LP #100 Immune Response & Terminology Ass. With Immunity

Question 1

• Elicit an immune response
• Normally foreign to body
• free or bound

Answer 1

Antigens (Ag)

Question 2

• A.k.a immunoglobulins (Ig)
• All share similar Y-structures:
• It’s prongs are unique, where Ag binds
• Main stem: common to most Ig

Answer 2

Antibodies (Ab)

Question 3

• Ag + Ab =__________
• large & insoluble
• removed from circulation to tissue

Answer 3

Ag-Ab Aggregate

Question 4

• substances in body that elicit an abnormal response

* autoimmune disease

Answer 4

Antigenic

Question 5

• Humoral immunity is mediated by circulating AB’s produced by B-cells
• Destroy bacteria
• Neutralize bacterial toxins
• recognize free Ag (Ag in its natural state)
• Cause immediate allergic responses
• specificity d/t protein markers in plasma membrane
• Ability to destroy Ag d/t:
• recognition of specific Ag
• ability to produce specific Ab

Answer 5

B-Lymphocytes

Question 6

• Found in body secretions; saliva, sweat, intestinal juice & breast milk
• Helps prevent attachment of pathogens to epithelial cell surfaces (including mucus membranes & the epidermis)
• Exists in limited amounts in plasma

Answer 6

Immunoglobulin A (IgA)

Question 7

• Attached to the external surface of a B-lymphocytes (B-cells)
• Functions as the Ag receptors of B-cells
• Important in B-cell activation

Answer 7

Immunoglobulin D (IgD)

Question 8

• Very large antibody
• Attached to the external surface of a B-lymphocyte (B-cell)
• Functions as the Ag receptors of B-cells
• first Ig class released by plasma cells in the primary response (immunity)
• Activates complement

Answer 8

Immunoglobulin M (IgM)

Question 9

• Bound to mast cells & basophils-when triggered by an Ag, IgE causes these cells to release histamine & other mediators of inflammation
• Secreted by cell sin skin, Gi tract, respiratory tract & tonsils
• Active in allergies reactions

Answer 9

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)

Question 10

• Peaks~10 days from initial exposure

* Produces relatively few Ab molecules

Answer 10

1* immune response

Question 11

• Quickly multiplies
• Produces plasma cells & memory cells
• Peaks~ 2-3 days after exposure
• Produces more Ab’s
• Faster, stronger & longer than 1* response

Answer 11

2* immune response

Question 12

• cellular immunity is mediated by ______
• effective against foreign cells
• produce & secrete cytokines
• recognize membrane-bound Ag
• long living: circulate in blood & lymph

Answer 12

T-Lymphocytes

Question 13

T-cells main functions

Answer 13

• control coral infections

* allergies

Question 14

2 main populations of t-cells are

Answer 14

• CD4 (helper t-cells)

* Cd8 (cycotoxic/killer t-cells)

Question 15

• central role in adaptive immunity; master regulators for the immune system
• Helps activate B-cells & t-cells (induce proliferation)
• Release of their chemicals recruits other WBCs
• Activated helper t-cells can differentiate into distinct subpopulations of help t-cells

Answer 15

Helper T-cells

Question 16

• attack & destroy other cells by:
• Releasing cyotlytic enzymes, toxic chemicals or pore-forming molecules
• Programmed cell death of the target cell by triggering membrane molecules & intracellular apoptosis

Answer 16

Cytotoxic (killer) T-cells

Question 17

T-cell populations

Answer 17

• helper t-cells
• cytotoxic (killer) t-cells
• regulatory T-cells
• memory T-cells

Question 18

*limit immune response?

Answer 18

regulatory T-cells

Question 19

• similar to memory B-cells
• can quickly expand to large numbers of the other t-cell types upon re-exposure to the antigen
• Have a low threshold for activation

Answer 19

Memory T-cells

Question 20

State in which body can defend itself against a specific Ag?

Answer 20

Acquired Humoral immunity

Question 21

Acquired Humoral immunity types

Answer 21

• active: naturally or artificially acquired

* passive: naturally or artificially acquired

Question 22

• based on ability of B-cells to produce specific Ab on 1st exposure to an Ag
• naturally acquired:
• infection
• contact w/ a pathogen
• artificially acquired:
• vaccination

Answer 22

Active immunity

Question 23

• Ab introduced into body
• naturally acquired:
• AB’s passed from mother to fetus via placenta
• AB’s passed from mother to baby via breastfeeding
• artificially acquired:
• injection of immune serum (contain AB’s)

Answer 23

Passive immunity

Question 24

• Group of WBC cancers
• Mutation of daughter cells from a WNC clone
• Suppress or impair bone marrow fxn (severe anemia)

Answer 24

Leukemia

Question 25

Inability of immune system to effective protect body, resulting in lowered resistance to pathogens

Answer 25

Immunodeficiency

Question 26

Hypersensitivity responses may be either?

Answer 26

* immediate (ex. Asthma)- may cause anaphylactic shock | * delayed (ex. Contact dermatitis)

Question 27

*Occurs when immune system produces AB’s to attack its own body structures Ex: Ms, Myasthenia gravis, SLE, RA

Answer 27

Autoimmune disease