Lp 30

Question 1

-compex, private experience
-difficult to explain or describe
-physiological perspective: protective mechanism signalling danger

Answer 1

Pain

Question 2

Pain has various aspects? (6)

Answer 2

-physiological
-psychological
-motivational
-cognitive
-social & cultural
-gender

Question 3

Due to stimulation of nociceptors

Answer 3

Nociceptive pain

Question 4

Due to injury to nerves (sensory disturbance)

Answer 4

Neuropathic pain

Question 5

Pain is a separate sentry modality evoked by stimulation of specific receptors that transmit information to pin centres in the brain

Answer 5

Specificity theory

Question 6

Pain receptors share receptors & pathways with other sensory modalities but different patterns of activity of the same neurons signal painful or non-painful stimuli
-gate control theory is a modification of specificity theory

Answer 6

Pattern theory

Question 7

Theory proposes that the brain contains a neural network called?

Answer 7

Body-self neuromatrix

Question 8

Integrates multiple sources of inputs that ultimately yields sensory, emotional & cognitive components of pain experience & behaviour

Answer 8

Neuromatrix

Question 9

Sensitivity to pain is variable?

Answer 9

-one person to another
-one circumstance to another
-type & or location of affected tissue

Question 10

Stimulation of nociceptive nerve endings can be due to?

Answer 10

-chemical changes
-hypoxia
-mechanical distortion

Question 11

Irritation of nerve ending often results in hyperexcitability experienced in several ways?

Answer 11

-hypersthesia
-hyperalgesia

Question 12

Suggested causes of hyperalgesia

Answer 12

-decreased threshold
-high intensity stimulation

Question 13

Unlike other sensory receptors, nocicptors respond to several forms of stimulation?

Answer 13

-mechanical
-thermal
-chemical

Question 14

Increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli (touch), unpleasant sensations (tingling)

Answer 14

Hyperesthesia

Question 15

Increased sensitivity to pain

Answer 15

Hyperalgesia

Question 16

Muscle (extramural fibres {EFF})

Answer 16

A-alpha (a)

Question 17

Tactile

Answer 17

A-beta (b)

Question 18

Muscle spindle (intrafusal fibres {IFF})

Answer 18

A-gamma (y)

Question 19

Tactile, pain

Answer 19

A-delta

Question 20

-altered pain sensation (reactions to otherwise non-noxious stimuli)
-hypersensitivity may be due to inflammation, or facilitation of nerve segments

Answer 20

Allodynia

Question 21

No sensation

Answer 21

Anesthesia

Question 22

No pain

Answer 22

Analgesia

Question 23

Reduced sensitivity

Answer 23

Hypoesthesia

Question 24

Reduced pain sensation

Answer 24

Hypoalgesia

Question 25

Increased pain sensitivity

Answer 25

Hyperalgesia

Question 26

Increased sensitivity

Answer 26

Hyperesthesia

Question 27

changes in sensory sensitivity

Answer 27

Paresthesia

Question 28

2 types of sensory neurons transmit pain signals to SC

Answer 28

-a nerve fibres -c fibres

Question 29

-yell at Ed -conduct “fast pain” (first pain) -pain from mechanical or thermal stimuli -transmit impulses at a rate of 10-30 metres per second

Answer 29

A nerve fibres

Question 30

Change ins tumuli in sensitivity and consequent nerve impulse generation in the presence of a constant stimulus

Answer 30

Adaptation

Question 31

Provide a sustained response with little or no adaptation

Answer 31

Nociceptors

Question 32

Why are nociceptors not fast adaptive?

Answer 32

Due to their protective function

Question 33

-unmyelinated -conduct “slow-wave pain” (second pain) -pain from chemical or persistent mechanical/ thermal stimuli -transmit impulses at a rate of 0.5-2.0 metres per seconds

Answer 33

C-fibres

Question 34

Nociceptive stimulation that activates C fibres can case a response known as

Answer 34

Neurogenic

Question 35

Inflammation that produces vasodilation & an increased release of chemical mediators to which nociceptors respond

Answer 35

Neurogenic

Question 36

From intense pressure applied to skin or from violent contraction/extreme stretch of muscle -extremes of hot or of cold

Answer 36

Mechanical stimuli

Question 37

From tissue trauma, ischemia, inflammation -released from injured & inflamed tissues

Answer 37

Chemical stimuli

Question 38

Spinothalamic pathways have 2 subdivisions

Answer 38

-one Carrie’s sharp, fast pain -other ravels more slowly