Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Body in Health and Disease and Basic Anatomy > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Bone forming cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells that maintain the bone but do not divide to produce new bone tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that are involved with the breakdown of bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compact Bone

A

hard and dense; it makes up the main shaft of long bones and the outer layer of other bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Spongy Bone

A

a meshwork of bone fragments filled with red marrow and is located at the ends of long bones and at the center of other bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Red Marrow

A

Found at the ends of long bones and at the center of other bones (flat bones). Function is to produce blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Yellow Marrow

A

Found in the cavities of long bones and consists mostly of fat cells or adipose tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Periosteum

A

The outer membrane of bones. Contains osteoblasts, blood and lymph vessels and nerve fibers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Endosteum

A

Line the marrow cavity of bones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Long Bones

A

Long bones with a shaft and irregular shaped ends; Femur and Humerus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diaphysis

A

Long shaft on the long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Epiphysis- Proximal and Distal

A

The two irregular shaped ends on the long bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Short Bones

A

Have approximately the same dimensions in all directions; cubed-like bone in the wrist and ankles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Flat Bones

A

Bones with two surfaces roughly parallel and close to each other (

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Bones that do not fit in any other category; like vertebrae and jaw bone (Mandible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

Small, rounded bones that develop within a tendon or a joint capsule; like the patella or knee cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Axial Skeleton- Cranial Bone- Frontal

A

(1) Foehead bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Axial Skeleton- Cranial Bone-Parietal

A

(2) Top and side walls of the cranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Axial Skeleton- Cranial Bone- Temporal

A

(2) Form central sides of cranium around ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Axial Skeleton- Cranial Bone- Occipital

A

(1) Forms the posterior part of the cranium; the large hole, FORAMEN MAGNUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Axial Skeleton- Cranial Bone - Sphenoid

A

(1) A compound bone that forms the base of the cranium, behind the eye and below the front part of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Axial Skeleton- Cranial Bone - Ethmoid

A

(1) An unpaired cranial bone that is a significant component of the upper nasal cavity and the nasal septum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Axial Skeleton- Facial Bone - Nasal

A

(2) Small bones which form the upper part of the bridge of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Axial Skeleton- Facial Bone- Vomer

A

(1) Forms lower part of the nasal septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Axial Skeleton- Facial Bone- Inferior Conchae

A

(2) Bones situated on the lateral wall of the nasal cavities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Axial Skeleton- Facial Bone- Lacrimals

A

(2) Thin bones the size of fingernails; located near the inner corner of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Axial Skeleton- Facial Bone- Zygomatic

A

(2) Cheek bone; forms part of the eye socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Axial Skeleton- Facial Bone- Palatine

A

(2) L-shaped bones; form posterior part of hard palate; also form the floor and lateral walls of the nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Axial Skeleton- Facial Bone- Maxilla

A

(2) Upper jaw bone; two bones fuse to form the upper jaw and the anterior part of the hard palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Axial Skeleton- Facial Bone- Mandible

A

(1) Lower jaw bone; ONLY MOVABLE BONE IN THE SKULL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Axial Skeleton- Ear Bones (Ossicles)- Malleus

A

(2) Middle ear bone; malleus means HAMMER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Axial Skeleton- Ear Bones (Ossicles)- Incus

A

(2) Middle ear bone; incus means ANVIL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Axial Skeleton- Ear Bones (Ossicles)- Stapes

A

(2) Middle ear bone; stapes means STIRRUPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Axial Skeleton- Ear Bones (Ossicles)- Hyoid

A

(1) U-shaped bone in the neck at the base of the tongue, forms the functional part of the support of the larnyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Axial Skeleton- Vertebral Column- Cervical Vertebrae

A

(7) Upper seven vertebrae in neck region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Axial Skeleton- Vertebral Column- Thoracic Vertebrae

A

(12) Next twelve bones in the vertebrae column; ribs articulate with these

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Axial Skeleton- Vertebral Column- Lumbar Vertebrae

A

(5) Next 5 vertebrae; largest of the vertebrae; located in the small of the back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Axial Skeleton- Vertebral Column- Sacrum

A

(1) In children 5 bones; in adults fuse into one; wedged between the two hip bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Axial Skeleton- Vertebral Column- Coccyx

A

(1) Tailbone; in children four separate vertebrae; in adults it fuses into one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Axial Skeleton- Thorax- True Ribs

A

(14-seven pairs) Upper seven pairs; attached to the sternum by costal cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Axial Skeleton- Thorax- False Ribs

A

(10- five pairs) Lower 5 pairs; upper three attach to the sternum by way of coastal cartilage, LOWER TWO do not attach to the sternum and are known as FLOATING RIBS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Axial Skeleton- Thorax- Sternum

A

(1) Breast bone- contains three parts, superior called the MANUBRIUM, the middle called the BODY and inferior called the XIPHOID PROCESS. In youth it is made of cartilage becomes bone in adults. Landmark for CPR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Shoulder Girdle- Clavical

A

(2) Collar bone, slender bone with a slight curvature, function is to brace the shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Shoulder Girdle- Scapulae

A

(2) Shoulder Blade, located on the upper back part of the thorax; flat triangular shaped bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Upper Extremities- Humerus

A

(2) Upper arm bone; articulates superiorly with the scapula and inferiorly with the radius and ulna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Upper Extremities- Ulna

A

(2) Bones on the little side of lower arm; a projection of this bone at the proximal end is called the OLECRANON process is know as the “funny bone”

47
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Upper Extremities- Radius

A

(2) Bone on the thumb side of the lower arm; head of radius (proximal end) articulates with distal end of the Humerus.

