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Musculoskeletal 2 > Lumbar Spine > Flashcards

Lumbar Spine Flashcards

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1
Q

Vertebral bodies

A

large, kidney shaped

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2
Q

Pedicles

A

Connect vertebral bodies with facet joints

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3
Q

Lamina

A

Absorbs forces from the spinous and articular processes

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4
Q

Pars Interarticularis

A

connects lamina and pedicle

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5
Q

Spinous and transverse processes

A

Serve as attachment sites for muscles

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6
Q

What is the number 1 diagnosis for PTs and Physicians to see?

A

Low back pain

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7
Q

Are PTs the #1 choice for treating low back pain?

A

no

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8
Q

The spinous and transverse processes are __________ in the lumbar spine

A

larger

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9
Q

What are the two parts of the intervertebral disc?

A

Annulus Fibrosis and Nucleus pulposus

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10
Q

The annulus fibrosis _______________ the nucleus pulposus

A

surrounds

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11
Q

What is the annulus pulposus is made up of?

A

10-20 concentric rings of Type 1 collagen bound together with proteoglycan gel

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12
Q

As we age, we lose layers of the annulus fibrosis, but what happens to the remaining layers?

A

they thicken

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13
Q

The layers of the annulus fibrosis alternate fiber orientation direction to resist what kinds of forces?

A

torsional

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14
Q

The annulus fibrosis is thinner ________________ and predisposed to injury.

A

posteriorly

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15
Q

The nucleus pulposus is mostly ___________ filled.

A

water

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15
Q

What percent of the nucleus pulposus is water at birth?

A

80

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16
Q

What percent of the nucleus pulposus is water in the elderly?

A

68

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17
Q

The nucleus pulposus is __________ the annulus fibrosis

A

encased within

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18
Q

What is the nucleus pulposus is made up of?

A

Type 2 Collagen

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19
Q

Where is the vertebral end plate located?

A

Where the vertebral body meets the vertebral disc

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20
Q

What is the vertebral end plate made of?

A

Hyaline and fibrocartilage

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21
Q

What is the vertebral end plate more firmly attached to: the disc or the vertebral body?

A

the vertebral disc

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22
Q

Nutrients pass through the ___________ portion of the endplate into the discs

A

center

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23
Q

The vertebral end plates become _____________ with normal aging, and the nutrition to the disc gets disrupted

A

thinner

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24
Facet joints protects motion segment from what 3 things?
anterior shear forces, excessive rotation, and flexion forces
25
Facet joints are mostly oriented in what plane?
coronal
26
Facet joints are what shapes?
C and L
27
The Anterior Longitudinal ligament (ALL) runs from the __________ to ___________ on the ____________ surface of the vertebral bodies
Sacrum to occiput; anterior
28
The anterior longitudinal ligament prevents _________________ of the lumbar spine and ________________ of the vertebral segment
excessive extension; anterior translation
29
The anterior longitudinal ligament connects loosely to _______________ by ____________ tissue
intervertebral disc; loose areolar
30
The posterior longitudinal ligament runs from the ________________ to ____________ on the ___________ surface of the vertebral bodies
sacrum; C2; posterior
31
The posterior longitudinal ligament helps prevent ____________________.
Intervertebral disc protrusion (posteriorly) and hyperflexion of the lumbar spine
32
The posterior longitudinal ligament connects to __________________
intervertebral discs
33
Ligamentum Flavum is comprised of 80% ________________ and 20% ___________________
Elastin; collagen
34
Ligamentum flavum connects 2 consecutive _________________
Laminae
35
Ligamentum Flavum forms the _______________________ of the facet joint
anterior capsule
36
Ligamentum Flavum is stretched during __________________ and returns to normal length during ____________________
lumbar flexion; neutral and extension
37
Ligamentum Flavum helps resist __________________ and connects to the intervertebral disc
separation of the lamina during lumbar flexion
38
The interspinous ligament lies deep between 2 adjacent ____________________ and fills the gap between them
spinous processes
39
The interspinous ligament resists ______________
separation of spinous processes during lumbar flexion
40
Supraspinous Ligament
Broad, thick, cordlike ligament that attaches tips of spinous processes
41
What is the most superficial spinal ligament?
Supraspinous ligament
42
Which ligament is furthest from the axis of flexion?
supraspinous ligament
43
The supraspinous ligament is more susceptible to ______________
sprains
44
The supraspinous ligament may help prevent excessive ____________________
lumbar flexion
45
The Iliolumbar ligament travels from the ________________ to ____________________
Transverse process of L5 to Posterior inner lip of the iliac crest
46
The iliolumbar ligament is made up of the ______________ and ____________ bands
anterior and posterior
47
The iliolumbar ligament restrains _________________
flexion, extension, rotation, and SB of L5 on S1
48
What are the attachment sites of quadratus lumborum?
12th rib, transverse processes of L1-L4, iliolumbar ligament, and iliac crest
49
What is the action of quadratus lumborum?
Stabilizes the 12th rib during inspiration and controls contralateral lumbar SB
50
Innervation of Quadratus Lumborum
Ventral Rami of T12 - L2
51
What muscle is the largest of the intrinsic back muscles?
Multifidus
52
Action of Multifidus
Intrinsic spinal stabilizer during all movements
53
What are the 3 muscles that make up Erector Spinae?
Longissimus, Spinalis, and iliocostalis
54
What is the action of Erector Spinae?
Extends the spine
55
Innervation of Erector Spinae
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves
56
With LBP, the multifidi become ______________, and the erector spinae become _______________ and compensate to provide _____________
inhibited; overactive; spinal stability
57
What is the origin of Rectus Abdominis?
Ends of Ribs 5-7 and Xiphoid
58
What is the insertion of Rectus Abdominis?
Superior aspect of the pubic bone
59
What is the action of Rectus Abdominis?
Flexes the trunk and stabilizes the lumbar spine anteriorly in the sagittal plane
60
What is the innervation of Rectus Abdominis?
Thoraco-abdominal nerves
61
Which muscle is the deepest of the abdominal muscles?
Transverse abdominis
62
Transverse abdominis wraps around the trunk from ____________ to _________________
anterior to posterior
63
Action of Transverse Abdominis
Segmental, local spinal stabilization through a variety of movements
64
Origin of Transverse Abdominis
Lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, costal cartilages of ribs 7-12
65
Insertion of Transverse Abdominis
Linea Alba, Aponeurosis of internal oblique muscle, pubic crest, pectineal line of pubis
66
Innervation of Transverse Abdominis
Lower 5 intercostal nerves and subcostal nerve
67
What two muscles does internal oblique sit between?
transverse abdominis and external oblique
68
Action of Internal Oblique
Side-bending of trunk (unilateral contraction), Flexion of trunk (bilateral contraction, helps maintain intra-abdominal pressure
69
Origin of Internal Oblique
Lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia
70
Insertion of Internal Oblique
Ribs 9-12, abdominal aponeurosis of Linea alba, pubic crest
71
Innervation of Internal Oblique
Ventral Rami of Intercostal Nerves (T7-T11), Ilioinguinal Nerve (L1)
72
External oblique is ________________ to internal oblique and transverse abdominis
Superficial
73
Action of External Oblique
Side-bending of trunk (unilateral contraction), Flexion of trunk and posterior pelvic tilt (bilateral contraction), helps maintain intraabdominal pressure
74
Origin of External Oblique
Lateral aspect of 5th-12 ribs
75
Insertion of External Oblique
Linea alba, pubic tubercle, ASIS, inguinal ligament
76
Innervation of External Oblique
Ventral branches of lower 6 thoracoabdominal nerves, subcostal nerve
77
Psoas major combines with _______________ muscle to attach lumbar spine to _____________________
iliacus; lesser trochanter of femur
78
Action of Psoas Major
Flexes trunk when femur fixed, flexes hip when trunk fixed, SB the spine ipsilaterally, eccentric control when striding
79
Origin of Psoas Major
Anterolateral aspects of vertebral bodies, intervertebral discs of T12-L5, Transverse processes of L1-L5
80
Insertion of Psoas Major
Lesser Trochanter of Femur
81
Innervation of Psoas Major
Ventral rami of L1 & L2

Musculoskeletal 2 (4 decks)

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