lung physiology Flashcards
(21 cards)
What structures in the lower respiratory system are respiratory zones
Respiratory bronchiole, alveolar ducts, alveoli within the alveolar sacs
Define respiration
Respiration is the exchange of gases between tissues
What structures make up the Conducting zone
Everything leading to the respiratory bronchioles
nasopharynx, larynx trachea, main bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi
What structures make up the conducting zones and what do they do?
Trachea, all bronchi, all bronchioles including the terminal bronchiole. Conducting zones are passageways for air to move into and out of the body. They cleanse, humidify, and warm the incoming air
What is the function of the nasal Conchae
The conchae, Sup., Middle, and Inf. conchae are part of the ethmoid bone and they create turbulence of the air we breathe in and trap the unwanted debris in the mucus
What epithelium line the respiratory system
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar
What is the function of the pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
Traps debris with mucus from goblet cells and cleanses our air we breathe
Where is PCCE located in the respiratory zone
Nasal cavity, naso pharynx, inferior to the glottis within the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles
Which cartilaginous structure in the larynx has a prominence called the Adam’s apple
Thyroid cartilage
What cartilaginous structure of the larynx is involved with moving the vocal folds
The Arytenoids
What type of epithelium has as its general function diffusion
Simple Squamous
What structure prevents food from entering the respiratory system when we swallow, and what type of tissue is this made from
Epiglottis and it contains elastic cartilage
What lung has 2 lobes and which one has three
The right lung has 3 lobes due to the heart taking space from the left lung which has two lobes
Trace the flow of oxygen moving through the respiratory system as we inhale, beginning with the external nares:
Ext. nares > nasal cavity > pharynx > larynx > trachea > primary bronchus > secondary bronchus > tertiary bronchus > bronchioles > terminal bronchiole > respiratory bronchiole > alveolar ducts > alveolar sacs containing alveoli > respiratory membrane > lumen of capillary of the tissue
What three parts make up the respiratory membrane
alveolar epithelium > fused basement membrane > capillary endothelium
Do we have relatively more hyaline cartilage in superior or inferior structures of the respiratory tree
There is more hyaline cartilage in superior structures of the respiratory tree to allow larger bronchiole tubes to stay open when we exhale
Do we have relatively more smooth muscle in superior or inferior structures of the respiratory tree
More smooth muscle in inferior structures of the resp. tree. Bronchioles have more smooth muscle to contract and expel debris from our lungs, coughing or sneezing
What 3 pleural membranes line the lungs, ribs
Visceral layer lines the lungs , Parietal layer lines the ribs, Pleural cavity is in the middle of the two layers
What muscles aid in inhalation
External intercostals aid in inhalation
What muscles aid in exhalation
Internal intercostals aid in exhalation
What nerve innervates the diaphragm
The phrenic nerve
