacral plexus
is The gluteus maximus muscle an extensor of the trunk on the lower limb
True
The superior gluteal nerve (T/F)
A. has a cutaneous distribution to the skin of the buttock
B. gives off deep and superficial branches
C. supplies the tensor fascia lata
D. supplies the gluteus maximus
E. contains fibres from the second sacral spinal segment
C. supplies the tensor fascia lata
when does The ossification centre of the femoral head appear?
in the first year of life
The femoral canal : at its proximal end is medial to the femoral vein (T/F)
True
the femoral canal: contains the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve ?
False
the femoral canal : at its proximal end is posterior to the inguinal ligament
True
the femoral canal: is the lateral compartment of the femoral sheath
false
The femoral triangle
1: has a floor formed by the iliacus muscle, the psoas major tendon, the pectineus muscle and the adductor longus muscle
True
the femoral triangle
is bounded below and medially by the adductor brevis muscle ?
False
The femoral triangle : is roofed over by the fascia lata of the thigh
true
The femoral triangle: contains the obturator nerve ?
false
The femoral vein in the femoral triangle : is medial to the femoral artery ?
True
The femoral vein in the femoral triangle : is lateral to the femoral canal
True
The femoral vein in the femoral triangle : directly receives the great (long) saphenous vein
True
The femoral vein in the femoral triangle : directly receives the profunda femoris vein
True
Boundaries of the femoral ring include (t/F) inguinal ligament femoral vein lacunar ligament pectineal ligament
TTTT
In femoral hernia, the hernial sac (F/F)
passes behind the inguinal ligament.
Passes medial to the femoral vein.
Passes anterior to the superior pubic ramus.
Is covered by the fascias of the femoral septum and the cribriform fascia.
Contains a large quantity of fat.
TTTTT
The sac of a femoral hernia passes behind the inguinal ligament (1 true) into the femoral canal, which lies medial to the femoral vein and anterior to the superior pubic ramus. (2 & 3 true). The sac enters the femoral canal through its upper opening -the femoral ring. This is normally closed by the femoral septum, a fusion of iliopectineal fascia behind and transversalis fascia anteriorly. The sac, covered by extraperitoneal fat and femoral septum fascia, leaves the femoral canal to enter the subcutaneous tissues of thigh and groin, by passing anteriorly through the fossa ovalis and its overlying cribriform fascia. (4 true). The sac of a femoral hernia thus contains several fascial layers separated from each other by fat. A large portion of the sac is fatty (5 true) which can make the cough impulse of a femoral hernia less obvious.
Femoral hernia is (T/F)
1: More common in female than in male patients.
More common than inguinal hernia in female patients.
Able to be controlled by the wearing of a hernia truss.
Classically associated with strangulation bowl obstruction of Richter type.
More prone to recurrence after surgery than is inguinal hernia.
TFFTF
Femoral hernia is more common in females than in males (1 true). You would need to go back further to find the records of 100 femoral hernia repairs, because femoral hernias are much less common than are inguinal hernias. But there would be a majority of females in your group. The femoral ring and canal are wider in females than males, in keeping with the wider female pelvis. Inguinal hernias outnumber femoral in women as well as in men (2 false). Thus if you identify a groin hernia and you cannot be sure of the clinical diagnosis in a male, the odds on it being inguinal are quite high. In a woman under the same circumstances the hernia is also more likely to be inguinal, but the odds will not be so great. For most hernias, a truss is not a reliable method of control. The hernia must be reducible and the truss needs to control the defect and prevent the hernia escaping. If the hernia does protrude while a truss is worn, the effectiveness of the truss is lost and the risk of strangulation increased. A truss might be occasionally helpful in an infirm patient when the mouth of the hernial sac is wide, the hernia is easily reducible and the risk of strangulation considered low. Femoral hernias have a small neck and a tortuous sac pathway and are particularly unsuited to truss use (3 false). Response 4 is true and 5 false (see X1).
Division of the lumbo-sacral trunk would cause ? (t/f)
loss of skin sensibility in the great toe
weakness of peroneus longus
weakness of extensor hallucis longus
weakness of abductor hallucis
TTTF
does the ventral primary ramus of S1 contribute to the pudendal nerve ?
False:
Nerve roots – S2-S4
Sensory – innervates the external genitalia of both sexes and the skin around the anus, anal canal and perineum
Motor – innervates various pelvic muscles, the external urethral sphincter and the external anal sphincter.
does the ventral primary ramus of S1 distribute to evertors of the foot ?
