Lung Cancer Flashcards
What cancer causes the most deaths in the UK in both genders?
Lung cancer
Risk factors of lung cancer
Smoking
Asbestos exposure
Radon exposure
Genetic factors
Dietary factors
Occupational carcinogens
Types of lung cancers
Non small cell lung cancers
Small cell lung cancers
What are small cell lung cancers characterised by?
Rapid growth
Tendency to metastasise
Poor survival rates
Staging of lung cancer
TNM staging
Symptoms of patient with lung cancer
Cough
Dyspnoea
Haemoptysis
Recurrent lung infections
Wheeze
Weight loss
Hoare voice
Malaise
Chest/shoulder pain
Signs of patient with lung cancer
- finger clubbing
- cachexia
- horners syndrome
- consolidation
- muffled heart sounds
- hepatomegaly
- skin metastases
- pale conjunctiva
- cervical lymphadenopathy
What is cachexia?
Weakness + wasting of body
Due to chronic illness
What is Horner’s syndrome?
Triad of:
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Partial ptosis
What type of tumour is Horner’s syndrome associated with?
Pancoast tumours
At very top of lungs
Compress sympathetic nerve pathways in neck
Prognosis of lung cancer
- generally poor
- usually already metastasised by the time symptoms arise
What is mesothelioma?
Cancer of the pleura
Imaging for lung cancer
CXR
Staging chest CT
May need other specific locations for spread
Types of non small cell carcinomas
Squamous cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
List 5 molecular markers of lung cancer
EGFR
ALK
RAS
PD1
PDL1