Lung Function

Question 1

Define tidal volume (Vt)

Answer 1

The amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath

Question 2

Define expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Answer 2

The volume of air that can be voluntarily expelled after completing a normal, quiet respiratory cycle

Question 3

Define inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Answer 3

The volume of air that can be inhaled above the Tidal volume

Question 4

Define vital capacity (VC)

Answer 4

Tidal volume plus expiratory and inspiratory reserve volumes

Question 5

Define residual volume (RV)

Answer 5

Air left in lungs after maximum exhalation

Question 6

Define total lung capacity (TLC)

Answer 6

Total volume of the lungs = vital capacity + residual volume

Question 7

What is the normal values for tidal volume?

Answer 7

500 mls for males

500 mls for females

Question 8

What is the normal values for expiratory reserve volume?

Answer 8

1000 mls for males

700 mls for females

Question 9

What is the normal values for inspiratory reserve volume?

Answer 9

3300 mls for males

700 mls for females

Question 10

What is the normal values for residual volume?

Answer 10

1200/6000 ml for males

1100/4200 ml for females

Question 11

What is the normal values for vital capacity?

Answer 11

4800 mls for males

3100 mls for females

Question 12

What is the equation for vital capacity?

Answer 12

Tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume + expiratory reserve volume

Question 13

What is the normal values for total lung capacity?

Answer 13

6L for Males

4.5 L for females

Question 14

What is the equation for total lung capacity?

Answer 14

Vital capacity + residual volume

Question 15

What is respiration rate?

Answer 15

The number of breaths per minute

Question 16

What is the normal values for respiration rate?

Answer 16

12 to 18 in a normal resting adult

Question 17

What is eupnea?

Answer 17

Quiet breathing

Question 18

What is used in eupnea?

Answer 18

The diaphragm and external and internal intercostal muscles

Question 19

What is hypernea?

Answer 19

Forced breathing

Question 20

What is used in hypernea?

Answer 20

Accessory muscles are used

Question 21

What is minute ventilation?

Answer 21

The volume of air brought into the lungs every minute

Question 22

What is the normal values for minute ventilation?

Answer 22

6L for a 70 kg male

Question 23

What is the equation for minute ventilation?

Answer 23

Tidal volume x respiration rate

Question 24

What does ones tidal volume depend on?

Answer 24

It depends on their height

Question 25

What can peak expiratory flow rate be used for?

Answer 25

For the monitoring and progression of asthma

Question 26

What is peak flow rate?

Answer 26

The maximum speed of expiration, as measured with a peak flow meter

Question 27

What is PEFR?

Answer 27

Peak expiratory flow rate

Question 28

List some obstructive disorders.

Answer 28

Asthma Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease = chronic bronchitis or emphysema or both together Cystic fibrosis Lung cancer/tumours

Question 29

What are PFTs?

Answer 29

Pulmonary function tests

Question 30

What are pulmonary function tests used for?

Answer 30

They are used to diagnose and monitor pulmonary diseases

Question 31

What is FVC?

Answer 31

Forced vital capacity

Question 32

What if FEV1?

Answer 32

Forced Expiratory Volume after 1second

Question 33

What three things indicate obstructive disorders?

Answer 33

Normal or slightly low Forced vital capacity Low Forced Expiratory Volume after 1 second Low ratio, E.g. 40-50%

Question 34

List some restrictive disorders. | 5

Answer 34

Pulmonary fibrosis Damage to rib cage Skeletal disorder e.g. scoliosis Muscular disorder e.g. muscular dystrophy Pulmonary edema

Question 35

What three things indicate restrictive disorders?

Answer 35

Very low FVC Low FEV1 High or normal ratio e.g 90% (as both are low so ratio can be high)

Question 36

How do you find the FEV1/FVC ratio?

Answer 36

Put FEV1 over FVC

Question 37

How do you find FVC from a graph?

Answer 37

Find the point where the graph plateaus and then go across to the y axis to find your answer in Litres

Question 38

How do you find FEV1 from a graph?

Answer 38

Go to one second on the x axis and go up to your graph, then go across to the y axis to find your answer in Litres