48
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Upper Extremities- Carpals

A

(16) Wrist bones: 8 irregular bones at the upper end of the hand

49
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Upper Extremities- Metacarpals

A

(10) Hand bones: form the framework of the hands

50
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Upper Extremities- Phalanges

A

(28) Finger bones: three in each finger, two in each thumb

51
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Pelvic Girdle- Hip Bone

A

(2) A large irregular shaped bone; develops as three separate parts: ILIUM (uppered flared portion), ISCHIUM the lowest and strongest portion and the PUBIS form the anterior portion. The head of the femur articulates with the hip bone in a socket called the ACETABULUM

52
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Lower Extremities- Femur

A

(2) Thigh bone; the longest and the strongest bone in the body, the proximal end fits into the ACETABULUM and the distal end articulates with the tibia

53
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Lower Extremities-Patella

A

(2) Knee cap; sesamoid bone embedded in tendons of the quadriceps fermoris muscle

54
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Lower Extremities- Tibia

A

(2) Shin bone; larger of the two lower leg bones, located on the medial side of the leg; a projection of this bone is the MEDIAL MALLEOLUS, ankle bone or the weight-bearing bone.

55
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Lower Extremities- Fibula

A

(2) Slender bone on the lateral side of the leg; a projection of this bone, the LATERAL MALLEOLUS, is the outer ankle bone, not weight-bearing

56
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Lower Extremities- Tarsals

A

(14) Ankle bones; form the heel and the back of the foot; the CALCANEUS (heel) is the largest of these bones

57
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Lower Extremities- Metatarsals

A

(10) Foot bones; tarsal and metatarsal bones are arranged to form three arches in the foot, longest bone of the foot form the instep (DORSUM) of the foot

58
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Lower Extremities- Phalanges

A

(28) Toes bones; three in each toe except the large toe there are two

59
Q

Mastoid Process

A

A projection of the temporal bone located behind the external part of the ear

60
Q

Acromion

A

Located on the scapula and is the highest point on the shoulder blade

61
Q

Olecranon

A

Located at the upper end of the Ulna and forms the point of the elbow

62
Q

Iliac crest

A

The curves rim of the ilium

63
Q

Iliac spine

A

Located at the ends of the iliac crest and can be felt as two bony projections (hip areas)

64
Q

Ischial spine

A

Located at the back of the pelvic opening; used as a point of reference during childbirth to indicate how far the baby has traveled down the birth canal.

65
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

Located below the ischial spine; it is the large roughened

66
Q

Acetabulum

A

Th socket located in the hip joint in which the head of the femur fits and forms the hip joint

67
Q

Trochanter

A

A very large process to which muscles are attached; used to identify two large projections near the upper end of the femur, the GREATER and LESSER TROCHANTERS

68
Q

Malleolus

A

The large projections that extend from the distal ends of the tibia and fibula at the ankle (ankle bones)

69
Q

Foramina

A

A hole in the bone

70
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Located on the occipital bone which allows the spinal cord to pass through and reach the brain

71
Q

Intervertebral foramina

A

Holes located in the vertebral column through which spinal nerves will pass as they leave the spinal cord

72
Q

Obturator foramina

A

Largest foramina in the body; located in the pelvic girdle, near the front of each hipbone

73
Q

Fontanelles

A

An opening between cranial bones that have not yet grown together; commonly known as soft spots; bone formation is usually complete by 18 mo. of age

74
Q

Cleft Palette

A

A congenital deformity caused by the faulty union of the maxillary bone; an opening in the roof of the mouth

75
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A condition characterized by a decrease in calcium deposits, bone protein, and osteoblasts (bone forming cells); the bone is unable to form correctly or repair itself; cases are seen due to aging process, malnutrition and various endocrine deficiencies (decrease in hormones)

76
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal, lateral curvature of the vertebral column; extreme cases can result in damage to internal organs

77
Q

Fractures

A

a break or rupture in a bone; CLOSED FRACTURE (break in the bone), OPEN FRACTURE (COMPOUND FRACTURE- break in bone through soft tissue), GREENSTICK FRACTURE (bone splits)

78
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

No Joint cavity, and no movement is permitted. These joints are also termed a SYNARTHROSIS. The skull sutures are united by fibrous tissues and are a good example

79
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Permit a small amount of movement. Cartilage is found between bones. Examples are pubic bone and intervertebral joints. Joints are referred to as AMPHIARTHROSIS.

