Lung Tumors Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
Most common cancer in males in India
A
Bronchogenic carcinoma
2
Q
Bronchogenic carcinoma arises from
A
Respiratory Epithelial cells - can arise from Bronchi, Bronchioles or Alveoli
3
Q
Most common risk factor of Bronchogenic carcinoma
A
Smoking
4
Q
Risk factors of Bronchogenic carcinoma
A
Smoking
Exposure to industrial hazards
Air pollution
Genetic mutations
5
Q
Exposure to industrial hazards in case of Bronchogenic carcinoma includes
A
Ionising radiation
Uranium mining
As/Cr/Vinyl chloride
Asbestos
6
Q
Risk of which cancer if an individual in Asbestos exposure for 10-30 years
A
Bronchogenic carcinoma
7
Q
Risk of which cancer if individual in Asbestos exposure for 20-45 years
A
Mesothelioma
8
Q
Individuals with which polymorphism have high risk of lung cancer
A
CYP1A1 Polymorphism
9
Q
Genetic mutations seen in case of Bronchogenic carcinoma
A
P53
P16
Rb gene
K.Ras
EgFR
10
Q
Genetic mutations seen in case of Bronchogenic carcinoma
A
P53
P16
Rb gene
K.Ras
EgFR
11
Q
Genetic mutations responsible for squamous cell carcinoma of lung
A
P53 gene
P16 gene
Rb gene
12
Q
Genetic mutations responsible for adenocarcinoma of lung
A
K.Ras
EgFR
13
Q
Genetic mutations responsible for adenocarcinoma of lung
A
K.Ras
EgFR
14
Q
Precursor lesions of lung cancer in Squamous carcinoma
A
Basal cell hyperplasia - Squamous metaplasia - Squamous Dysplasia - Squamous carcinoma in situ - Squamous carcinoma
15
Q
Precursor lesions of lung Cancer in Adenocarcinoma
A
Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia - Adenocarcinoma insitu - Minimally invasive Adenocarcinoma - Invasive Adenocarcinoma
16
Q
Findings in case of Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
A
<5mm lesion
Presence of dysplastic pneumocytes
17
Q
Findings in case of Atypical adenomatous hyperplasia
A
<5mm lesion
Presence of dysplastic pneumocytes
18
Q
Findings in case of Adenocarcinoma in situ
A
Former called BAC
>5mm whereas <3cm lesion
No invasion
Dysplastic pneumocytes +
19
Q
Findings in case of Adenocarcinoma in situ
A
Former called BAC
>5mm whereas <3cm lesion
No invasion
Dysplastic pneumocytes +
20
Q
Findings in case of Minimally Invasive Adenocarcinoma
A
<3cm lesion
Invasive involvement <5mm - Mucinous or non mucinous
21
Q
Findings in case of Invasive Adenocarcinoma
A
<3cm lesion
Invasive involvement <5mm - Mucinous or non mucinous
22
Q
Findings in case of Invasive Adenomatous
A
Lesion of any size
Invasive involvement >5mm
23
Q
Classification of Malignant epithelial lung tumors according to WHO(2015)
A
Squamous cell cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Neuroendocrine carcinoma
Mixed carcinoma
Others - Sarcomatoid, Giant cell and Spindle cell carcinoma
24
Q
Types of Squamous cell carcinoma (Lung cancer)
A
Keratinizing
Non-keratinizing
Basaloid - >50% basal appearance
25
Types of Squamous cell carcinoma (Lung cancer)
Keratinizing
Non-keratinizing
Basaloid - >50% basal appearance
26
Types of adenocarcinoma of lung
Lepidic
Acinar
Papillary
Solid
27
Types of adenocarcinoma of lung
Lepidic
Acinar
Papillary
Solid
28
Types of Neuroendocrine carcinoma (Lung cancer)
Small cell carcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Carcinoid tumor
Differential idiopathic pulmonary Neuroendocrine hyperplasia (DIPNH)
29
Types of mixed carcinoma (Lung cancer)
Adeno-Squamous carcinoma
Combined small cell carcinoma
30
Types of mixed carcinoma (Lung cancer)
Adeno-Squamous carcinoma
Combined small cell carcinoma
31
Full form of NUT
Nuclear protein in testis -: NUT-M1 - present on long arm of chromosome 15
32
Prognosis of NUT Carcinoma
Aggressive cancer - Bad Prognosis
33
Immunohistochemistry finding in NUT Carcinoma
Speckled nuclear +
34
Immunohistochemistry finding in NUT Carcinoma
Speckled nuclear +
35
Clinical features of Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Cough(Mc)
Long stand smoking history
Weight loss
Hemoptysis
Dyspnea
Chest pain - pleura involvement - lung abscess
36
Pancoast Tumor
Apical tumor
Involvement of certain structures - Symphathetic nerve plexus
37
HORNER SYNDROME
MAPEL
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Ptosis
Enophthalmos
Loss of Ciliospinal reflex
38
HORNER SYNDROME
MAPEL
Miosis
Anhidrosis
Ptosis
Enophthalmos
Loss of Ciliospinal reflex
39
Diagnosis of Bronchogenic carcinoma
