Overview of Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders Flashcards
What are the three classification of Obstructive Pulmonary disorders?
Obstruction from conditions in the wall of the lumen, related to loss of lung parenchyma, obstruction of airway lumen
What are the disorders from obstruction due to change in condition of the wall of the lumen?L
Asthma, acute bronchitis, Chronic bronchitis
What are the disorders from loss of lung parenchyma?
Emphysema
What are the conditions from obstruction of the airway?
Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis, Cystic Fibrosis, Acute tracheiobronchial obstruction, Epiglottitis, Croup
What is the decreasing order of Reversibility with Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, and Emphysema?
Asthma, Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema
What is the decreasing order of Sputum Production with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema?
Chronic bronchitis, asthma=emphysema
What is the decreasing order of alveolar damage with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema?
Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, asthma
What is the condition with Increased airway responsiveness to stimuli that is partially or completely reversible?
asthma
Which type of asthma has a strong familial connection, shows a positive skin test to allergens, and allergen-specific immunotherapy is helpful, allergenic or non-allergenic?
Allergenic
What type of asthma is developed in middle age, is intrinsic, no family history, antigen-antibody reactions are less important, and allergen specific immunotherapy is NOT helpful, allergenic or non-allergenic?
Non allergenic
Which type of asthma has a less favorable prognosis, allergenic or non-allergenic?
non-allergenic
What is the pathophysiology of allergic asthma?
allergen stimulates, inflammatory mediators secrete cytokines that result in hypersecretion of mucus, epithelial shedding, sub epithelial fibrosis, plasma leakage, vasolilation, bronchoconstriction due to parasympathetic activation
Pathological Mechanisms of asthma?
Smooth muscle contraction/hyperplasia/hypertrophy, submucosal thickening, mucus, cellular debris in lumen
What are some things you could hear in a history of an asthma patient?
Dyspnea, occupational exposure to something
What would you find during a physical examination of an asthma patient?
Rapid breathing, tachycardia, pulsus paradoxus (decreased SV during inspiration), accessory muscles used, longer expiratory phase than inspiratory, hyperinflated chest, hyperresonance, WHEEZING
What airflow rates can can confirm asthma?
Peak experiatory flow rate (PEFR)
Forced expiratory Volume in first second (FEV1)
Forced mid-expiratory Expiratory Flow Rate (FEF)
all decreased
What is the difference with asthma in the Flow-volume curve?
There is a shift to the left in observed total lung capacity and residual volume with a greatly decreased expiratory flow. Bigger volume, smaller flow. This gradually returns to normal
What are the therapeutic goals for asthma patients?
Allow patient to live without too much asthma interference
allow pnt to sleep without awakening
Limit use of rescue bronchodilators
Prevent needs for unscheduled medical care
what are the two components of asthma therapy?
Acute relievers (rescue treatments)-bronchodilate Controller treatments-decrease frequency
What are rescue treatments for asthma?
Beta adrenergic agents - stimulate Beta 2 adrenergic receptors - bronchodilation
Anticholinergics - inhibit effects of acetylcholine on M3 receptors
What are controller treatments for asthma?
Inhaled Corticosteroids, antileukotrienes, Long-acting beta agonists, theophlline, systemic corticosteroids, anti-ige treatment
