Lung Tissue Disease

Question 1

Signs of Lung Tissue Disease

Answer 1

tachypnea (marked)
increased respiratory effort
grunting
crackles (rales) and decreased air movement
diminished breath sounds
tachycardia
hypoxemia (despite giving supplemental O2)

Question 2

Lung Tissue Diseases

Answer 2

pneumonia
pulmonary edema
trauma
infiltrative disease
toxins

Question 3

Triad of pneumonia

Answer 3

FEVER
COUGH
TACHYPNEA

Question 4

Most sensitive indicator of pneumonia

Answer 4

TACHYPNEA

Question 5

The most consistent clinical manifestation of pneumonia in children

Answer 5

TACHYPNEA

Question 6

Etiologies of Pneumonia

YOUNG INFANTS

Answer 6

0-28 days - GBS, E.coli, S. pneumoniae

3 wks - 3 mos - RSV, parainfluenza, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, S. pneumoniae

Question 7

Etiologies of Pneumonia

OLDER INFANTS and CHILDREN

Answer 7

4 mos - 5 yrs - viruses, S. pneumoniae, Hib, Mycoplasma

5-15 yrs - Mycoplasma, S. pneumoniae

Question 8

Clinical signs and symptoms that accurately diagnose pneumonia in 3 mos - 18 y/o

Answer 8

cough, fever + any of the ff
GRONT

Grunting
Retractions
O2 sat <95%
Nasal flaring
Tachypnea

Question 9

Strongly recommended as an initial diagnostic aid for patients classified as severe

Answer 9

Chest X Ray

Question 10

Empiric Treatment for NON SEVERE PCAP regardless of immunization status against S. pneumoniae and Hib

Answer 10

Amoxicillin for 7 days

Amoxicillin-Clavulanate or Cefuroxime for 7 days

Question 11

Empiric Treatment for SEVERE PCAP regardless of S. pneumoniae immunization status

Answer 11

Pen G (200 000 units/kg/day) OR
Ampicillin 

Cefuroxime OR
Ceftriaxone OR
Ampicillin-Sulbactam in settings w/ documented high-level penicillin resistant pneumococcal

ADD Clindamycin when Staphylococcal pneumonia is suspected

Vancomycin - severe or life threatening conditions (MRSA)

Question 12

Empiric Treatment for patients with KNOWN HYPERSENSITIVITY to penicillin

Non-Type I

Answer 12

Cefuroxime
OR
Ceftriaxone

Question 13

Empiric Treatment for patients with KNOWN HYPERSENSITIVITY to penicillin

Type I

Answer 13

Azithromycin
OR
Clarithromycin

Clindamycin

Question 14

Empiric Treatment for patients when ATYPICAL pathogen is suspected

Answer 14

Azithromycin
OR
Clarithromycin

Question 15

Empiric Treatment for patients with proven VIRAL etiology

Answer 15

Oseltamivir

Question 16

Other treatment for PCAP

Answer 16

Vitamin A - recommended

Bronchodilators - for wheezing

Question 17

fever, cough and tachypnea

poorly nourished
unvaccinated
w/ onset of rashes all over the body

Answer 17

Measles

Question 18

fever, cough and tachypnea

patient has CF, CGD, burn patient, neutropenic

Answer 18

Pseudomonas

Question 19

fever, cough and tachypnea

teen/YA
dormitory
non productive cough

Answer 19

Mycoplasma

Question 20

fever, cough and tachypnea

has his own aviarium

Answer 20

Psittacosis

Question 21

fever, cough and tachypnea

hx of eye discharge during the 1st 5-14 days of neonatal period

Answer 21

Chlamydia

Question 22

3 y/o
intermittent episodes of continuous coughing until the child turns purple followed by deep loud inspiration
sneezing, rhinorrhea

Answer 22

Pertussis

Azithromycin