Lung Stuff Flashcards
Positive pressure ventilation improves gas exchange but poses the risk of
pneumothorax
Acute pancreatitis causes respiratory failure likely due to ___
acute respiratory distress syndrome
Mechanical ventilation administered Tidal Volumes should be about __ mL/kg of pt’s ideal body weight
6
Increasing the ____ in mechanical ventilation increases ventilation and will worsen any current respiratory alkalosis
tidal volume/respiratory rate
Chest physiotherapy is utilized in patients with __ or ___ to loosen and promote expectoration of secretions.
pneumonia or atelectasis
*Bronchiectasis require long-term chest physiotherapy.
In Mechanical Ventilation
PaO2 is influenced mainly by __ & __
FiO2 & PEEP
In Mechanical Ventilation
PaCO2 is determined mainly by __ & __
respiratory rate
tidal volume
In ARDS with mechanical ventilation
a certain degree of PEEP (usually ≥ __cm H2O) is needed to recruit collapsed alveoli
10
In ARDS with mechanical ventilation
As FiO2 is lowered, a compensatory increase in __may be required
PEEP
In ARDS with mechanical ventilation
____ prevents alveolar over-distension of lungs to inhibit further lung injury and improve mortality in ARDS.
Lower tidal volumes
In ARDS with mechanical ventilation
A mild ___ is acceptable to enable low tidal volumes
hypercapnic respiratory acidosis
“permissive hypercapnia”
In ARDS with mechanical ventilation
The goal PaO2 is ___ mm Hg, corresponding to an oxygen saturation of ___%.
Immediately following intubation, a high FiO2 ( ≥ __%) is needed then is adjusted as ABG results return.
60-90
92%-96%
60% (0.6)
Correction of the hypercapnia (Respiratory Acidosis) requires increased ventilation, which can be accomplished via increased __ or __
respiratory rate
tidal volume
Acute respiratory distress syndrome involves acute pulmonary edema and is diagnosed by hypoxemia and _____ that are not explained by cardiac dysfunction or volume overload.
bilateral alveolar infiltrates
ARDS leads to pulmonary edema, decreased lung ___, and acute pulmonary ___.
compliance
hypertension
(increased A-a gradient)
A _____ decreases pulmonary edema risk and accelerates recovery from ARDS.
negative fluid balance
PEEP is calculated with the end-___ hold maneuver
expiratory
Right main-stem bronchus intubation
causing atelectasis of L lung & absent breath sounds can be distinguished from Pneumothorax by the ABSENCE of ____
Hypotension
__ & __ can lead to ARDS
Acute Pancreatitis
Sepsis
ARDS
PaO2/FiO2 =
(P:F)
(P:F) 300 or LESS
ARDS is pulmonary edema that is not ___ in etiology
cardiogenic
what setting recruits collapsed alveoli
PEEP
In ARDS to increase PaO2 what parameter is changed
increase PEEP
In ARDS how do we prevent lung injury on ventilation (what parameter is changed)
Keep low tidal volumes
(6 mL/kg of pt’s ideal body weight)
Careful not to drive RR up thus worsening ventilation
