Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Resp > Lung issues/diseases > Flashcards

Lung issues/diseases Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the name for a runny nose?

A

Rhinorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do you treat rhinitis?

A

Glucocorticoids (steroids) eg beclometasone, H1 receptor agonist eg Ioratidine (stop mast cells making histamine), LT1 receptor antagonist - Monteleukast, vasoconstrictors, sodium cromoglicate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some names given to the common cold

A

Coryza, adenovirus, rhinovirus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Whats the name for a sore throat

A

Pharyngitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the defining characteristic of diptheria

A

A pseudomembrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some non lung related reasons for a restriction in breathing?

A

Obesity, kyphoscoliosis, muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are interstitial lung diseases?

A

Lung diseases which effect the intersititium (tissue space in the alveoli) - potential fibrosis leading to reduced gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How would you diagnose an ILD?

A

History - occ, drugs, pets.
Reduced REV1 and FVC (normal ratio >75%)
Reduced gas diffusion (due to thickening of walls)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does ILD lead to reduced gas diffusion?

A

Thickening on the walls/intersitium leads to less oxygen coming into the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are symptoms of acute bronchitis?

A

Productive cough, fever + wheeze, normal CXR + exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is bronchitis?

A

inflammation of the large bronchi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens in an acute exacerbation of COPD?

A

Upper airway infection, increased sputum production, purulence, wheeze breathlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of bacteria causes TB?

A

Mycobacteria (M tb is main pathogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the symptoms of TB?

A

Persistent cough, hameoptysis, pain, crackles, night sweats…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why can TB reactivate?

A

Decreased T cell function, reinfection with more virulent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What investigations are there for TB?

A

Ziehl Neilsen stain + CXR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for TB?

A

2RIPE, 4RI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does ripe stand for?

A

Rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What do carriers of TB get? `

A

6I or 3RI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pneumonia is what?

A

Inflammation due to infection (usually)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the symptoms of pneumonia?

A

Malaise, anorexa, sweats, shakes, aches etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What score do you use to rank a pneumonia?

24
Q

What are the parameters for CURB 65?

Study These Flashcards
A 
C - confusion
U - urea > 7
R  resp > 30
B - BP <90s, <61d
65 and up
25
What organisms cause pneumonia?
``` Strep pneumonia (most often) Fever, pleurisy, herpes labialis. ``` Haem influenza (5%) - in COPD patients Staph aureus (4%) following the flu.
26
What type of bacterial pneumonia do alcoholics get?
Kleibs
27
What type of bacterial pneumonia is found in spain water tanks/stagnant water?
Legionella
28
What is a lobar pneumonia?
Consolidation of a whole lung lobe
29
Whats brocho pneumonia?
Infection in the bronchi/bronchioles
30
What is bronchiolitis?
inflammation of bronchioles - cough, wheeze etc.. leads to grunting and resp distress
31
What causes bronchiolitis?
RSV or metapneumovirus
32
What are some forms of chronic pulmonary infection
Intrapulmonary abscess, empyema, bronchietasis
33
What is an intrapulmonary abscess?
a pus filled cavity in the lungs
34
What is empyema
Emp - P for pus in pleural space - CT looks like a banana Acts like slow to resolve pneumonia
35
What bacteria cause empyema?
Usually aerobic. +ve - strep milleri, staph aureus -ve - ecoli, haem influ, kleibs
36
What is bronchiectasis
irreversible dilation of bronchial tree. idiopathic but - can be caused by CF.
37
Why is bronchiectasis bad?
Impaired sputum clearance leads to airflow obstruction
38
What is cystic fibrosis?
autosomal recessive - 1/25 Lose inhibition of Na channels - cells fill with NA and hence leads to dry airways as water sucked in to compensate
39
What gene is responsible for CF?
Gene on chromosome 7. Commonly cause of del508 or G551D
40
How can you help treat CF?
Ivacaftor
41
What is sarcoidosis?
Type 4 hypersensitivty - can effect everything charactrised by non caseating granulomas
42
How would you treat sarcoid?
Steroids and possibly immunosupression
43
What is Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis?
Type 3 + 4 hypersen Farmers lung, malt workers, mushroom workers, bird fanciers, etc..
44
What can hypersensitivity pneumonitis lead to?
leads to pulmonary fibrosis over time.
45
How would you treat hypersensitivity pneumonitis?
Remove antigen, steroids.
46
What is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
Scarring of the lungs, unknown cause. progressive breathlessness. Honeycombing in lungs Treatment - antifibrotic drugs to slow progress. Lung transplant
47
What is pneumoconiosis?
Progressive fibrosis
48
What are the 3 types of intersitial lung diseases
Sarcoidosis, hypersensitivy pneumonitis, pneumonconiosis
49
What is silicosis?
type of pneumoconiosis due to exposure to quartz CXR shows egg shell calcification
50
What is asbestosis?
scarring of the lungs progressively Leads to mesothelioma - cancer of the mesothelium - death within 2 years.
51
Where do DVTs form commonly? and how do they present?
in the leg, swollen red leg, hot and tender Can do doppler ultrasound
52
What is a pulmonary embolism?
Blood clot that has moved from its place of origin to the lungs.
53
What can a PE cause?
Sudden death, haemoptysis, breathlessness, low BP, progressive dyspnoea, Right heart failure.. Resp alkolosis - breathe in a lot while one part only of lung isnt working..
54
What are risk factors of a PE
Thrombophilia, the pill, pregnancy, obesity, immobility and surgery.
55
What is the treatment for a PE?
Anticoagulation eg warfarin. If life threatening then thrombolyis + IVC filter
56
What pressure is defined as pulmonary hypertension
Normally- 12-22mm/Hg Hypertension = 25mmHg
57
Guillan Barre Syndrome | is what
Rapid muscle weakness, immune system damaging peripheral nervous system begins in feet and hands

Resp (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions