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2- health alteration lp7 > lp3 book > Flashcards

lp3 book Flashcards

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1
Q

androgen

what responsible for

A

hormones responsible for

muscular development,
physical growth, and
increase in sebaceous gland secretions that cause acne

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2
Q

estrogen

what responsible for

A

devolopment of uterus
fallopian tubes
vagina
breast development

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3
Q

scrotum

penis

A

ballsac/in warm weather it expands/cold weather contacts to keep sperm decent temperature

outlet for male urinary and reporuductive tracts- nitric oxide causes vasodilation and increase blood flow and enlargement

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4
Q

epididymis

vas defrens

A

highly coiled tube that is repsoible for conducting sperm from tubule to vas deferens

carries sperm from epididymis into abdomen ending in seminal cavity, and ejaculatory ducts

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5
Q

prostate

bulboerethal

seminal vesicles

A

all secrete fluid that help to ensure safe passageway of spem

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6
Q

mons veneers

labia minora

labia majora

A

pad of adipose tissue that protects pubic bone from trauma

minora- abundant w/ sebaceous glands

majora- serve as preotection to internal organs

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7
Q

ovaries

meiosis

fallopian tubes

A

produces matures and discharge ovulation

meiosis- chromosomal reduction leaving 22 autosomes and a x sex chromosome

convey the ovum from ovaries into uterus to provide fertilization

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8
Q

uterus

body
isthmus
cervix(vagina)

A

body-fundus-during pregnancy the body exapands to contain growing fetus

isthmus-also expands to accomdiate fetus, where c section is cut into

cervix-expands into the vagona, that acts as the organ of intercourse and to serve as birth canal

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9
Q

menstruation

stages- proliferative/seceratory/ischemic/meses

A

bleeding in response to hormone changes. bring ovum into maturity , lasts about 28 day cycles

proliferative-one layer thick cells, produces estotrgen to begin building layers

secretory-causes glands to become corkscrew and dilated with qnatites of glycogen

ischemic- if no fertilization, production of progesterone decreases, uterus begins to degernate

menses-menstrual shedding, around 30-80 ml

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10
Q

menstruation
menarche
cycles
legth
amount
LMP

A

Menarche: first- average age 12 –@ first can be different. can be spotty, and longer in between

Cycles: average 28 days-start to start-up to 35 can be normal

Length: 4 to 6 days but can be 2-9

Amount: difficult to estimate, 30 to 80ml, if one pad or tampon per hour= heavy bleedin

LMP=first day since first blood

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11
Q

menstruation educational topics

pads/tampons

rotate

NO

wear

clean

A

pads/tampons-hygiene, changing every 3-6 hrs-//no deodorized or perfume ones// don’t wear most absorbent and keep in for a long time

rotate pads b/c of TSS

no douching-absolutely no-especially on period

wear incintent underwear

cleansing peri area-no douching or sprays-clean from front to back

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12
Q

fern test

A

estrogen forms a fernlike pattern on microscope the dried

occurs right before ovulation

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13
Q

spinnbarleit test

A

estrogen can stretch when dominate

stretch mucus between thumb and finger

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14
Q

abstinence

A

refraining from having relations–therotical 100% success rate

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15
Q

lactation amenorrhea method

A

suppression of hormones when breastfeeding

if infant is under 6 months and is breastfeed, then there I only 1-5% of failure rate

once menstruation returns does not work-can return at any time

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16
Q

douching

A

does not work

so do not do

try to suction out sperm

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17
Q

coiutus interrupts

A

withdrawal before ejaculation

only 82% effective-preejculation is possibe

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18
Q

calendar method

fertility awareness methods

A

subtract 18 days from shortest cycle

subtract 11 from longest cycle

all days in between are fertile days and avoid relations in those days

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19
Q

basal body temp method

fertility awareness methods

A

day before ovulation, at rest temapture falls by .5F

during ovulation, temp rises a whole F degree

after this refrain from having relations for 3 days

same time every single day-even on weekends

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20
Q

cercial mucus method

fertility awareness methods

A

before ovulation- cervical mucus is thick and doesn’t stretch

during ovulation-secretion increases

day of ovulation- it becomes copious, thin watery and transparent

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21
Q

two day method

fertility awareness methods

A

if person feels secretions for 2 days on a row, avoid relations

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22
Q

sympothermal method

fertility awareness methods

A

takes temperature and analyzes mucus

refrain from intercourse until 3 days after rise in temperature and 4th day after mucus change

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23
Q

cycle beads

fertility awareness methods

A

first bead-red-first day of flow

6 brown beads-safe days

12 glow in dark beads-fertile days

13 brown safe beads

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24
Q

ovulation detection

fertility awareness methods

A

kits that can detect ovulation

are 98-100%efective

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25
spermicides does not failure rate called contraindicated vaginal suppositories increased effectiveness
cause death of sperm before they can reach the cervix by changing ph does not protect sti failure rate of 20% some called feminine hygiene are for cleanliness and not for contraception contraindicated w/ acute cevicitis because might further iritate cervix in vaginal suppositories- sit supine and wait 30 mins so it stays increased effectiveness w/condom and diaphragm
26
diaphragm % failure prescribed should remain contraindications works best
circular ribber disk that is placed over ceriix before intercourse 18% failure rate prescribed -pregancy,surgery or wt gain =get another one should remain in place 48 hrs after relations contraindications-history of TSS/allergy//history of uti works best with spermicides
27
male/female condoms-barrier methods failure rate prevents condzitdiations
latex rubber sheath- keep tip out don't use both male/female condoms at same time between 5-15% failure prevent sti contraindicated with latex allergy
28
cap failure rate in place dont leave need good for works best
physical barrier 35% effective in place for 6 hrs after intercourse and up to 24 hrs don't leave for over 48 hrs need physician to fit/surgery, wt loss, pregnancy good for pregnancy and smoker because of inability to use COC works best with spermicides
29
combination oral contraceptives % effective not effective bad for take
pills-daily use-prevent ovum-needs prescription 99%effective not effective for first 7 days of taking bad for lactating women d/t decreased milk take every night at same time
30
combination oral contraceptives s/e notify
nausea/wt gain/headache/tender breast/ breakthrough bleeding/ depression notify if chest pain, sob, severe headache/ leg pain/ eye problems
31
estrogen/progesteron transdermal patches stay on applied can start obese
stay on for 3 weeks, off for 1 week, where flow will happen applies to upper arm,torso, abdomen, buttocks can be worn with water start new 4 week cycle if patch is taken off can be harder in obese women to get to hormone level
32
vaginal ring do not need to remove can causes
left in place for three weeks, taken out for 1 week and replaced with another new ring do not need to remove for intercourse can cause discharge,mood changes or skin changes
33
contraceptions dont use if
blood clots
34
subdermal hormone implants release does not failure rate s/e
presents ovulation slowly over 3 years and thickens servical mucus does not protect against sti failure rate of less then 1% S/e- irregular menstrual cycle, depression and scarring
35
im injections effective s/e black box caution
given every 12 weeks- inhibits ovulation almost 100% effective s/e-headache, wt gain, depression, irregular cycles,acne Black box-font use for longer then 2 years caution w/ diabetics -- they can increase blood glucoses
36
intrauterin devices placed failure rate how long lasts se education
small plastic device inserted through vagona can be placed within 5 days of unprotected sex as form of emergency contraception have less then 1% failure nonhormonal 10 years hormonal 5-7 yers s/e are uterine cramping,spotting education-does not prevent sti, contact if pregnancy's
37
vasectomy done effective some can return help additonal
vas deferens are cut and tied in male done under local anesthesia 99.5%effeective some sperm can remain for 6 months after can return to intercourse in 1 wek ice and proper rest can help additional birth control until 2 negative sperm tests at 6 and 10 weeks
38
tubal ligitation can return will s/e can cause
