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LU1 Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What does Information Technology (IT) consist of?

A

All the hardware and software that a
firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives.

Includes:

  • Computer machines storage devices and handheld mobile devices
  • Software
  • Many other computer programs
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2
Q

What is an Information System?

A

A set of interrelated
components that collect (or retrieve), process, store, and distribute information to
support decision making and control in an organisation.

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3
Q

What is information?

A

Data that has been shaped into a form that is

meaningful and useful to human beings.

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4
Q

What is data?

A

Streams of raw facts representing events occurring in
organisations or the physical environment before they have been organised and
arranged into a form that people can understand and use.

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5
Q

Distinguish an operations system:

A

A. Input: collects raw data from within the organisation or external environment
B. Processing: converts the raw input into a meaningful form
C. Output: transfers the processed information to the people who will use it for
other activities

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6
Q

What is feedback?

A

Output that is returned to appropriate members of the organisation to help evaluate or correct the input stage.

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7
Q

Examples of raw input:

A

Order data of tickets (name, address, credit card no.), ticket price.

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8
Q

Examples of output:

A

Tickets to print out, receipts and reports on online ticket orders.

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9
Q

XXX and XXX are the technical foundation, the

tools and materials, of modern information systems.

A

XCOMPUTERSX and XRELATED SOFTWARE PROGRAMSX are the technical foundation, the
tools and materials, of modern information systems.

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10
Q

Computer literacy focuses on:

A

Knowledge of information thechnology.

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11
Q

Management Information Systems (MIS)

A

MIS deals with behavioural issues as well as technical
issues surrounding the development, use, and impact of information systems used
by managers and employees in the firm.

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12
Q

What are the three dimensions of information systems:

A
  • Organisations
  • Management
  • Information Technology
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13
Q

Traits of the organisations dimension:

A

Key elements: people, structure, business processes, politics and culture.

Clear-cut division of labour = structure of organisations

Authority & responsibility = organised as a hierarchy or a pyramid

Upper levels = managerial, professional and technical employees.

Lower level = operational personnel

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14
Q

What does senior management do?

A

It makes long-term strategic decisions about the products and services as well as ensuring financial performance of the firm.

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15
Q

What does middle management do?

A

It carries out the programs and plans of senior management.

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16
Q

What does operational management do?

A

It is responsible for monitoring the daily activities of the business.

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17
Q

What are knowledge workers?

A

Engineers, scientists, architects. They design products or services and create new knowledge for the firm.

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18
Q

What are data workers?

A

Secretaries or clerks. They assist with scheduling and communications at all levels of the firm.

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19
Q

What do production or service workers do?

A

They produce the product and deliver the service.

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20
Q

What are business functions?

Study These Flashcards
A

AKA specialised tasks, performed by business organisations. They consist of sales and marketing, manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, and human resources.

21
Q

What is (company) culture?

Study These Flashcards
A

A fundamental set of assumptions, values, and way of doing things, that have been accepted by its members.

22
Q

XXX makes sense out of many situations faced by organisations, make decisions, and
formulate action plans to solve organisational problems .
XXX responsibility is creative work driven by new knowledge and
information.

Study These Flashcards
A

XMANAGEMENTX makes sense out of many situations faced by organisations, make decisions, and
formulate action plans to solve organisational problems .
XMANAGEMENTX responsibility is creative work driven by new knowledge and
information.

23
Q

XXX is the physical equipment used for input, processing, and
output activities in an information system.

Study These Flashcards
A

XCOMPUTER HARDWAREX is the physical equipment used for input, processing, and
output activities in an information system.

24
Q

Computer hardware consists of:

Study These Flashcards
A

A. Computers of various sizes and shapes (including mobile handheld devices)

B. Various input, output, and storage devices

C. Telecommunication devices that link computers together

25
Computer software consists of:
Detailed, pre-programmed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system.
26
Data management technology consists of:
The software governing the | organisation of data on physical storage media.
27
XXX XXX XXX XXX, consisting of both physical devices and software, links the various pieces of hardware and transfers data from one physical location to another. - Computers and communications equipment can be connected in networks for sharing video, data, images.
XNETWORKING AND TELECOMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGYX, consisting of both physical devices and software, links the various pieces of hardware and transfers data from one physical location to another. - Computers and communication equipment can be connected in networks for sharing video, data, images.
28
What is Internet?
A global "network of networks" using universal standards to connect millions of networks around the world. (Internet = Network)
29
Intranets are:
Internal corporate networks based on Internet technology.
30
Extranets are:
Private intranets extended to authorised users outside the organisation.
31
What is the World Wide Web (www)?
A service provided by the Internet that uses universally accepted standards for storing, retrieving, formatting, and displaying information in a page format on the Internet.
32
What is Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure?
All the technologies and people required to run them are resources that can be shared in the organisation; it is a foundation or platform.
33
XXX XXX investments alone cannot make organisations and managers more effective unless they are accompanied by XXX XXX, XXX, XXX XXX in the organisation and other complementary assets.
XINFORMATION TECHNOLOGYX investments alone cannot make organisations and managers more effective unless they are accompanied by X SUPPORTIVE VALUESX, XSTRUCTURESX, XBEHAVIOUR PATTERNSX in the organisation and other complementary assets.
34
What are complementary assets?
Those assets required to derive value from a primary | investment.
35
What is organisational and management capital?
Investments (new business processes, training, culture, management behaviour) in organisation and management
36
Key organisational complementary investments are:
Supportive business culture valuing efficiency and effectiveness, business model, efficient business processes, decentralisation of authority highly distribute decision right and strong information system development team
37
Between 30% and 40% of all software projects are XXX XXX that far exceed the original schedule and budget and fail to perform.
Between 30% and 40% of all software projects are XRUNWAYX XPROJECTSX that far exceed the original schedule and budget and fail to perform.
38
Consequences of a system development project without proper management:
A. Costs that vastly exceed the budgets B. Unexpected time slippage (failure to meet a standard or deadline) C. Technical performance is less than expected D. Failure to obtain anticipated benefits
39
What is a project?
A planned series of related activities for achieving a specific business objective.
40
Information system projects include:
A. Development of new information systems B. Enhancement of existing systems C. Upgrade or replacement of the firm’s information technology infrastructure
41
What is project management?
Application of knowledge, skills, tools and | techniques to achieve specific targets within specified budget and time constraints.
42
Activities of project management:
A. Planning the work B. Assessing risks C. Estimating resources required to accomplish work D. Organising the work E. Acquiring human and material resources F. Assigning tasks G. Directing activities H. Controlling project execution I. Reporting progresses J. Analysing the results
43
With which 5 major variables must project management deal with for information systems?
Scope, time, cost, quality, and risk.
44
What is scope?
The work which is or which is not included in a project. Project management defines all the work required to complete a project successfully and should ensure that the scope of a project does not expand beyond what was originally intended.
45
What is time?
The amount of time required to complete the project. (components of a project can be activities and tasks) Project management tries to determine the time required to complete each task and establish a schedule for completing the work.
46
What is cost?
It's based on the time to complete a project multiplied by the cost of human resources required to complete the project. Project management develops a budget for the project and monitors ongoing project expenses.
47
What is quality?
An indicator of how well the end result of a project satisfies the objectives specified by management. The quality of information systems projects usually boils down to improved organisational performance and decision making.
48
What is risk?
Potential problems that would threaten the success of a project.

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