What is a common organism infection in tracheitis?
S. aureus
What is a common organism infection in chronic bronchitis
M. catarrhalis
S. pneumonaiae
H. Influenza
Define Bronchitis
inflammation of walls of bronchi and bronchioles causing narrowing
Define Bronchiectasis
Widening of the bronchi and bronchioles
Excessive mucous production that narrows the bronchial tree
Who does acute bronchitis occur in?
All ages
Who does chronic bronchitis occur in?
Adults
Who does bronchiolitis occur in?
Infants
What is the most common microbial cause for acute bronchiolitis?
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Who would we consider Ribavirin treatment in for acute bronchiolitis?
Patients with:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- Congenital heart dz
- Premature
- Immunodeficiency
Who would we consider prophylaxis against RSV in?
Patients with underlying pulmonary or CV disease
Prophylaxis treatment
- RSV immune globulin
2. Palivizumab-Preferred
How do we administer Palivizumab?
IM or IV infusion monthly
Palivizumab ADEs
- Fever
- Rash
- Antibody formation
- Rare anaphylaxis
- Thrombocytopenia
What are the most common causes of acute bronchitis?
LRI pathogens:
- Influenza virus
- Adenovirus
What pathogens do we see in children?
Adults viruses + Parainfluenza virus
What is a frequent bacterial cause of acute bronchitis?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae-“Walking pneumonia”
Abx treatment for acute bronchitis
- Azithromycin
2. Respiratory Fluoroquinolone
What is the hallmark definition of chronic bronchitis?
- Cough for 3 mos. for 2. years
- Excessive sputum production
- Expectoration w/ persistent presence of microorganisms in pt’s sputum
Chronic bronchitis treatment
- Mobilize and enhance sputum expectoration-Chest physiotherapy, humidification of inspired air
- Oxygen
- Aerosolized bronchodilator- Albuterol
- Abx if warranted
What are the most common bacterial pathogens in sputum in chronic bronchitis?
- H. ifluenza
- M. catarrhalis
- S. pneumoniae
Abx treatment for chronic bronchitis
- Doxycycline
- Amoxicillin
- TMP/SMZ
What is the MC pathogen causing CAP?
S. pneumoniae
What organism is only seen in <1 month?
Listeria
List first generation cephalosporin and clinical use
Cephalexin
Skin, soft tissue, UTI
List second generation cephalosporin and clinical use
Cefotetan, Cefoxtin
More active vs. S.pneumoniae, H.influenza
List third generation cephalosporin and clinical use
Ceftriaxone, Cefixime Crosses intro CNS: -Pneumonia -Meiningitis -Gonorrhea -Beta-lactamase stable
List fourth generation cephalosporin and clinical use
Cefipime
Pseudomonas coverage
List fifth generation cephalosporin and clinical use
Ceftaroline
CAP, skin
Carbapenems (Beta-Lactam) SE’s
CNS effects:
- Confusion
- Seizures
Carbapenems (Beta-Lactam) coverage
- Broad spectrum
- Grame (-) rods
- Pseudomonas