fallopian tubes are not connected to ovaries can return to having relation 2-3 days after will still have menstrual flow s/e are vaginal spotting, bleeding and lower ab cramping can cause eptoptic pregnancy
39
hysterectomy and essure
h- removing everything so no more pregnancy-no periods e- spring loaded-stops release of egg and stops flow. divide prevents egg from coming down scar tissue/pelvic pain- can can still get periods
40
emergency postcoital contraception take effectve s/e
plan b-high dose progestin based pills-prevent ovulation- most can be used3 days 75% effective-dont protects agaitns sti nausea is se
41
Ella and copper iud emergency postcoital contraception
Ella prescribed only- up to 5 days postcoital copper iud can be used- inserted within 72 hours-inhibits imputation and not fertilization
42
medically induced termination of pregnancy mifenspitone methotrecxte s/e no/no/follow
effective 95% of time mifenspitorne-blokcs effect of prgterone methotrexate- interferes with dna synthesis se-- n/v/d, cramping, prolonged bleeding no sex, no heavy lifting, follow up in 2 weeks
43
reproductive alternatives
meds-increase hormones surgery-sperm instilled into cervix ivf-extracted egg and sperm fertilized in lab GIFT-same as IVF but insertered earleir surrogate
44
pelvic exams
have patient lay in lithinomy position with knees up drape patient and make sure comfortable with pillow make sure patient is breathing slowly and empties bladder monitor external genitalia for any infection/inflammation- herpes may mean that you need to have c section \ monitor internal gentalia- use speculum-check cervix, usually light pink-any alterations are documented Pap smears are collected from cervix to see if cancer vaginal speculum is used for infections vaginal examinations are used to examine pelvic wall strength and anomalies in organs
45
mittelshmerz right side day education=meds,devices,legs,
pain during ovulation-felt on one side of abdomen if on right side, diffentate for appendicitis) day 14 from first day of menstrural cycle-occurs in teens Education-heating pads, elevating legs, more rest time, COC, NSAID(ibuprofen), NO aspirin-makes flow heavier
46
dysmenorrhea manifestations rule out treatment
painful menstruation- bloating and lighting cramping a day before flow sharp pain with aching/pulling when pain starts rule out PID/tumor use ibuprofen(nsaid), if doesn't help use COC
47
Anovulatory treatment
a menstrual cycle in which the release of an egg from the ovaries does not occur primary if doesn't occur b/c of disease secondary of occurs b/c of disease treatment-determain cause
48
menorrghia call
abnormally heavy flow more then 80 ml or one pad an hour -call doctor for iron supplements
49
metorrhagia normal not normal dont want
abnormal bleeding between periods- could be normal for adolescents , not for adults' with established cycles. Dont want elderly to have because of ovarian cancer
50
menstrural migraine caused by often treatment
headache associated w/ period-dstabilitizing as is, can make worse often has N/v caused by hormones, drop in estrogen/ nsaids(ibuprofen) and Botox can help
51
endometriosis def can cause
appearance of endometrial tissue outside the uterus and causing pelvic pain- can be found anywhere in body, right outside is most common, can cause infertility problems
52
endometriosis s/s
pain during periods, sexual intercourse , bowel movements and/or urination
53
endometriosis treatments
pain relief drugs (anti-inflammatories), oral contraceptives, ultimately could need surgery in end-if adhesions or scaring
54
premenstrual syndrome felt blood supply can cause
a group of physical and emotional symptoms that start one weeks before your period can be felt after ovulation blood supply to ovaries is decreased can cause watr retetion, hypoglycemina, fluxuations in calcium and serotonin
55
premenstrual syndrome s/s
emotional swings, fatigue, bloating,, hormone fluctuation, eating more/cravinfs
56
PMS nursing considerations
keep journal of symptoms diet- high in vitamin, calcium and sodium exercise support groups
57
amenorrhea evaluate for
absence of menstrual flow eval for rights age, pregnancy's, stress, eating disordeer could be s/s
58
premenstrual dysphoric disorder occurs
occurs in luteal and is relieved with menses
59
premenstrual dysphoric disorder s/s make sure
anxiety, fatigue, bloating, irrablity, depression ensure adequate vitamin intake
60
female cicumcision imperforate hymen polycystic ovary sundrome
removal of clitoris, have difficultly with childbirth or contraception ring of tissue that obstructs vaginal opening increased androgen level that prevents ovary maturation
61
toxic shock syndrome
acute septicemia caused by damage of insertion of tampons rare but life threatening
62
TSS manifestions and end
fever over 102, hypotension, sunburn-like rash on palms/feet , muscle pain V/D reduces platlets end-organ damage-renal, CNS
63
tss treatments take out
antiobiotcs - cephlaspoirns and clindamycines taking out all tampons-rotate every 3-6, don't use highly absorb and keep for longer
64
vulvovaginitis def
inflamed outer vagina
65
vulvovaginitis manifestations
itchy/sore vagina, discharge, dryness, pain, light bleeding
66
vulvovaginitis keep treatments
keep dry, incontinent underwear yeast infections treatment, Tylenol, nsaids
67
pelvic inflammatory disease-what is trasmission increased
inflammatory conditions in uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries sexual tramdission is 75% of pid cases- chylamidia/ gonorrhea higher chance of infertility
68
pelvic inflammatory disease manifestations discharge
severe pain, fever 101-102 leukocytosis heavy yellow creamy purulent discharge
69
pelvic inflammatory disease treatments
analgesics antibiotics-clindamycin
70
accessory nipples breast hypertrophy brast hypoplasia
additional nipples-can be subject to same diseases as normal breast abnormally large breast due to progesterone levels- can cause pain, surgery can reduce size reduction in size pf breast
71
candidiasis manifestation patches
vaginial reddening, buring, itching, bleeding, painful intercourse, thick white patches thick cream cheese like discharge-watch patches
72
candidiasis treatments teaching//hygeine, use, complete, can be, refrain ,loose, eat
oral/vaginal antifungal agents like "zole" for 3-7 days-nystatin is key ingredient hygeine, proper use of apllicators, complete entire treatment can be all over body, breasts, mouth, anal, peri refrain from alcohol loose, cotton clothing eat yogurt
73
candidiasis thrives not necessarily 90% need
thrives on glycogen not necessary sti-fungal infection 90% of women will have need to check glucose level- if struggle with yeast infections - could be diabetes
74
trichomoniasis discharge manifestaions males
frothy white/greyish green discharge w/ foul odor, buring/itching of vagina- could be bruising males will report no symptoms
75
trichomoniasis treatment teaching//hygiene/complete,use,no//
oral metrondolze or tinidazole perineal hygiene, complete doses. use barrier methods-use condoms and no alcohol
76
bacterial vaginosis-what is manifestions discharge
absence of lactobacilli in vaginal flora -burning when peeing and itching milky white to gray discharge with fish smell
77
bacterial vaginosis treatment
oral metronizodle// yeast treatments for 7 days treat partner as well use probiotics like yogurt as well
78
clhymida s/s discharge can lead
dysuria, urinary infrequency, but could be asymtpmatic heavy, gray-white discharge can lead to PID and infertility
79
clhymida risk factors and prevention
rf-many partners + unprotected sex prevention-no sex ot protected sex
80
clhymida treatment
oral doxycycline 7 day or azithromycin for 1 dose- --each partner must complete treatment
81
human pipilomavirus manfiestatiopns
lesions spread fibrous tissue overgrowth on vagina
82
human pipilomavirus goes treatment vaccine
go away on own podophyllin or wart removal therapy child needs vaccine before they become sexually active
83
herpes spread s/s
spread by skin to skin contact 1-face 2-genitals s/s-painful vesicles that tingle,burn, itch or pain
