Lowerlimb

Question 1

Primary extensor of the hip joint.

Answer 1

Gluteus maximus.

Question 2

Nerve roots of the patellar reflex.

Answer 2

L2–L4 (femoral nerve).

Question 3

Ligament preventing tibial adduction at the knee.

Answer 3

Lateral collateral ligament.

Question 4

What forms the Achilles tendon?

Answer 4

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris.

Question 5

Clinical test for ACL integrity.

Answer 5

Anterior drawer (or Lachman) test.

Question 6

Most common direction of patellar dislocation.

Answer 6

Lateral.

Question 7

Main artery of the lateral leg compartment.

Answer 7

Perforating branches of fibular (peroneal) artery.

Question 8

Which nerve lies lateral to the ischial spine exiting the pelvis?

Answer 8

Pudendal nerve via the lesser sciatic foramen.

Question 9

Muscle innervated by nerve to piriformis.

Answer 9

Piriformis.

Question 10

What muscle unlocks the knee from full extension?

Answer 10

Popliteus.

Question 11

Compartment syndrome first compromises which function?

Answer 11

Distal sensation (paresthesia).

Question 12

Main eversion muscles of the foot.

Answer 12

Fibularis longus and brevis.

Question 13

Site for safe gluteal IM injection.

Answer 13

Upper outer quadrant (superolateral).

Question 14

‘Unhappy triad’ components.

Answer 14

ACL, MCL, medial meniscus.

Question 15

Nerve supply to the hip joint.

Answer 15

Femoral, obturator, superior gluteal, nerve to quadratus femoris.

Question 16

Bone forming the lateral malleolus.

Answer 16

Distal fibula.

Question 17

Which ligament stabilises medial longitudinal arch?

Answer 17

Spring (plantar calcaneonavicular) ligament.

Question 18

Cutaneous innervation of the web between first two toes.

Answer 18

Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve.

Question 19

Artery at risk in femoral neck fracture causing avascular necrosis.

Answer 19

Medial circumflex femoral artery.

Question 20

Which nerve is compressed in foot drop?

Answer 20

Common fibular (peroneal).

Question 21

Muscles forming pes anserinus.

Answer 21

Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus.

Question 22

Action lost with superior gluteal nerve injury.

Answer 22

Hip abduction leading to Trendelenburg gait.

Question 23

Structure palpated posterior to medial malleolus (order anterior→posterior).

Answer 23

Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery/vein, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus (Tom Dick AN Harry).

Question 24

Diagnostic imaging for DVT.

Answer 24

Duplex venous ultrasound.

Question 25

Which ligament limits hyper-extension of the hip?

Answer 25

Iliofemoral ligament.

Question 26

Commonest site of compartment syndrome in lower limb.

Answer 26

Anterior compartment of leg.

Question 27

Avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter implies which muscle pull?

Answer 27

Psoas major.

Question 28

Main contents of popliteal fossa (deep → superficial).

Answer 28

Popliteal artery, popliteal vein, tibial nerve.

Question 29

Ligament attached to medial meniscus.

Answer 29

MCL.

Question 30

Which bone lacks muscular attachments in the foot?

Answer 30

Talus.

Question 31

What is the function of the popliteus muscle?

Answer 31

Unlocks the fully extended knee by medially rotating the tibia on the femur.

Question 32

Which structure forms the posterior wall of the adductor canal?

Answer 32

Adductor magnus.

Question 33

Through which structure does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

Answer 33

Adductor hiatus (also known as Hunter’s canal opening), located in the tendon of adductor magnus.

Question 34

Which nerve is most vulnerable to injury at the fibular neck?

Answer 34

Common peroneal (fibular) nerve — causes foot drop if damaged.

Question 35

Q: Patient has foot drop but preserved sensation over the lateral leg and dorsum of the foot. Which nerve is likely involved?

Answer 35

A: Deep peroneal nerve — motor to dorsiflexors, sensory only between 1st and 2nd toes. Superficial peroneal nerve (sensation lateral leg + dorsum) is spared.