Lung Volumes

Question 1

How do you measure the volume of lungs?

Answer 1

Spirometer

Question 2

What is Tidal Volume?

Answer 2

Air volume normally breathed

Question 3

What is inspiratory reserve?

Answer 3

The additional amount you can inhale on demand

Question 4

What is expiratory reserve?

Answer 4

The additional amount that you can exhale on demand

Question 5

What is residual volume?

Answer 5

The amount of space that you will not be able to exhale

This is so that your alveoli dont collapse. .

Question 6

What is vital capacity?

Answer 6

The volume that you can maximally inhale/exhale together

Question 7

What is total lung capacity?

Answer 7

The vital capacity plus the reserve volume

Question 8

When is there a balance of pressure during breathing?L

Answer 8

at the end of passive exhalation

Question 9

Can you measure anything with residual in the title?

Answer 9

NO

Question 10

How do the volumes change in restrictive diseases?

Answer 10

All the volumes decrease
Cant expand enough
Increased fibers in the interstitium

Question 11

How do the volumes change in obstructive diseases?

Answer 11

All the volumes increase
Barrel shaped chest
Cant exhale, air is trapped

Question 12

What is inspiratory capacity?

Answer 12

from passive exhalation to max inhalation

Question 13

What are some helpful spirometric values?

Answer 13

Forced vital capacity
Forced expiratory volume in the first second
Ratio of FEV1 to FVC (percentage)
Forced expiratory flow in the middle of expiration

Question 14

What is forced vital capacity?

FVC

Answer 14

total volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration

Question 15

What does the FEV1/FVC ratio tell you?

Answer 15

The resistance to flow. Small ratio is bad

Question 16

How much of your air do you breath out in the first second?

Answer 16

80%, then it slowly declines

Question 17

damage in the large airways will reflect in a change in what part of the flow-volume curve?

Answer 17

The rapid incline of expiration up to the peak

Question 18

Damage in the small airways will reflect in a change in what part of the flow-volume curve?

Answer 18

The slower declined rate of expiration after the peak flow.

Question 19

How will the flow-volume curve look for obstructive disease?

Answer 19

It will look like an upside down comma
Total lung capacity will be increased, Forced vital capacity will increase, Rate of increased flow will be steeper, decline will also be steep, then will flatline at a slow flow.
flow will never be as high on inspiration/exhalation

Question 20

How will the flow-volume curve change in response to an upper airway obstruction?

Answer 20

The peak in flow on inspiration and exhalation will be cut off. plateaus in both.

Question 21

How will the flow-volume curve change in response to a restrictive lung disease?

Answer 21

It will be identicle, but smaller and shifted to the right

Question 22

What is normal FEV1/FVC value?

Answer 22

.8

Question 23

What is the FEV1/FVC value in obstructive lung disease?

Answer 23

Less than .7.
Both FEV1 and FVC decreased
FEV1 decreased more

Question 24

What is the FEV1/FVC value in restrictive lung disease?

Answer 24

greater than .8.

Both FEV1 and FVC are decreased but FVC is decreased more

Question 25

What is the definition for physiological dead space (VD)

Answer 25

total volume of the lungs that does not participate in gas exchange

Question 26

VD=Anatomical dead space+Functional dead space | What is anatomical dead space?

Answer 26

Volume of the conducting airways

Question 27

VD=Anatomical dead space+functional dead space | What is functional dead space?

Answer 27

Alveoli that do not participate in gas exchange

Question 28

What is Minute ventilation?

Answer 28

Total rate of air movement into and out of the lungs | Minute ventilation=Tidal Volume x Respiration rate

Question 29

What is alveolar ventilation?

Answer 29

The rate at which new air reaches the gas exchange areas of the lungs Alveolar ventilation=Respiration rate x (Tidal volume-dead space)

Question 30

What does the alveolar ventilation equation describe?

Answer 30

It shows the Inverse relationship between alveolar ventilation and alveolar PCO2. Alveolar ventilation=Rate of CO2 prod x constant/alveolar PCO2

Question 31

What cannot be measured by spirometry?

Answer 31

Residual volume, forced residual volume, and Total lung capacity