LTM and brain structures

Question 1

two types of long term memory

Answer 1

implicit and explicit

Question 2

explicit memories

Answer 2

a type of long term memory that can conciously/ volunatrily retrieved and brought into concious awareness, they can be declared or stated to someone else

Question 3

explicit memory aka

Answer 3

declarative memory

Question 4

types of explicit memory

Answer 4

semantic memory and episodic memory

Question 5

semantic memory

Answer 5

consists if general knowledge or facts, they are declaritive in that they can be verbally explained to others

Question 6

episodic memory

Answer 6

consists of personal experiences or events, memories are unique to each individual and their own personal experiences

Question 7

how are explicit memories recalled holistically

Answer 7

remeber many different aspects of the situation such as the day, time, place and other people that were there

Question 8

examples of semantic memory

Answer 8

there are seven continents, dogs bark, 3x3=9

Question 9

examples of episodic memories

Answer 9

getting your drivers licence, what you ate for dinner last night

Question 10

implicit memory

Answer 10

type of long term memory that is unconciously/involuntarily retrieved, the memory is how to do something and is retrieved without concious effort

Question 11

two types of implicit memories

Answer 11

procedural memory and classically conditioned memory

Question 12

procedural memory

Answer 12

involves knowing how to carry out tasks that are facilitated by motor skills

Question 13

classically conditioned memory

Answer 13

involves an involuntary response, such as fear, to a stimulus which has repeadtly been associated with an emotionally-arousing stimulus. this response is usually emotionally charged involving strong feelings, or an involuntary habit

Question 14

examples of classically conditioned memory

Answer 14

biting nails in a nerve racking situation (involuntary habit)

Question 15

examples of procedural memories

Answer 15

how to tie your showlaces, kick a ball

Question 16

what is the relationship between brain structures and memory

Answer 16

memory is not a single process that occurs in one region of the brain, it requires the interaction between various brain structures

Question 17

what are the brain stuctures involved in long term memory

Answer 17

hippocampus, amygdala, basal ganglia, neocortex and the cerebellum

Question 18

location of the hippocampus

Answer 18

located in the temporal lobe, with one in each hemisphere deep within the brain

Question 19

hippocampus role in LTM

Answer 19

formation, consolidation and encoding or explicit (semantic and episodic) memories

Question 20

what causes damage to the hippocampus unintentionally

Answer 20

stress, anxiety, depression, PTSD, brain trauma, disease (e.g alzeimers or herpes virus) can shrink it

Question 21

why is the amygdala untentionally damaged or removed

Answer 21

as treatment for epilepdy

Question 22

what is the affect of damage to the hippocampus

Answer 22

individuals will experience difficulty forming new long term explicit memories

Question 23

location of amygdala

Answer 23

small ball located just above/on the end of the hippocampus in the temporal lobe

Question 24

role of the amygdala

Answer 24

described as the fear centre, responsible for encoding and strengthening the emotional components of classically conditioned and explicit memories, contributes to these memories being encoded in greater detail

Question 25

structure/location of neocortex

Answer 25

consists of six layers and is part of the cerebral cortex, it covers most of the brains surface and consists of 4 lobes, with memories being stored in particular locations depedning of the type of memory and where it was processed, frontal and temporal lobes are the ones mainly involved in the storage of explicit memories

Question 26

role of the neocortex in LTM

Answer 26

once episodic and semantic (explicit) memories are converted into a useable form by the hippocampus, the neocortex stores these memories

Question 27

what is the effect of LTM being stored in various locations within the neocortex

Answer 27

neural connections are able to be formed between different memories, these links attach measning to mnemories and enhance understanding of how concepts/memories interrelate

Question 28

what is the interaction between the amygdala and hippocampus

Answer 28

the amygdala signals to the hippocampus to strengthen the encoding of explicit memories that have implicit emotional components

Question 29

basal ganglia location

Answer 29

middle of the brain, connection with cerebellum

Question 30

basal ganglia function/role

Answer 30

encoding and storing procedural memories and classically conditioned memories that are associated with unconcious habits, behaviours or procedures

Question 31

cerebellum location

Answer 31

base of the brain

Question 32

cerebellum function/role

Answer 32

encodes and stores implicit procedural memories, storage of these due to the cerbellum being involved in the processes of motor control, coordination and balance

Question 33

semantic memory is encoded by

Answer 33

amygdala (emotional components) and hippocampus

Question 34

episodic memory is encoded by

Answer 34

amygdala (emotional components) and hippocampus

Question 35

classically conditioned memory is encoded by

Answer 35

amygdala (emotional components) and the hippocampus

Question 36

procedural memories are encoded by

Answer 36

cerebellum and basal ganglia

Question 37

semantic memory is stored by the

Answer 37

neocortex

Question 38

episodic memory is stored by the

Answer 38

neocortex

Question 39

classically conditioned memory is stored by the

Answer 39

basal ganglia

Question 40

procedural memories are stored by the

Answer 40

cerebellum