Sputum examination
Bronchoscopy + Biopsy
PET-CT Scan
40
Which test is most specific in Bronchogenic carcinoma
Sputum examination - Cytology
41
Which test is most specific in Bronchogenic carcinoma
Sputum examination - Cytology
42
Best diagnosis method in case of Bronchogenic carcinoma
Bronchoscopy + Biopsy - Histopathological exam - Histochemistry
43
Central lung cancer have strong association with
Smoking
Good prognosis
44
Central lung cancer have strong association with
Smoking
Good prognosis
45
Peripheral lung cancer is more common in
Non - smokers
46
Important microscopical finding of Squamous cell carcinoma 0f lung
Keratin formation
47
Finding on electron microscopy in Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
Intracellular bridges
48
Finding on electron microscopy in Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
Intracellular bridges
49
Immunohistochemistry markers in Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
P63 +ve
P40 +ve
TTF - 1 And NAPSIN -ve
50
Immunohistochemistry markers in Squamous cell carcinoma of lung
P63 +ve
P40 +ve
TTF - 1 And NAPSIN -ve
51
Most common lung cancer in southeast Asian countries particulary india
Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs
52
Most common lung cancer in southeast Asian countries particulary india
Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs
53
Prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma
Best prognosis
54
Adenocarcinoma of lung biopsy findings
Presence of gland like structure or Mucir + on biopsy tissues
55
Adenocarcinoma of lung biopsy findings
Presence of gland like structure or Mucir + on biopsy tissues
56
Immunohistochemistry markers in Adenocarcinoma of lung
TTF-1 +ve
NAPSIN +ve
P63/P40 -ve
57
Immunohistochemistry markers in Adenocarcinoma of lung
TTF-1 +ve
NAPSIN +ve
P63/P40 -ve
58
Most common lung cancer globally
Adenocarcinoma of lung
59
Which lung cancer is more common in male smokers
Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs
60
Which lung cancer is more common in females
Adenocarcinoma of lung
61
Which lung cancer is more common in females
Adenocarcinoma of lung
62
Location of Adenocarcinoma of lung
Peripheral location
63
Lung cancer associated with asbestos
Adenocarcinoma of lung
64
Lung cancer associated with asbestos
Adenocarcinoma of lung
65
Small cell carcinoma is
High grade neuroendocrine tumor
66
Small cell carcinoma is
High grade neuroendocrine tumor
67
Nuclear features in small cell carcinoma
Amount of chromatin increased
Cytoplasm decreased
Nuclear moulding
Salt and pepper chromatin
68
Azzopardi effect can be seen which lung cancer
Small cell carcinoma
Basophilic staining
69
Immunohistochemistry markers in small cell carcinoma
Synaptophysin / CD 56 +ve
Chromogranin, BCL-2 overexpression
70
Immunohistochemistry markers in small cell carcinoma
Synaptophysin / CD 56 +ve
Chromogranin, BCL-2 overexpression
71
Small cell carcinoma strongly associated with
Smoking
Not seen in Non-smokers
72
Location of small cell carcinoma of lung
Central in location
Males M.C
73
Most aggressive type of lung cancer
Small cell carcinoma - Micrometastasis(invisible metastasis)
74
Most aggressive type of lung cancer
Small cell carcinoma - Micrometastasis(invisible metastasis)
75
Which lung cancer is highly chemotherapy or radiosensitive
Small cell carcinoma - max response but due to Micrometastasis have worst prognosis
76
Which lung cancer is highly chemotherapy or radiosensitive
Small cell carcinoma - max response but due to Micrometastasis have worst prognosis
77
Neurosecretory granules seen in small cell carcinoma secrets
Secrets hormone like substances - Max paraneoplastic syndromes
78
Paraneoplastic syndromes in small cell carcinoma
ACTH like - Cushing Syndrome
ADH like - SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)
Secretion of calcitonin - Hypocalcemia
79
Paraneoplastic syndromes in small cell carcinoma
ACTH like - Cushing Syndrome
ADH like - SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone)
Secretion of calcitonin - Hypocalcemia
80
Diagnosis of Large cell carcinoma is
Diagnosis of exclusion - Keratin X
Glands/mucin X
Neurosecretory granules X
81
In Large cell carcinoma tumor cell secretes
Estrogen like substances - Gynecomastia
82
In Large cell carcinoma tumor cell secretes
Estrogen like substances - Gynecomastia
83