84
herpes education//birth,virals,ice,avoid, wear// treatment
-c secion during birth, antivirals dont cure, use ice for relief, avoid stress. avoid sex, wear condoms acylcoivor and valactolvir are antivirals
85
gonorrhea manifestation discharge asymptmatic males can cause
pain during urination slight yellow vagina discharge 20% men asympomatic and 80% women inflammation can scare testes in males/ can cause PID ,arthritis and heart disease if not treated
86
gonorrhea treatment education return
im prosefin cefrixone and arithromycin finsih antibiotic course, both be treated, use condoms, dont have sex utnil fully treated return in 7 days to make sure its gone
87
syphillis stages weirdone
primary stage-lesions, highly infections on genitals, mouth, breasts, fingers 3-4 weeks after contact secondary-2wk - 6 mnth and lesion disappears, rash on palms of feet, sore throat, generalized lympademnopathy
88
Syphilis 1 2 3 end causes
1-canker for 6 weeks and fades away 2- 2-4 weeks after canker a rash and low grade fever appears 3- latent phase- still can be spread decades away can cause all types of body problems that leads to death
89
syphillis treatment education
penecillin is treamtent- 1 dose- eitymyocyn and tetracycline if no pen not trasmitted by sex but by blood. no apparent symptoms
90
kegel exercises
Stop the flow of urine during voiding and hold for a few seconds. Tighten the muscles at the vaginal entrance around a gloved finger or tampon. Tighten the muscles around the anus as though resisting defecation. hold for 3 seconds, relax for 3 seconds. Continue the sequence for 25 repetitions twice a day Keep abdominal muscles and breathing relaxed Establish a routine because these exercises should be continued for life.
91
nurses role in reproductive health
Personal education Community Education Sensitive information Nonjudgmental
92
ovulation Fsh role lh role Ovulation how long before menstruatation temperature
Rise in female hormones FSH stimulates ovary to mature LH stimulates release of the egg into fallopian tube Ovulation always occurs 14 days before menstruation. Drop in temp day before ovulation, then 1 degree rise day after ovulation
93
signs of puberty
hair emotions change in voice increased appetite fatigue lab values change height breast interests Girls can start at 7
94
pap exams once need give abnomral pap week
once 3-5 years-if positive every 6 months need negative HPV test give cerival cancer vaccine in early years-rise in cancer abnormal results do not mean cancer-removal and biopsy pap swab test for HPV and cancer week after menstrual cycle
95
mammogram breast self exams
age 45 Is recommended-annual and at risk- recommended 7-10 days aft menstrual cycle Breast self-exams: There is very little evidence that doing self-exams or having clinical breast exams routinely is helpful for women at average risk of breast cancer. PROMOTE-start in teens
96
4 stages of menopause average age will knowwhen risks
pre-cramps,anxiety,nausea, iratiblity prei/meno pause- hot flashes, night sweats, irregular periods, loss of lbiido post menopause-high risk of condiotns like heart disease and uti 52 is average age--peri is 30-40 will know when dont have a period for a whole year high risk of osteoperosis, UTI, ovarian cancer and CAD
97
menopause management Diet Vitanmins Remedies stress s/eof hrt
high fiber low fat diet eat vitamin deb herbs manage stress a lot of side effects from HRT-breast cancer, strokes, dvt, osteoporosis ,
98
nursing management of stis
throuorugh h an p include sexual behaviors encourage patient to notifyy parterns if under 10 consider sexual abuse
99
AIDS spread gores
spread through sperm or blood Goes from HIV to aids
100
infertility/subferitliy when to check problems lay down
after 1 year of unprotected and no fertilization if over 35 check after 6 months aging, thyroid, ovulation, pid, endometriosis,implamantation problems have women lay down with legs raised after interocurse

2- health alteration lp7 (7 decks)

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