True
The sacral plexus supplies obturator externus muscle ? is formed by ventral rami of L4, L5, S1, S2,S3 and S4 spinal nerves ? receives the lumbosacral trunk ? lies in front of the piriformis muscle?
FTTT
The femoral nerve
supplies skin on the medial side of the leg ?
True
The femoral nerve
enters the thigh anterior to the iliopsoas fascia ?
flase
The femoral nerve
supplies the psoas major muscle ?
flase
The femoral nerve
supplies the pectineus muscle ?
true
The femoral nerve : is formed in the substance of psoas major
True
The femoral nerve: emerges on the lateral side of the psoas muscle ?
True
The femoral nerve : lies on the iliacus muscle beneath the inguinal ligament
True
is formed from the posterior divisions of the ventral rami of L 2, 3, 4
True
The femoral nerve is most likely to :
A. arise from the anterior divisions of the ventral rami of L2, L3, L4
B supply the gracilis muscle
C. lie medial to the femoral artery under the inguinal ligament
D. supply sensation to skin on the medial malleolus
E. supply sensation to the skin over the central border of the foot via the sural nerve
D via saphenous nerve
The femoral nerve supplies the : pectineus ?
true
The femoral nerve supplies the : tensor fasciae latae ?
false : superior gluteal nerve
The femoral nerve supplies the : psoas major?
flase : supplied segmentally from the lumbar plexus.
The femoral nerve supplies the :gracilis
flase, obturator
S. The femoral nerve remains outside the femoral sheath BECAUSE R. the femoral nerve lies behind the fascia iliaca ?
True and True
S. The femoral nerve supplies muscles in the extensor compartment of the thigh BECAUSE R. the femoral nerve is derived from posterior divisions of anterior primary rami
True and True
The sciatic nerve : gives a branch to adductor magnus ?
True
The sciatic nerve : supplies extensors of the hip
True
The sciatic nerve : supplies flexors of the knee
true
The sciatic nerve : supplies skin on the posterior aspect of the thigh
Flase. femoral posterior cutaneous nerve fo thigh.
The sciatic nerve: supplies all three hamstrings and ischial fibres of adductor magnus
True
The sciatic nerve : is a direct posterior relation of the hip capsule
flase
The sciatic nerve : supplies quadratus femoris and obturator internus
flase
The sciatic nerve : is supplied with blood by a branch of the inferior gluteal artery
True
Division of the sciatic nerve would result in loss of sensation where?
on the lateral side of the calf and most of the foot
As it passes down the thigh, the sciatic nerve is crossed superficially from medial to lateral by
long head of biceps femoris
With respect to the nerve supply of the lower limb :
all interosseous muscles of the foot are supplied by the medial plantar nerve
the weight bearing area of the heel is supplied by the medial calcaneal nerve
extension of the knee is associated with spinal segments L4/5
sensation in the groin is associated with spinal segment L1
False
true
false
True
Which of the following muscles does not arise from the ischial tuberosity? A. semimembranosus B. adductor magnus C. obturator externus D. long head of biceps femoris E. semitendinosus
C. obturator externus
S. Fracture of the femoral neck proximal to the capsular attachment may cause aseptic necrosis BECAUSE R. the head and neck of the femur receive their blood supply mainly through the subcapsular retinacular arteries
True and True
The deep fascia of the thigh:
receives the insertion of the whole of the tensor fasciae latae muscle
splits to enclose the gluteus maximus muscle
is attached to the inguinal ligament
receives the insertion of the whole of the gluteus maximus muscle
TTTF
THE FEMORAL ARTERY
is deep to the adductor brevis muscle ?
false
the femoral artery
lies anterior to the tendon of psoas major ?
true
the femoral artery
gives only a profunda branch in the femoral triangle
false
the femoral artery
is posterior to the femoral vein in the upper part of the adductor (subsartorial) canal
false
The cruciate anastomosis is formed from?
1: the transverse branch of the medial circumflex artery
2: the descending branch of the inferior gluteal artery
3: the ascending branch of the first perforating artery
4: the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex artery
1: the transverse branch of the medial circumflex artery
2: the descending branch of the inferior gluteal artery
3: the ascending branch of the first perforating artery
NOT 4: the ascending branch of the lateral circumflex artery
The pectineus muscle
is covered on its deep surface by the fascia lata ?
false
the pectoneous muscle
is inserted along the spiral line of the femur ?
false (the pectineal line)
lies anterior to the anterior division of the obturator nerve
true
the pectoneous muscle
is attached to the pubic tubercle
false
the pectoneous : is supplied by the posterior division of the femoral nerve ?
false (anterior branches) the posterior do the quadricepts and saphenous nerve. the anterior do pectineous, sartorious and the medical and intermediate cutaneous branches.
At the distal end of the femur
the popliteus muscle is attached to the anterior end of a groove on the lateral condyle of the femur
True:
the popliteus muscle is attached to the anterior end of a groove on the lateral condyle of the femur
At the distal end of the femur
the lateral condyle projects further forwards than the medial condyle
True
At the distal end of the femur
the anterior cruciate ligament is attached to the lateral condyle
true
S. The short head of biceps femoris is supplied from segments L5 and S1 BECAUSE (T/F)
R. the short head of biceps femoris is supplied by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve (T/F)
T
F (common fibular portion)
The adductor muscles of the thigh are arranged anteroposteriorly in the order ? A. longus, magnus, brevis B. brevis, longus, magnus C. longus, brevis, magnus D. brevis, magnus, longus E. none of the above
C. longus, brevis, magnus
S. The adductor magnus is partly supplied by the peroneal component of the sciatic nerve BECAUSE (T/F)
R. the adductor magnus is a composite of adductor and hamstring muscles (T/F)
F
T
The adductor brevis
1: arises from the superior pubic ramus ?
False (inferior pubic ramus)
The adductor brevis
2: is supplied by both the femoral and obturator nerves
F
The adductor brevis
has the femoral nerve directly in front of it ?
False
The adductor brevis
lies deep to the pectineus
True
The adductor brevis
lies in front of the posterior division of the obturator nerve
True
The semimembranosus muscle
A. produces lateral rotation of tibia upon femur
B. helps to limit flexion at the hip when the knee is extended
C. has two heads of origin
D. is supplied by the common peroneal division of the sciatic nerve
E. crosses superficial to the sciatic nerve in the upper part of the thigh
B. helps to limit flexion at the hip when the knee is extended
Important abductors of the hip joint include
1: gluteus maximus
2: gluteus medius
3: piriformis
4: gluteus minimus
1: gluteus maximus T
2: gluteus medius T
3: piriformis F
4: gluteus minimus T
With regard to the quadriceps femoris muscle
1: the rectus femoris has one attachment to the pelvis
2: the vastus lateralis has fleshy fibres extending more distally than those of the vastus medialis
3: its nerve supply comes from the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves
4: the lowermost fibres of the vastus medialis are nearly vertical
1: the rectus femoris has one attachment to the pelvis F
2: the vastus lateralis has fleshy fibres extending more distally than those of the vastus medialis F
3: its nerve supply comes from the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves F
4: the lowermost fibres of the vastus medialis are nearly vertical F
Muscles which may be innervated by more than one nerve include
1: obturator externus
2: pectineus
3: semimembranosus
4: adductor magnus
1: obturator externus F
2: pectineus T
3: semimembranosus F
4: adductor magnus T
S:The hamstring muscles are used only in strong extension of the thigh at the hip, but not as extensors in normal walking
because
R:the gluteus maximus muscle is used for extension of the hip joint in normal walking
FALSE
FALSE
The hamstring muscles cross two joints and are the main extensors of the thigh at the hip, and flexors of the leg at the knee, especially during walking (S false).
Gluteus maximus is not used for extension of the hip joint in normal walking, remaining lax in this activity (R false). Gluteus maximus is important at the extremes of hip extension; eg in climbing stairs, running.