80
Q

Synovial Joints

A

Permit a wide variety of movement. This type of joint is freely moveable and is termed DIARTHROSIS. They have a true joint cavity lined with a synovial membrane and secrete a thick colorless fluid known as synovial fluid

81
Q

Ligaments

A

Strong, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that help to hold bones together at the joints

82
Q

Tendons

A

White, glistening cords or band of flexible, fibrous tissue that attach muscles to bones

83
Q

Bursae pl. (Bursa sl.)

A

Small, enclosed sacs lined with synovial membrane or fibrous sacs filled with a small amount of synovial fluid. They function to reduce friction between moving parts in the joints

84
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Form caps over the ends of bone forming joints. Its function is to prevent friction between ends of bone in a joint

85
Q

Synovial- Gliding Joint

A

Has flattened or slightly curved articular surfaces that allow for sliding movements. Examples are the joints between the carpal bones of the wrist and tarsals bones of the ankle

86
Q

Synovial- Hinge Joint

A

One concave and one convex articulating surface. Movement is permitted in only one plane. Examples are elbow and knee

87
Q

Synovial- Pivot Joint

A

Has a rotary movement. In this form, a ring rotates around a pivot as in the first two cervical vertebrae

88
Q

Synovial- Condyloid Joint

A

Allows movement in two planes such as the joint between the wrist and the bones of the forearm

89
Q

Synovial- Saddle Joint

A

Is shaped like a saddle as the term implies and provides movement in two planes. The articular surface is concave in one direction and convex in the other at right angles to the former. The carpal/metacarpal thumb joint is an example

90
Q

Synovial- Ball and Socket Joint

A

The head of a bone fits into a cup-like socket of another bone. It is most freely moveable type of joint. Examples include the hip and shoulder

91
Q

Flexion

A

Bending of a joint thereby decreasing the angle between the bones; illustrated by bending the elbow or by bending the fingers to close the hand

92
Q

Extension

A

Straightening out of a joint which increases the angle between bones; illustrated by straightening the fingers to open the hand

93
Q

Abduction

A

Movement of a limb way from the midline of the body; illustrated by kicking a football or reaching to picking up an item

94
Q

Adduction

A

Movement of a limb toward the midline of the body; illustrated by bringing the arms and legs back to their original position after kicking or reaching

95
Q

Circumduction

A

Circular movement of an extremity which is made possible by utilizing the angular movement of FLEXION, EXTENSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION. Example is drawing an imaginary circle in the sir or draw a circle on the floor with your foot

96
Q

Rotation- Supination

A

Turning palms up or forward

97
Q

Rotation- Pronation

A

Turning palms down or backward

98
Q

Rotation- Inversion

A

Turning the sole inward facing the opposite foot

99
Q

Rotation- Eversion

A

Turning the sole outward, away from the body

100
Q

Dislocations

A

The separation and displacement of parts of the joint; the parts include MUSCLES, TENDONS, LIGAMENTS and the BONES

101
Q

Sprains

A

The wrenching of a joint causing the LIGAMENTS to stretch and tear, but there is no displacement of the bones

102
Q

Arthritis

A

inflammation of the joints; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS is characterized by swelling of the joint, inflammation, overgrowth of the synovial membrane and other joint tissue make the joint inactive

103
Q

Infectious Arthritis

A

Inflammation due to the presence of a pathogenic organism that attacks the joints as well as the bone tissue. Examples are Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus Group A and Neisseria Gonorrhea

104
Q

Gout

A

Caused by a disturbance in the metabolic process; increased amounts of uric acid (biproduct) will accumulate in the joints and cause pain

105
Q

Bachache

A

A condition associated with disturbances in the vertebrae caused by INFECTIONS, TUMORS or STRAINS

106
Q

Appendicular skeleton- Lower Extremities- Calcanus

A

Heel bone

107
Q

Costal cartilage

A

Cartilage that serve to prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax.

108
Q

Cranium

A

Skull

109
Q

Epiphyseal Line (growth line)

A

It is the part of a long bone where new bone growth takes place; that is, the whole bone is alive, with maintenance remodeling throughout its existing bone tissue, but the growth plate is the place where the long bone grows longer (adds length).

110
Q

Medullary (marrow) cavity

A

The hollow part of bone that contains bone marrow

111
Q

Xphoid Process

A

The cartilaginous section at the lower end of the sternum, which is not attached to any ribs, and gradually ossifies during adult life

112
Q

Floating Ribs

A

Are the lower two sets of ribs that lack attachment to the breast bone

113
Q

Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion

A

Dorsiflexion involves just lifting the foot. Plantar flexion involves lifting the whole body.

114
Q

Osseous

A

Bone Tissue

Human Body in Health and Disease and Basic Anatomy (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions