Lp 32 & 34

Question 1

Assessment of pain includes

Answer 1

Nature
Severity
Location
Radiation

Question 2

Example of multidimensional questionnaire about pn
*part1: location of pn on drawling of the body
*part2: list of words to describe qualities of pn (each word has a numeric score severity)
*part3: words to describe characteristics of pn
*part4: client rates pn intensity from 0-5

Answer 2

McGill pain questionnaire

Question 3

-aspirin & other NSAIDs
-mediate synthesis of chemicals which decrease release of inflammatory mediators & desensitize nociceptors
-acetaminophen
*analgesic & antipyretic
*lacks anti-inflammatory properties

Answer 3

Non-narcotic analgesics

Question 4

-aka narcotics
-drugs with morphine-like actions
*relief of short-term pain
*long-term use in conditions such as cancer

Answer 4

Opioid analgesics

Question 5

Medications such as antidepressants, antiseizure medication & neuroleptic anxiolytic agents

Answer 5

Adjuvant analgesics

Question 6

May be curative if it removes cause of pn

Answer 6

Surgical intervention

Question 7

Designed to decrease effects of stress & tension experienced in everyday life

Answer 7

Relaxation techniques

Question 8

Focus attention on stimuli other than painful stimuli or negative emotions

Answer 8

Distraction

Question 9

Self-distraction; individuals focus their attention on positive aspects of experience & away from pn

Answer 9

Cognitive re-appraisal

Question 10

Imagination to develop a positive mental picture

Answer 10

Imagery

Question 11

Requires practice & ability to concentrate

Answer 11

Medication

Question 12

Provides feedback to a person re current status of a body function
*makes person consciously aware of certain body functions
-may be effective in management of pn that has a muscle tension component

Answer 12

Biofeedback

Question 13

-vasodilation increases local blood flow
-may influence transmission of pn impulses

Answer 13

Heat

Question 14

-may decrease afferent neural activity by modulating sensory input travelling to dorsal horn
-application of cold is a noxious stimulus & may influence the release of endogenous opioids from PAG area

Answer 14

Cold

Question 15

Technique intended to provide pn relief by applying electrodes to skin to block impulses in underlying nerves

Answer 15

TENS- transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

Question 16

Digests food we eat & absorbs nutrients

Answer 16

Digestive system

Question 17

Limited by membranes & transport mechanisms available

Answer 17

Absorption

Question 18

Purpose of digestion & digestive processes

Answer 18

Break down food into absorbable nutrients

Question 19

In mouth?
In esophagus?
In stomach & SI?
In LI?

Answer 19

-food
-bolus
-chyme
-feces

Question 20

Produced by exocrine glands

Answer 20

Digestive juices

Question 21

Processes in digestion & digestive

Answer 21

-ingestion
-propulsion (swallowing, peristalsis)
-mechanical digestion (chewing, mixing, churning, segmentation)
-chemical digestion
-absorption
-defecation

Question 22

structural unity w/in GI tract & special adaptations

Answer 22

GI tract: macroanatomy

Question 23

Lined w/ mucosal membrane

Answer 23

Lumen

Question 24

Organs divided into 2 groups

Answer 24

-alimentary canal structures
-accessory digestive organs

Question 25

Upper GI tract

Answer 25

-mouth -esophagus -stomach

Question 26

Lower GI tract

Answer 26

-SI: duodenum, jejunum, ileum -LI: cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum anus

Question 27

accessory digestive organs

Answer 27

-tongue & teeth -salivary glands -pancreas -Liver -gall bladder

Question 28

Wally’s have 4 layers

Answer 28

-mucosa -submucosa -muscularis -serosa (visceral peritoneum)

Question 29

Mucous membrane 3 major Fxn

Answer 29

-secrete mucus, enzymes, hormones -absorb nutrients -protect lumen

Question 30

Mucous membrane consists of

Answer 30

Epithelial CT & MM

Question 31

Areolar CT -vascular -capillaries nourish epithelium -absorb nutrients -MALT

Answer 31

Laminate propria

Question 32

Thin, folded layer of smooth m -local movement -increases surface area

Answer 32

Muscularis mucosa

Question 33

Submucosa 2 fxns

Answer 33

-vascularization -innervation

Question 34

Submucosa consists of

Answer 34

-dense CT -vascular tissue -n fibres -elastic fibres

Question 35

-double layer of smooth m -2 Fxn: segmentation & peristalsis -thick muscular tunic- 2 layers of m w/a layer of n tissue: -circular layer -myenteric n plexus -longitudinal layer

Answer 35

Muscularis externa

Question 36

-outer layer of lower GI tract -formed by areolar CT covered with a layer of epithelium

Answer 36

Serosa (visceral peritoneum)

Question 37

-serosa is replaced by adventitia in the esophagus -encloses & holds esophagus to surrounding structures

Answer 37

Adventitia (fibrous CT)

Question 38

Largest serous membrane in body

Answer 38

Peritoneum

Question 39

-double membrane: parietal layer & visceral layer -space between 2 layers- filled w/serous fluid (lubricates)

Answer 39

Peritoneal cavity

Question 40

Most of gut lies w/in peritoneal cavity ?

Answer 40

Intraperitoneal

Question 41

Parts of SI, pancreas & LI adhere to abd wall ?

Answer 41

Retroperitoneal

Question 42

-extension of parietal peritoneal -pathways for blood, lymph & nn -mostly dorsal (attaches to posterior abd wall)

Answer 42

Mesentery

Question 43

2 types of neural & hormonal controls activate reflexes

Answer 43

-intrinsic -extrinsic

Question 44

N plexuses: found along entire GI tract in?

Answer 44

-submucosa -muscularis externa

Question 45

Intrinsic & extrinsic mechanisms have 2 types of reflexes

Answer 45

-short: intrinsic n plexuses (stretch & chemical stimuli) -long: extrinsic nn; stimuli arising outside GI tract