The adductor (subsartorial) canal
1: contains the nerve to the vastus medialis muscle
2: contains the saphenous nerve
3: is bounded laterally by the vastus lateralis muscle
4: contains the profunda femoris vessels
1: contains the nerve to the vastus medialis muscle T
2: contains the saphenous nerve T
3: is bounded laterally by the vastus lateralis muscle F
4: contains the profunda femoris vessels F
The boundaries of the adductor canal include the :
1: sartorius and the subsartorial fascia
2: adductor magnus
3: vastus medialis
4: adductor longus
1: sartorius and the subsartorial fascia T
2: adductor magnus T
3: vastus medialis T
4: adductor longus T
At the knee joint
1: lateral rotation of the femur at the beginning of flexion of the leg on the thigh is produced by popliteus
2: active rotation of the leg on the thigh is possible when the leg is flexed to ninety degrees
3: the suprapatellar bursa communicates with the cavity of the joint
4: the medial meniscus is attached along its peripheral border to the deep portion of the tibial collateral ligament
1: lateral rotation of the femur at the beginning of flexion of the leg on the thigh is produced by popliteus T
2: active rotation of the leg on the thigh is possible when the leg is flexed to ninety degrees T
3: the suprapatellar bursa communicates with the cavity of the joint T
4: the medial meniscus is attached along its peripheral border to the deep portion of the tibial collateral ligament T
At the knee joint
1: the lateral and medial collateral ligaments contribute to the limitation of rotatory movements of the thigh on the leg
2: quadriceps power is increased by hip extension
3: the cruciate ligaments prevent backward and forward gliding of the femur on the tibia
4: the semimembranosus muscle can rotate the leg medially on the thigh
1: the lateral and medial collateral ligaments contribute to the limitation of rotatory movements of the thigh on the leg T
2: quadriceps power is increased by hip extension T
3: the cruciate ligaments prevent backward and forward gliding of the femur on the tibia T
4: the semimembranosus muscle can rotate the leg medially on the thigh T
The synovial membrane of the knee
1: may communicate with a bursa under the medial head of gastrocnemius
2: is reflected over the front of the anterior cruciate ligament
3: is reflected as a bursa beneath the tendon of popliteus
4: connects with a prepatellar bursa
1: may communicate with a bursa under the medial head of gastrocnemius T
2: is reflected over the front of the anterior cruciate ligament T
3: is reflected as a bursa beneath the tendon of popliteus T
4: connects with a prepatellar bursa F
The patella
is not ossified at birth?
TRUE
THE PATELLA
is prevented from lateral displacement by the greater prominence of the lateral femoral condyle
TRUE
THE PATELLA
gives attachment to fibres of the vastus medialis
TRUE
THE PATELLA
has a larger medial articular surface as compared with its lateral articular surface
FALSE
18868 – Which of the following bursae normally communicates with the knee joint
A. the popliteus bursa
B. the bursa under lateral head of gastrocnemius
C. the prepatellar bursa
D. the superficial infrapatellar bursa
E. the bursa anserine
A. the popliteus bursa
The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee
1: limits extension of the lateral condyle of the femur ?
TRUE
THE acl OF THE KNEE
is the primary restraint of posterior displacement of tibia upon femur
is the primary restraint of posterior displacement of tibia upon femur TRUE
The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee : is extrasynovial : is extrasynovial ?
TRUE
The anterior cruciate ligament of the knee
arises from the anterior tibial spine ?
FALSE
ARRISES FROM THE ANTERIOR TIBIAL IMMIMENCE
18946 – The anterior cruciate ligament
A. passes upwards, backwards and laterally from the tibial eminence
B. lies anteromedial to the posterior cruciate ligament
C. limits external rotation by winding around the posterior cruciate ligament D. prevents the femur from slipping forward off the tibial plateau
E. lies within the synovial cavity
A. passes upwards, backwards and laterally from the tibial eminence
The semilunar cartilages of the knee (T/F)
1: function in load absorption
2: contribute to stability of the joint
3: move passively during flexion and extension of the knee
4: are vascular close to their peripheral attachments
TTTT
The lateral meniscus of the knee
A. is attached to the fibular collateral ligament
B. gives part origin to the popliteus muscle
C. is attached to the anterior cruciate ligament by an extension of the attachment of the anterior hor
D. is larger than the medial meniscus
E. is totally devoid of vascular supply
B
The fibular collateral ligament is extracapsular, running from lateral condyle of femur to fibular head (A false).
The lateral meniscus has an attachment to the tendon of popliteus (B true),
but not to the anterior cruciate ligament (C false).
The medial meniscus is rather larger than the lateral (D false)
both menisci are vascularised at their outer margins (E false).
The popliteus
A. arises by tendon from the soleal line
B. is supplied by the deep peroneal nerve
C. is an extensor of the knee joint
D. rotates the femur laterally on the tibia
E. has a bursa lying superficial to its tendon
D. rotates the femur laterally on the tibia
The popliteal artery
1: is anterior to the popliteal vein
TRUE
The popliteal artery
is anterior to the tibial (medial popliteal) nerve ?
TRUE
The popliteal artery
is anterior to the popliteus muscle ?
FLASE
The popliteal artery
divides into the anterior and posterior tibial arteries
TRUE
With respect to the venous drainage of the lower limb
1: the saphenous nerve is closely associated with the long saphenous vein in the leg?
TRUE
With respect to the venous drainage of the lower limb
the long saphenous vein does not provide the principal drainage of the medial side of the leg between the tibia and tendo calcaneus?
TRUE
With respect to the venous drainage of the lower limb
the femoral vein is posterior to the femoral artery at the lower angle of the femoral triangle
TRUE
With respect to the venous drainage of the lower limb
the soleus muscle contains a rich plexus of veins ?
TRUE
With regard to the tibia
the flexor hallucis longus muscle is attached to its posterior surface ?
TRUE
Flexor digitorum longus
A. crosses deep to tibialis posterior in the calf
B. crosses deep to flexor hallucis longus in the sole
C. is a bipennate muscle that arises from both bones of the leg
D. is the bulkiest and most powerful of the three deep muscles of the calf
E. is superficial to the neurovascular bundle
C. is a bipennate muscle that arises from both bones of the leg
The gastrocnemius muscle
originates partly from the popliteal surface of the femur just above the medial condyle (T/F)?
True
The gastrocnemius muscle
is innervated by the tibial nerve ?
True
The gastrocnemius muscle
is attached through the tendo calcaneus to the middle third of the posterior surface of the calcaneus
tue
The gastrocnemius muscle
has its dominant blood supply from the inferior genicular arteries
False
S:The strength of plantar flexion by gastrocnemius is increased by simultaneous extension of the knee because
R:the foot acts as a lever during plantar flexion
True
true but not an explanation of A
The soleus muscle
arises from the tibia and fibula ?
True
The soleus muscle
is a plantar flexor of the foot at the ankle joint?
true
The soleus muscle
has a tendon which begins at a higher level than that of the gastrocnemius muscle
false
The tibial nerve
is superficial to the popliteal vessels in the popliteal fossa
True
The tibial nerve
gives branches to the muscles which dorsiflex the foot
false
The tibial nerve
gives branches to the knee and ankle joints
True
The tibial nerve
gives off the sural nerve to the medial side of the leg and foot
False
gives off the sural nerve to the lateral side of the leg and foot
The tibial nerve
A. is derived from the ventral rami of L4, L5, S1, S2 and S3
B. lies medial to the popliteal vessels in the upper part of the popliteal fossa
C. gives off the lateral sural nerve
D. supplies the short head of the biceps femoris
E. has none of the above properties
A. is derived from the ventral rami of L4, L5, S1, S2 and S3
The common peroneal nerve is distributed to ?
1: the skin between the third and fourth toes
2: the knee joint
3: the skin of the lateral side of the calf
4: all the muscles producing eversion of the foot
TTTT
The common peroneal nerve passes the knee joint and supplies it in accordance with Hilton’s law (B true). On the lateral head of gastrocnemius it gives off the lateral cutaneous nerve of the calf (C true), and then divides into superficial and deep peroneal nerves just below the neck of the fibula. The superficial peroneal nerve supplies the evertors of the foot (D true) and ends by dividing into medial and lateral cutaneous branches on the dorsum of the foot. A division of the lateral branch supplies the cleft between third and fourth toes (A true).
The deep peroneal nerve supplies
A. popliteus B. plantaris C. skin on the lateral side of the dorsum of the foot D. peroneus longus E. peroneus tertius
E. peroneus tertius
The motorneurones responsible for the knee-jerk are located mainly in spinal cord segments A. L1, L2 B. L2, L3 C. L3, L4 D. L4, L5 E. L5, S1
C. L3, L4
S. Division of the superficial peroneal nerve results in foot drop
BECAUSE
R. the superficial peroneal nerve supplies the tibialis anterior muscle
false
false
A patient has foot drop and anaesthesia over the dorsum of the foot except on the lateral side. The lesion is likely to involve the
A. tibial and peroneal nerves B. common peroneal nerve C. lumbosacral trunk D. ventral rami of S1 and S2 E. tibial nerve
B. common peroneal nerve
The ventral primary ramus of L4 is distributed to
1: the skin of the medial side of the leg
2: muscles which dorsiflex the ankle joint
3: muscles which invert the foot
4: muscles which flex the knee joint
TTTF
hamstring muscles which flex the knee joint
The cutaneous innervation over the medial malleolus at the ankle is derived from which of the following spine segments? A. L3 B. L4 C. L5 D. S1 E. S2
B. L4
The great (long) saphenous vein has more valves above the knee than below ?
false
more above
The great (long) saphenous vein is intimately related to the saphenous nerve in the leg ?
true
The great (long) saphenous vein is connected to the deep veins by perforating vessels whose valves contain muscular sphincters derived form the tunica media
false
The great (long) saphenous vein is anterior to the medial malleolus
false
In the region of the ankle joint
the posterior tibial artery can be palpated behind the medial malleolus
true
In the region of the ankle joint
the anterior tibial artery can be palpated between the tendons of the extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus
true
In the region of the ankle joint
the flexor retinaculum is attached to the medial malleolus above and the calcaneus below
true
In the region of the ankle joint
the dorsalis pedis artery terminates at the distal end of the first intermetatarsal space
false - proximal end
The talus articulates with all EXCEPT which of the following?
