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1
Q

Body of knowledge organized in a logical manner and
the method by which that knowledge is obtained
(Jose and Ong, 2016)

A

SCIENCE

2
Q

Method using a system of rational inquiry dependent
on the empirical testing of facts (Perry and Perry, 2016
as cited by Jose and Ong, 2016)

A

SCIENCE

3
Q

Every science represents the systematic collection and
study of data in one of these area (Hunt and Colander,
2011)

A

SCIENCE

4
Q

CHARACTERISTICS OF SCIENCE

A
EMPIRICAL
PROPOSITIONAL
LOGICAL
PUBLIC
PROBLEM-
SOLVING
CONTINUOUS
5
Q

A phenomenon should be observable using the different senses

A

EMPIRICAL

6
Q

Things are explained in the form of statements or generalizations

A

PROPOSITIONAL

7
Q

Employs the rules of logic in order to validate inferences

A

LOGICAL

8
Q

Ideas are communicated from one scientist to another

A

PUBLIC

9
Q

Presents rational explanations about unexplained observations

A

PROBLEM-

SOLVING

10
Q

Knowledge is build upon by previous and future research on the
subject

A

CONTINUOUS

11
Q

BRANCHES OF SCIENCE

A

NATURAL SCIENCES
SOCIAL SCIENCES
HUMANITIES

12
Q

Bodies of knowledge that tend to humanize humans
as they express themselves in various forms (Bining
and Bining, 1956; as cited by Jose and Ong, 2016)
Deal with special aspects of human culture and are
primarily concerned with our attempts to express
spiritual and aesthetic values and to discover the
meaning of life (Hunt and Colander, 2011)

A

HUMANITIES

13
Q

Concerned with the natural environment in
which human beings exist (Hunt and
Colander, 2011)
Deal with the laws of matter, motion, space,
mass, energy, and living things (ibid)

A

NATURAL SCIENCES

14
Q

Explain and predict phenomena related to
foundation, establishment, and growth of human
society (Bining and Bining, 1956 as cited by Jose
and Ong, 2016)
Concerned with those basic elements of culture
that determine the general patterns of human
behavior (Hunt and Colander, 2011)

A

SOCIAL SCIENCES

15
Q
•Originated
from
philosophy which
was established by
the Greeks during
the Classical Period
(600BC-100AD)
A

SOCIAL SCIENCES

16
Q

Collection of data in a rigorously controlled
situation for the purpose of prediction or
explanation (citing Treece and Treece, 1973)

A

Research

17
Q

Process of gathering data or information to
solve a particular or specific problem in a
scientific manner (citing Manuel and Medel,
1979)

A

Research

18
Q

WHY DO WE RESEARCH?

CALDERON, 1993

A

For preservation and improvement of the
quality of human life
To satisfy man’s craving for understanding
(citing Good and Scates, 1972)

19
Q

WHY DO WE DO SOCIAL RESEARCH?

NEUMAN, 2011

A

Relevant for understanding social life generally and to the
decisions we make every day
Yields valuable information and expands our
understanding
Used in:
engaging our relationships with our family, friends and co-workers
participate in community life
Make daily decisions in business, professional life, and health care

20
Q

TYPES OF SOCIAL RESEARCH

NEUMAN, 2011

A

USE AND
AUDIENCE OF
RESEARCH

PURPOSE

DATA
COLLECTION
TECHNIQUES

21
Q

YPES OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH:

USE AND AUDIENCE (NEUMAN, 2011

A

BASIC

APPLIED

  • EVALUATIVE
  • SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
  • ACTION
22
Q
(NEUMAN, 2011)
Research
designed
to
advance
fundamental knowledge about how the
world works and build/test theoretical
explanations by focusing on the “why”
question; the audience is the scientific
community
A

BASIC RESEARCH

23
Q
(NEUMAN, 2011)
Research designed to offer practical
solutions to a concrete problem or address
the immediate and specific needs of
practitioners
A

APPLIED RESEARCH

24
Q

one tries to determine how well a
program or policy is working or reaching its goals and
objectives

A

Evaluation research –

25
Q

research where it treats knowledge as
a form of power and its primary goal is to facilitate
social change or bring about a value-oriented political-
social goal

A

Action research

26
Q

research that documents
the likely consequences for various areas of social life if
a major new change is introduced into a community

A

Social Impact Assessment

27
Q
YPES OF SOCIAL RESEARCH ACCORDING
TO PURPOSE (NEUMAN, 2011)
A

EXPLORATORY
DESCRIPTIVE
EXPLANATORY

28
Q

esearch whose primary purpose is to
examine a little understood issue or
phenomenon and to develop preliminary ideas
about it and move toward refined research
questions