Metastasis of Bronchogenic carcinoma
Adrenal gland
CNS
Liver
Bones
LN
84
Paraneoplastic syndromes seen in Squamous cell carcinoma
Hypercalcemia
85
Paraneoplastic syndromes seen in Squamous cell carcinoma
Hypercalcemia
86
Paraneoplastic syndromes seen in Small cell carcinoma
Cushing's Syndrome
SIADH
87
Paraneoplastic syndromes seen in Adenocarcinoma of lungs
Clubbing
DIC/Trosseau sign/NBTE
88
Lambert Eaton Syndrome
Small cell carcinoma
Autoantibodies against pre synaptic calcium cells
89
Treatment of Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs
Nivolimab
90
Treatment of Squamous cell carcinoma of lungs
Nivolimab
91
Treatment of Adenocarcinoma of lung
Bivacizumab
Gefitinib
Erlotinib
92
Treatment of Adenocarcinoma of lung
Bivacizumab
Gefitinib
Erlotinib
93
Type of pleural Tumors
Primary
Secondary (Metastasis)
94
Type of pleural Tumors
Primary
Secondary
95
Types of Primary pleural Tumors
Solitary fibrous tumor (Benign mesothelioma)
Malignant Mesothelioma
96
Types of Primary pleural Tumors
Solitary fibrous tumor (Benign mesothelioma)
Malignant Mesothelioma
97
Most common cause of Secondary pleural Tumors
Lung cancer
Breast cancer
98
Most common cause of Secondary pleural Tumors
Lung cancer
Breast cancer
99
Chromosome involved in Solitary fibrous tumor
Chromosome 12 inversion - NAB2 STAT6 Fusion gene
100
Chromosome involved in Solitary fibrous tumor
Chromosome 12 inversion - NAB2 STAT6 Fusion gene
101
Immunohistochemistry marker of Solitary fibrous tumor
CD34 +
102
Immunohistochemistry marker of Solitary fibrous tumor
CD34 +
103
Risk factors of Malignant mesothelioma
Asbestos (MC) - Amphibole
Radiation exposure
Smoking no association
104
Risk factors of Malignant mesothelioma
Asbestos (MC) - Amphibole
Radiation exposure
Smoking no association
105
If History of Asbestos exposure + Smoking there is more chances of which cancer
Bronchogenic carcinoma
106
If History of Asbestos exposure + Smoking there is more chances of which cancer
Bronchogenic carcinoma
107
Asbestos exposure is common in which industries
Insulation industries
108
Malignant mesothelioma is seen after how much year with asbestos exposure
25-45 year
109
Clinical features of Malignant mesothelioma
Elderly patients (50-60 yrs)
Chest pain
Dyspnea
Pleural effusion
Right lung >> left
110
Clinical features of Malignant mesothelioma
Elderly patients (50-60 yrs)
Chest pain
Dyspnea
Pleural effusion
Right lung >> left
111
Types of Malignant mesothelioma on the basis Microscopic findings in biopsy
Epitheloid type (MC) - 60%
Sarcomatoid type - 20%
Mixed/Biphasic type - 15-20%
112
On Biopsy Epitheloid type structure
Tubule like structure - Resembles like Adenocarcinoma of lung
113
Electron microscopy finding in case of Adenocarcinoma of lung
Small microvilli and non branching
114
Electron microscopy finding in case of Malignant mesothelioma
Villi big in size and branching seen
115
Immunohistochemistry markers of Malignant mesothelioma
Calretinin ++
WT1 ++
CK5/6 ++
MOC31 --
116
Best immunohistochemistry marker in Malignant mesothelioma
Calretinin
117
Best immunohistochemistry marker in Malignant mesothelioma
Calretinin
118
Pulmonary hamartoma is what type of neoplasm
True neoplasm
119
Pulmonary hamartoma is what type of neoplasm
True neoplasm
120
What happens in Pulmonary hamartoma
Respiratory epithelium entrapped into nodules of mesenchymal tissue
121
Most common mesenchymal tissues involved in Pulmonary hamartoma
Connective tissue
Fat cells
Smooth cells
Cartilage
122
Translocation seen in Pulmonary hamartoma
t(3;12)
123
Incidental finding on Xray and CT scan in Pulmonary hamartoma
Popcorn calcification
124
Incidental finding on Xray and CT scan in Pulmonary hamartoma
Popcorn calcification
125
Treatment of Pulmonary hamartoma
Surgical excision
126
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is common in
Childrens
127
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is common in
Childrens
128
Which gene activates in Inflammatory Myofibroblastic tumor
ALK gene
129
Clinical features of Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Fever in children
Cough
Hemoptysis
130
Grossly findings in Inflammatory Myofibroblastic tumor
Peripheral firm mass - Ca
131
Microscopical findings in Inflammatory Myofibroblastic tumor
Spindle shaped cells(Myoblasts or Myofibroblasts)
+
Lymphocytes/Plasma cells