A. the tibia
B. the navicular
C. the posterior tibiofibular ligament
D. the inferior calcaneonavicular ligament
E. the long plantar ligament
E. the long plantar ligament
The sustentaculum tali
1: gives partial attachment to the spring ligament
2: is a projection from the calcaneus
3: supports the head of the talus
4: gives partial attachment to the deltoid ligament
TTTT
The sustentaculum tali is a shelf projecting from the upper part of the medial surface of the calcaneus supporting the head of the talus (B and C true). The rounded medial border of the sustentaculum tali gives attachment over its whole thickness to the spring ligament in front and the superficial lamina of the deltoid ligament behind (A and D true).
The deltoid ligament is attached to the
medial malleolus ?
true
The deltoid ligament is attached to the
sustentaculum tali in continuity with the inferior transverse ligament ?
FALSE
yes to sustentaculum but not the inferior transverse ligament.
The deltoid ligament is attached to the
inferior calcaneo-navicular (spring) ligament ?
true
The deltoid ligament is attached to the
tuberosity of the navicular ?
true
The deltoid ligament is attached to the
1: medial malleolus
2: sustentaculum tali
3: inferior calcaneo-navicular (spring) ligament
4: tuberosity of the navicular
TTTT The deltoid (medial) ligament of the ankle is an extremely strong ligament arising from the lower border of the medial malleolus (A true) and having a long distal attachment extending from the body of the talus posteriorly, along the sustentaculum tali, talar neck and the medial edge of the spring ligament to the tuberosity of the navicular (B,C,D true).
On the anterior aspect of the ankle joint the tendon of the extensor hallucis longus
A. is medial to the tibialis anterior
B. is lateral to the deep peroneal nerve
C. is lateral to the extensor digitorum longus
D. possesses no synovial sheath
E. is medial to the anterior tibial artery
E. is medial to the anterior tibial artery
The lateral plantar artery
anastomoses with the medial plantar artery to complete the plantar arch
false , anastomoses with the dorsalis pedis more superficially.
the medial just cruises up to the big toe alone
The lateral plantar artery
crosses the sole obliquely on the lateral side of the lateral plantar nerve
True
The lateral plantar artery
lies deep to the flexor accessorius muscle
false
The lateral plantar artery
anastomoses with dorsalis pedis and arcuate arteries
true
The muscles which are commonly supplied by the medial plantar nerve include
1: the adductor hallucis
2: the flexor hallucis brevis
3: the flexor accessorius (quadratus plantae)
4: the first lumbrical muscle
false
true
false
true
Flexion of both hip and knee joints is produced by A. rectus femoris B. semitendinosus C. biceps femoris D. sartorius E. tensor fasciae latae
D. sartorius
Which of the following lies in the second muscular layer of the sole? A. peroneus longus tendon B. abductor digiti minimi C. flexor accessorius D. flexor digitorum brevis E. flexor digiti minimi brevis
C. flexor accessorius
The flexor hallucis longus
arises from the inferior two-thirds of the posterior surface of the shaft of the tibia
false
arises from the flexor surface of the fubula and from the adjoining aponurosis of the flexor digitorum longus.
The flexor hallucis longus
grooves the posterior surface of the medial malleolus
false
goes under the calcaneous
The flexor hallucis longus
crosses superficial to the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus in the sole of the foot?
false,
the flexor digi longus if superficial and the hallucis is under it when they cross
The flexor hallucis longus
4: grooves the posterior aspect of the talus
true
Extensor digitorum longus
A. crosses the ankle joint medial to tibialis anterior
B. crosses the ankle joint medial to extensor hallucis longus
C. crosses the ankle joint lateral to the deep peroneal nerve
D. supplies tendons to the medial four toes
E. does none of the above
C. crosses the ankle joint lateral to the deep peroneal nerve
S. Mobility of the first metatarso-phalangeal joint is important in normal walking
BECAUSE
R. flexor hallucis longus is a powerful contributor to the propulsive force of the foot
true
true