A

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH

NEUMAN, 2011

29
Q

Research on which the primary purpose is to
“paint a picture” using words or numbers and
to present a profile, a classification of types,
or an outline of steps to answer questions such
as who, when, where, and how

A

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

NEUMAN, 2011

30
Q

Research whose primary purpose is to
explain why events occur and to build,
elaborate, extend or test theory

A

EXPLANATORY RESEARCH

NEUMAN, 2011

31
Q

TYPES OF SOCIAL RESEARCH ACCORDING
TO DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES
(NEUMAN, 2011)

A

Quali

Quanti

32
Q

Collecting data in the form of words or

pictures

A

Quali

33
Q

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH TECHNIQUES

NEUMAN, 2011

A

FIELD
RESEARCH

HISTORICAL-
COMPARATIVE

34
Q

Qualitative research in which the
researcher directly observes and records
notes on people in a natural setting for an
extended period of time

A

FIELD

RESEARCH

35
Q

TYPES OF FIELD RESEARCH

A
ETHNOGRAPHY
PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION
KEY INFORMAT
FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
INFORMAL INTERVIEW
(SEMI-STRUCTURED OR
UNSTRUCTURED)
36
Q

Detailed and general description of a certain locality culled from
researcher’s observation of a community

A

ETHNOGRAPHY

37
Q

Data obtained by researcher through active participation and
observation with the aim of gaining a close and intimate familiarity
with a community or a group of people

A

PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

38
Q

Interview with individuals who have direct knowledge on the topic at
hand

A

KEY INFORMAT

39
Q

Data gathered through interview with a particular group of people
while asking their insights on a certain topic

A

FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION

40
Q

Interviewing people without following any strict set of questions

A

INFORMAL INTERVIEW
(SEMI-STRUCTURED OR
UNSTRUCTURED)

41
Q

Qualitative research in which the
researcher examines data on events
and conditions in the historical past
and/or in different societies

A

HISTORICAL-COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

NEUMAN, 2011

42
Q

Collecting data in the form of numbers

A

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

NEUMAN, 2011

43
Q

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH TECHNIQUES

NEUMAN, 2011

A

EXPERIMENTAL
RESEARCH

SURVEYS

NON-
REACTIVE

44
Q

Research in which the researcher manipulates
conditions for some research participants but
not others and then compares group responses
to see whether doing so made a difference

A

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

45
Q

Quantitative research in which the
researcher systematically asks a large
number of people the same questions
and then records their answers

A

SURVEY RESEARCH

46
Q

Research methods in which people are not aware of being

studied

A

NON-REACTIVE RESEARCH

NEUMAN, 2011

47
Q

research on which the content of a

communication medium is systematically recorded and analysed

A

Content Analysis –

48
Q

Research in which one re-examines
and statistically analyses quantitative data that have been
gathered by government agencies or organizations

A

Existing Statistics Research

49
Q

Collection of ideas, rules, techniques, and
approaches used by the scientific community
Grows out of a consensus formed by a
community known as the “scientific community”

A

THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

NEUMAN, 2011

50
Q

Scientific orientation or attitude as “way how people

have of looking the world” (citing Grinnell, 1987)

A

SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE

51
Q

Scientific orientation includes (citing Yankelovich, 2003):

A

Being precise and logical
Adopt a long-term view
Be flexible and open-ended
Willing to share information widely

52
Q

NORMS OF THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY

A
UNIVERSALISM
ORGANIZED SKEPTICISM
DISINTERESTEDNESS
COMMUNALISM
HONESTY
53
Q

Research is judged only on the basis of scientific merit

A

UNIVERSALISM

54
Q

Challenge and question all evidence and subject
each study to intense scrutiny
• Methods used in research can stand up to close,
careful examination

A

ORGANIZED SKEPTICISM

55
Q

Neutral, impartial, receptive, and open to unexpected

observations and new ideas

A

DISINTERESTEDNESS

56
Q

Scientific knowledge must be shared with others; it

belongs to everyone

A

COMMUNALISM

57
Q

Honesty in all research

A

HONESTY

58
Q

ETHICS IN SOCIAL RESEARCH

NEUMAN, 2011

A

Scientific misconduct –

59
Q

action of someone who engages in
research fraud, plagiarism, or other unethical conduct that
significantly deviates from the accepted practices for
conducting and reporting research established by the
scientific community
Balancing the value of advancing knowledge against the
value of non-interference in the lives of other people;
Prevention of inflicting physical, psychological and legal
harm to the respondents

A

Scientific misconduct –